JPPUMA: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Sosial Politik UMA (Journal of Governance and Political Social UMA), 6 (2) (2018): 106-111
i
PETA KORUPSI DI KABUPATEN KUDUS ( Studi Korupsi di Kabupaten Kudus Tahun 2019)
Disusun sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar sarjana Strata Satu (S1) Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Program Studi Ilmu Pemerintahan
SKRIPSI
Disusun Oleh:
Dimas Rahmatullah 201710050311125
Pembimbing: Drs. Krishno Hadi, M.A
PROGRAM STUDI ILMU PEMERINTAHAN FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG TAHUN 2022
JPPUMA: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Sosial Politik UMA (Journal of Governance and Political Social UMA), 6 (2) (2018): 106-111
iii
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
JPPUMA: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Sosial Politik UMA (Journal of Governance and Political Social UMA), 10 (2) (2022): 229-243, DOI: 10.31289/jppuma.v10i2.7834
JPPUMA: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Sosial Politik UMA (Journal of Governance and Political Social UMA)
Available online http://ojs.uma.ac.id/index.php/jppuma
Map Of Corruption In Kudus District
(Case Study Of The Corruption Of The Regent Of Kudus In 2019)
Dimas Rahmatullah* & Krishno Hadi
Government Science Study Program, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia
Received: August, 9 2022; Reviewed: September, 2 2022; Accepted: September, 15 2022
Abstract
The crime of corruption is a crime that has a wide impact, in Indonesia itself there have been many cases of corruption that have occurred and it seems that it has become a culture for government officials. This study aims to create a corruption map by Muhammad Tamzil (Bupati Kudus period 2018 to 2023). This research uses a case study research method of content analysis on the Supreme Court's decision, data analysis using Nvivo12plus with data presentation in the form of graphs and tables. The results of the study revealed that the criminal acts of corruption committed by Muhammad Tamzil were in the form of gratification for the appointment of several parties and also receiving gifts from several inaugurated employees. Transactional becomes the highest action because in this case it involves many people and also the stages of the process are gradual. In every crime there is a correlation with each other, the 3 highest correlations are transactional and gratification with 0.982908 points. Transactional and bribes which have 0.949911 points, bribes and gratuities which have 0.949741 points. This research is expected to provide information to the public about what are the factors that cause corruption. The limitation of this research is that the data used is still limited to the type of secondary data, namely the Supreme Court decision document. The next research needs to use primary data, namely interview and observation data.
Keyword: Corruption; Gratification; Government.
How to Cite: Rahmatullah, D., & Hadi, K., (2022). Map Of Corruption In Kudus District (Case Study Of The Corruption Of The Regent Of Kudus In 2019). JPPUMA: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Sosial Politik UMA (Journal of Governance and Political Social UMA) 10(2): 229-243
*Corresponding author:
E-mail: rahmatullahdimas17@gmail.com ISSN 2549-1660 (Print) ISSN 2550-1305 (Online)
INTRODUCTION
Corruption is an act that is detrimental to society and the state because it will disrupt the stability of the country.
Every country must have corruption problems because the state is a public organization in which there are many parties who have different and personal interests. (Harits et al., 2019). Corruption in the world of government has become a common phenomenon, as evidenced in a statement issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs (Kemendagri) on November 21, 2019 stating that since the direct elections were held in 2005 there have been more than 300 regional heads who have been entangled in corruption. Meanwhile, data from the KPK as of October 7, 2019 has processed 119 corrupt regional heads from 25 provinces in Indonesia. From January 1, 2019 to October 2019, the KPK carried out a Hand Capture Operation (OTT) against seven regional heads, namely Regent Mesuji Khamami, Regent of Talaud Islands Sri Wahyuni Maria Manalip, and Governor of Riau Islands Nurdin Basirun. Then, the Regent of Kudus Tamzil, the Regent of Muara Enim Ahmad Yani, the Regent of Bengkayang Suryadman Gidot, and the Regent of North Lampung Agung Sains Mangkunegara (Ali, 2022).
The impact of corruption that occurs in the government not only causes suffering in the form of a large amount of state losses, the impact can also damage all aspects of people's lives. With so many corruption cases in a country, it shows how bad the government is in implementing good governance (Marsha Isnadiva, 2021).
Corruption also has non-financial impacts, such as reducing the credibility of the government's accountability system, reducing public trust in the government and disrupting public services (Maria et al., 2021).
The experience of holding elections since the country's independence to the election event which was initiated directly and simultaneously as mandated by the
Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia in its Decision. There are so many problems in it, including corruption in the practice of direct regional head elections in Indonesia (Hayati & Noor, 2020).
Corruption by regional heads cannot be separated from the high political cost factor. In the implementation of elections, there are various types of electoral fraud, one of which is electoral corruption.
Election corruption is part of the political corruption committed by politicians before gaining power. they carry out illicit practices during elections to influence voters. The most striking form is by bribing voters directly (Fariz, 2020). In the implementation of the election is also colored with money politics in the form of dowries for political parties. The capital issued by the candidate for regional head can come from personal pockets and also usually comes from the cukong. Therefore, the elected regional head commits corruption to recover the costs that have been incurred during his candidacy.
Many previous studies that discussed corruption cases, Setiawan et al in their research revealed that the high rate of forest destruction in Indonesia is related to high levels of corruption. Since 2001-2015, 39 perpetrators of corruption in the forestry sector consisting of members of the DPR, officials from the Ministry of
Forestry, Regional Heads
(Governor/Bupati/Head of Service) and businessmen, have been legally processed and received a verdict from the court. There are 6 (six) typologies of corruption in the forestry sector in Indonesia, namely:
transactional corruption, extortion, investment for corruption, nepotism, corruption to survive, and corruption to gain support. Then there are 4 forms of vulnerability to corruption in the forestry sector, namely: licensing processes, supervision, forestry spatial planning processes, and procurement of forestry goods and services (Setiawan et al., 2017).
Another study by A. Jatmoko in his
Dimas Rahmatullah & Krishno Hadi, Map Of Corruption In Kudus District (Case Study Of The Corruption Of The Regent Of Kudus In 2019)
research revealed that optimizing the role of investigators of the Criminal Investigation Unit of the Karanganyar Police in law enforcement handling corruption in the Regional Company of the Credit Agency of the District of Karanganyar Regency was carried out by collecting valid evidence according to law in the form of witness statements, expert statements, letters, instructions and statements of the accused. The legal evidence is useful for finding material truths in order to raise the judge's confidence in the evidentiary process at trial. This is in line with the provisions of Article 183 of the Criminal Procedure Code which stipulates that: "A judge may not impose a sentence on a person, unless with at least two valid pieces of evidence he obtains the belief that a criminal act has actually occurred and that the defendant is guilty of committing it. ” The obstacles in handling cases of corruption at the Regional Credit Agency Company, Karanganyar District are administrative obstacles in the case filing process, time constraints in collecting witness testimony, experts and many suspects, as well as obstacles to obtaining honest information from suspects (Jatmoko , 2016).
Many previous studies have explained the impact of acts of corruption in government and private institutions, prevention of acts of corruption in various ways, policy analysis of corruption, the role of the Corruption Eradication Commission and others, but previous research has not focused much on research on corruption based on Supreme Court decision data.
Therefore, this research is focused on the study of criminal acts of corruption based on the Supreme Court's decision because researchers want to find more in-depth information about corruption cases handled by the Supreme Court, in addition to this focus can provide detailed information about the process of occurrence or the process of taking action.
corruption by the suspect in the case.
The corruption case discussed in this study is in the form of gratification carried out by the regent of Kudus, a criminal act of corruption can be committed by someone who has a high position in an institution, with this case it is proven that a regent who has a high position in an area can carry out this action. with the help of some of his confidants, it can also be said that in an effort to commit a criminal act of corruption there is a network of groups to launch the action so that it is difficult to see.
Muhammad Tamzil served as regent of the holy 2 times (2003-2008 and 2018- 2023), in the first period Muhammad Tamzil was involved in corruption and imprisoned. In 2004, Muhammad Tamzil was arrested because he was found guilty of corrupting the funds for educational facilities and infrastructure in the Kudus Regency which cost the state around Rp.
2.84 billion and a prison term of 1 year and 10 months with a fine of Rp. 100 million (Ali, 2022).
Muhammad Tamzil, a man born in Ujung Pandang in 1961, served as Head of the Public Works Office of Kudus Regency in 1991, as Deputy Regent of Semarang Regency in 2000-2003, Kudus Regent in 2003-2008, Expert Staff to the Governor of Central Java in 2008, Functional Officer of Balitbang Central Java in 2013-2018, Regent of Kudus 2018-2023. His goal is to become a regent for the second time, which is to serve and help the community to clear his name in Kudus related to the corruption case committed during his first term in Kudus. (Ali, 2022).
This study focuses on the corruption crime committed by Muhammad Tamzil in the form of gratuities which was also assisted by several of his confidants while serving as regent of Kudus for the 2018- 2023 period. In this case Muhammad Tamzil received a total of IDR 3,275,000,000.00 (three billion two hundred seventy five million rupiah) in just 1 year of his term of office, which was later caught by OTT in 2019. Therefore, this case
is very serious. interesting to study because in a short period of time the suspect can pocket a lot of money, the corruption process that he carried out needs to be analyzed to obtain information that might help prevent similar cases from happening to other regional leaders.
This research study leads to efforts to answer research questions, namely how the process of corruption committed by the Regent of Kudus.
RESEARCH METHODS
This study uses a case study research method, this method was chosen because this research is an analysis of the data obtained and also other findings in the case studied are presented in the form of data analysis which is then explained again with explanatory narratives related to the data obtained. Hartley (2004) Case study research consists of detailed investigations, related to the time period, context, and phenomenon of the research subject used.
The purpose of case study research is to provide analytical results regarding the context associated with the process related to these issues.
This research starts from looking for corruption cases that occurred in Indonesia, examines the case first before proceeding to the next stage, after the case selection process then proceeds to the search for the results of the Supreme Court decision regarding the case that has been selected, after finding the results of the decision then downloading the results of the decision then entered into the Nvivo12plus application, and proceed to the analysis stage.
This analysis stage is carried out using the Nvivo12plus application, which is an application that can be used to perform processing and analysis of qualitative data automatically. The analysis starts from entering data on the results of the Supreme Court's decision then coding the data which is a classification of forms of corruption in the results of the decision, after the coding
is complete proceed to the data analysis stage in the form of finding data in the form of diagrams, including corruption acts in which there are 6 categories (transactional, gratuities, bribes, money laundering, project fees and lobbies), linkages or correlations between the 6 categories of corruption, and the last is data on the actors involved.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
This study uses a case study research method, this method was chosen because this research is an analysis of the data obtained and also other findings in the case studied are presented in the form of data analysis which is then explained again with explanatory narratives related to the data obtained. Hartley (2004) Case study research consists of detailed investigations, related to the time period, context, and phenomenon of the research subject used.
The purpose of case study research is to provide analytical results regarding the context associated with the process related to these issues.
This research starts from looking for corruption cases that occurred in Indonesia, examines the case first before proceeding to the next stage, after the case selection process then proceeds to the search for the results of the Supreme Court decision regarding the case that has been selected, after finding the results of the decision then downloading the results of the decision then entered into the Nvivo12plus application, and proceed to the analysis stage.
This analysis stage is carried out using the Nvivo12plus application, which is an application that can be used to perform processing and analysis of qualitative data automatically. The analysis starts from entering data on the results of the Supreme Court's decision then coding the data which is a classification of forms of corruption in the results of the decision, after the coding is complete proceed to the data analysis stage in the form of finding data in the form
Dimas Rahmatullah & Krishno Hadi, Map Of Corruption In Kudus District (Case Study Of The Corruption Of The Regent Of Kudus In 2019)
of diagrams, including corruption acts in which there are 6 categories (transactional, gratuities, bribes, money laundering, project fees and lobbies), linkages or correlations between the 6 categories of corruption, and the last is data on the actors involved .
Corruption Practices
According to Robert Klitgaard in (Dewi & Ariyani, 2016), the definition of corruption is when someone illegally puts personal interests above the interests of the people, as well as the ideals that according to his oath he will serve. Corruption comes in many forms and ranges from trivial issues to very large issues. Corruption can involve the misuse of policy instruments such as tariffs, taxes, credit, irrigation systems, housing policies, law enforcement, regulations concerning the public interest, implementation of contracts, and so on.
Corruption can occur not only in the government sector but also in the private sector, in fact it often occurs simultaneously in both sectors. Corruption can be started from a small opportunity and can also occur in many sectors in government and non- government (private) institutions.
Corruption is an act to seek one's own profit without thinking about the interests of the people or the common interest, and this action can be organized by several people involved so that the process of corruption acts that are carried out can run well and are almost invisible.
A corruptor, especially in the management of government finances, has the criteria for occupying a high position and a dominant (influential) role in committing a crime, and this person in addition to being able to commit a criminal act of corruption can also stop him because that person has great influence (Rosyida et al., 2019) . Meanwhile, corruption committed by a politician mostly occurs because of the pattern of work and the Indonesian political system that is developing towards political apathy, where
regeneration does not take place optimally, while the urge to maintain power and dominate political parties in the state system increases (Wafa et al., 2020). This is not the only cause of corruption.
Corruption can also occur because in an election activity there is often fraud committed by candidates, giving money to the public to be elected in the election is one of them, this is a violation of legal and ethical norms in the implementation of the post-conflict local election and is an unconstitutional act that violates social norms in the region. society, this action can trigger the embryo of legal and ethical behavior deviations, as well as generate motivation to commit corruption when they are elected to return the large capital spent when nominating themselves (Sutarih & Agustina,This practice of corruption in the form of gratification was carried out by the Regent of Kudus Muhammad Tamzil in 2018-2019, which was the first year he served as Regent of Kudus before being caught in the Hand Catching Operation (OTT), there were many processes carried out by the convict and also some of his confidants in launching the action, from data obtained through the results of the Supreme Court's decision produces the following data. 2020)
Based on the findings in the data analysis of the Supreme Court's decision regarding the corruption case by Muhammad Tamzil (Bupati Kudus) it can be seen that there are 6 categories of corruption committed by the suspect including; transactional, gratuities, bribes, money laundering, project fees and lobbying. Transactional and Gratification are the highest because in this case there are many stages or processes carried out by the suspect in carrying out his action, and also through many parties.
According to Kartono in (Rizkika et al., 2019) transactional politics is a form of corrupt practice. More precisely, transactional politics is included in the category of political corruption. However,
in the view of today's society, transactional politics is a natural thing or a common thing to do, this transactional politics is basically a transaction between 2 or more parties that are reciprocal but in this transaction actually violates the provisions or rather is
fraud by seeking benefits beyond his rights, for example in this case Muhammad Tamzil who at that time was still serving as the Regent of Kudus offered him a promotion but there was an amount of money that had to be given to him.
Figure 1. Hierarchy Chart Data Source: Nvivo12plus
Transactional in this case is not carried out by Muhammad Tamzil himself, but he has 2 trusted people who help them, namely Agus Soeranto and Uka Wisnu Sejati, Agus Soeranto is the Special Staff of the Regent in the field of finance, development and regional investment, while Uka Wisnu Sejati is Muhammad's aide. Tamzil since he was still in the campaign period. They both became intermediaries in the appointment of Akhmad Shofian and his wife Rini Kartika, in this action they received a total of Rp.
750,000,000 (seven hundred and fifty million rupiah) (Decision et al., 2020).
Continued on the main action or case,
namely gratification, gratification is an act of fraud that can actually ensnare the perpetrators as a form of corruption. The act of gratification should no longer be taken lightly like other acts of corruption, the act of gratification is sometimes meaningful as a gift that is social and natural in society. But in its development it turns into a dilemma and dangerous when the gift aims to target good memories as a savings for future services to someone.
Especially to those who are influential and serve as state administrators (Iskandar &
Kurniawan, 2020). Gratification is an act of corruption which is also very high in cases, there are many cases of gratification in an
Dimas Rahmatullah & Krishno Hadi, Map Of Corruption In Kudus District (Case Study Of The Corruption Of The Regent Of Kudus In 2019)
institution, especially in government institutions because it is easy to give a position or raise someone's position while the person occupies a high position like the case in this study, for a regent could give a position to the people around him and also people who have given something to him for a position.
Gratification is usually considered as the root of corruption. Gift giving is generally considered a common tradition that has been entrenched in people's lives in Indonesia. However, it is necessary to understand that the slightest gift to a civil servant or state administrator can be considered a bribe if the gift is related to his position and is contrary to his obligations or duties (Lisa Nazifah, 2019). Gratification is part of corruption which is an act of violating criminal law in Indonesia which is carried out by a group of people or individuals which is usually in the form of abuse of power, opportunity, and/or means to enrich themselves and their group.
Either directly or indirectly. Acts that violate the law can be categorized as corruption, including: giving/accepting bribes, offering gratuities to employees/officials, embezzlement or abuse of power, extortion by officials and employees (Purwanto et al., 2021).
Corruption is also an extraordinary crime in Indonesia, for its prevention and eradication requires new approaches and strategies. Corruption has damaged the nation's social order (individual anomalies) so that its prevention and eradication must use an institutional approach to social institutions in society (double legitimacy).
Among them are social institutions which are religious norms. Then there is an approach from the family, they must have a family, if someone commits a criminal act of corruption, the family will get a bad image.
Another approach is from educational institutions, educational institutions that succeed in creating graduates who behave well can prevent the person from misbehaving (Haling & Jasin, 2018).
Muhammad Tamzil as the Regent of Kudus who took office in 2018 received a sum of money from several parties who then asked for a reward for promotion to a government organization, including the provision of money worth Rp. 750,000,000 which was given in stages from Akhmad Shofian, the gift was aimed at appointed
Akhmad Shofian in an
administrator/Echelon IIIa position and appointed his wife, Rini Kartika Hadi Ahmawati, in a high-ranking pratama/echelon II government of Kudus Regency (Putusan et al., 2020).
Furthermore, Muhammad Tamzil also received gratification, namely receiving cash in total amounting to Rp.
2,525,000,000.00 (two billion five hundred seventy five million rupiah), with details received through Heru Subiyantoko of Rp.
900,000,000.00 (nine hundred million rupiah). Heru Subiyantoko contacted several fellow contractors Sariyun, Ratno Khujo and other partners who said that the Regent needed some money and then Heru Subiyantoko received money from partners/contractors which was given in stages with the following details: Around September 2018 received Rp100,000,000 ,00 (one hundred million rupiah); Around December 2018 received money in the amount of Rp. 50,000,000.00 (fifty million rupiah); At the end of December 2018 until January 2019 received money in the amount of Rp. 500,000,000.00 (five hundred million rupiah); Then Heru Subiyantoko again received money in the amount of Rp. 250,000,000.00 (two hundred and fifty million rupiah) which was received in three stages, namely Rp.
50,000,000.00 (fifty million rupiah) Rp.
100,000,000.00 (one hundred million rupiah) and IDR 100,000,000.00 (one hundred million rupiah) (Decision et al., 2020).
At around the end of 2018, the Defendant through Sam'ani Intakoris (Regional Secretary of Kudus Regency) ordered Joko Susilo as the Head of the
Youth and Sports Education Office (Dikpora) to seek money for the benefit of the Defendant. Joko Susilo then contacted several partners/contractors to say that the Defendant needed money. Then Joko Susilo received money in the amount of Rp.
500,000,000.00 (five hundred million rupiah) from several contractors. On the order of the Defendant through Sam'ani Intakoris, the money was then handed over to pay the Defendant's debt to Hariyanto.
Through Uka Wisnu Sejati in the amount of Rp.300,000,000.00 (three hundred million rupiah), this money came from Joko Susilo as the Head of Dikpora.
Around March 2019, Rp. 100,000,000.00 (one hundred million rupiah) was given at the time of delivery of assistance to the community, then around April 2019, Rp.
200,000,000.00 (two hundred million rupiah) was delivered by Harjuna Widada, Supriono and Zubaedi who was received through Uka Wisnu Sejati when the Defendant was having activities at the Pati Regency Hall.
Through Muhammad Moelyanto, Ali Rifai and Agoes Soeranto in the amount of Rp. 335,000,000.00 (three hundred and thirty five million rupiah), this money was obtained in early May 2019 after the inauguration of the Administrator position.
The first revenue through Agoes Soeranto amounting to Rp.150,000,000.00 (one hundred and fifty million rupiah) came from Harjuna Widada and Zubaedi. In mid- May 2019, through Ali Rifai Rp.60,000,000.00 (sixty million rupiah) from Harjuna Widada as a gift from Supriyono and Ani Susmad. At the end of May 2019, Rp.75,000,000.00 (seventy-five million rupiah) through Muhammad Mulyanto (PNS of Kudus Regency) from Siti Rokhimah, Apriliana Hidayati and M.
Kusnaeni. In June 2019, in the amount of IDR 50,000,000.00 (fifty million rupiah) Muhammad Mulyanto from Kasmijan Dan Martono.
Through Setiya Hendra and Ali Rifai and received directly by the defendant in
the amount of Rp.490.000.000, 00 (four hundred and ninety million rupiah). This money was received before Eid in 2019 from the District Trade Office. Kudus and the Department of Transportation Kab.
Kudus received directly in his office. In May 2019, the amount of Rp.15,000,000.00 (fifteen million rupiah) from Abdul Halil as the Head of the Department of Transportation, was received by the Defendant in his office. In May 2019, Rp.
100,000,000.00 (one hundred million rupiah) from Sudiharti as the Head of the Trade Service through Andi Imam as the Secretary of the Trade Service, which was received through Setiya Hendra at the Pendopo Kudus Regency. At the end of May 2019, Rp.200,000,000.00 (two hundred million rupiahs) was received from Andi Imam to Ali Rifai at his house as a repayment of the debt of the Defendant to Ali Rifai. In around July 2019, Rp.
175,000,000.00 (one hundred and seventy five million rupiah) from Andi Imam to Ali Rifai as well as the repayment of the Defendant's debt to Ali Rifai (Decision et al., 2020).
The receipt of the money above is related to his position and is also contrary to his obligations or duties, namely related to the position of the defendant as the Regent of Kudus and contrary to his obligations or duties as regulated in Article 5 point 4 and number 6 of Law Number 28 of 1999 concerning Clean and Clean State Administrators. Free from Corruption, Collusion and Nepotism (Putusan et al., 2020).
Muhammad Tamzil was declared legally and convincingly guilty of committing a criminal act of corruption jointly and continuously as stipulated and threatened with a criminal offense in Article 12 letter a of Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption as amended by Law Number 20 2001 concerning Amendments to Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Corruption Crimes jo. Article
Dimas Rahmatullah & Krishno Hadi, Map Of Corruption In Kudus District (Case Study Of The Corruption Of The Regent Of Kudus In 2019)
55 paragraph (1) of the 1st Criminal Code jo. Article 64 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code (Decision et al., 2020).
Muhammad Tamzil was also legally proven to have committed several crimes/criminal acts of corruption (gratification) which were independent as regulated and threatened with criminality in Article 12 B of Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption as amended by Law Number 20 of 1999. 2001 concerning Amendments to Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Corruption Crimes jo. Article 65 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code (Decision et al., 2020). From this explanation, it can be proven that Muhammad Tamzil has committed a criminal offense of corruption in the form of gratification which is carried out jointly and also carried out alone.
Based on this act, Muhammad Tamzil was sentenced to 10 (ten) years in prison, reduced while the Defendant was in custody and a fine of Rp. remain on hold.
Then there is an additional penalty of paying replacement money to the State in the amount of Rp. 3,100,000,000, - (three billion one hundred million rupiah), and punishment in the form of revocation of the right to be elected for 5 years after completing the main crime (Decision et al., 2020).
In this case it was also found that Muhammad Tamzil had laundered money from receiving gratuities, Money laundering was a crime that could threaten economic stability and the integrity of the financial system, money laundering was an attempt to hide the origin of money from the proceeds of certain criminal acts (Kristian & Tanuwijaya, 2019). In this case Muhammad Tamzil has taken several actions to eliminate the proceeds from the crime, including Muhammad Tamzil through his staff, especially Agus Soeranto, using the money from the gratuity to pay for a Nissan Terrano car in the amount of Rp. 245,000,000, Rp. 50,000,000 to pay for
a Mitsubishi Pajero car, Rp. 1,300,000,000 to pay debts to Hariyanto related to financing for the election of the regional head of Kudus Regency, Rp. 375,000,000 to pay debts to Ali Rifai (Putusan et al., 2020).
The project fee in this case is the wages earned by 2 important people who played an important role in launching the job appointment project, including Agus Soeranto and Uka Winu Sejati, they were both important people in the purchase of positions carried out by Ahmad Shofian and also his wife who was valuable total Rp.
750,000,000. the fee obtained by true Wisnu Uka in the case of the appointment of Ahmad Shofian and his wife is Rp. 75 million received in 3 donations, Uka was ordered by Agus Soeranto to set aside Rp.
25 million each time giving. Meanwhile, Agus Soeranto received wages from Uka's statement. Agus Soeranto received the same salary as Uka, as seen in the confession of the first receipt that Agus Soeranto ordered Uka to ask Ahmad Shofian for Rp. 250 million which then money worth Rp. 200 million will be given to the Regent (Muhammad Tamzil) while the remaining Rp. 50 million is divided into two. Likewise with the second receipt, the scheme is still the same as the explanation above, then the third acceptance of Uka receives Rp. 225 million from Ahmad Shofian which was then handed over to Agus Soeranto. Agus took money worth Rp.
12.5 million for himself then took the same amount of money to give to Uka, the rest was Rp. 200 million was given to the Regent. From the amount given at the time of the third gift, Rp. 25 million which was still not given by Ahmad Shofian, then Agus asked Uka to immediately charge Ahmad Shofian, who then divided the money in half (Putusan et al., 2020).
The Relationship Between Corruption Crimes
There are 6 criminal acts of corruption in this case, of the six crimes each has a correlation between each, the
correlation itself is a relationship between two variables. The results of the analysis shown in the graph above clearly show that the linkages of corrupt acts committed by perpetrators of corruption are very striking, namely between gratification,
transactional, and bribery, these three categories are interconnected with each other because in this case there are many processes involved. or the stages carried out and the center of which is gratification.
Figure 2. Data Cluster Analysis Source: Nvivo12plus In more detail, the table will explain
the correlation points between criminal acts, starting with the strongest correlation between transactional and gratification, with points 0.982908. The correlation between these 2 actions is very strong
because gratification is the main problem in this case, almost every act of gratification there is a transactional process between the convict and the applicant or the money giver or the convict's right hand and the applicant, the number of parties in this case
Dimas Rahmatullah & Krishno Hadi, Map Of Corruption In Kudus District (Case Study Of The Corruption Of The Regent Of Kudus In 2019)
is also a factor in the strong correlation between the 2 this section.
The next strong correlation is between transactional and bribery which has 0.949911 points, these two actions can be said to be also actions that have a high correlation, it cannot be denied because bribery must be related to transactional, basically in the case of bribery there must be a transaction. in it to mutually agree.
The next correlation is between bribery and gratification which has 0.949741 points. Gratification and bribery are almost the same thing but different, gratification is more towards giving or a sign of gratitude for a gift, while bribery is more towards giving money or goods to change the results as desired, both of these actions occur a lot in this case so that it has points which is also strong.
The three correlations above are high correlations in this case, followed by other correlations, namely, lobbying and gratification with 0.905117 points, transactional and lobbying 0.876479, bribery and lobbying with 0.871742 points, transactional and money laundering with 0.849464 points, money laundering and gratification with 0.80933 points, transactional and project fees with 0.806472 points, gratification and project fees with 0.806339 points, bribes and money laundering with 0.789724 points, bribes and project fees with 0.743498 points, money laundering and project fees 0.718555, money laundering and lobbying with 0.696714 points, lobbying and project fees with 0.695312 points, policy manipulation and gratification with 0, 344857, bribery and policy manipulation with 0.323178 points, policy manipulation with lobbying with 0.280458 points, money laundering and policy manipulation with 0.247588 points, project fees and policy manipulation with 0.185179 points.
Mapping of Actors and Their Roles in Corruption Crimes
The network in an act of corruption is
almost always there, there can be many or only a few actors involved, they support each other with the same goal of seeking profit. Networks or actors in this case are actors involved and have their respective roles, can be formed through pre-existing relationships, cooperation, and also transfer of resources (eg bribery) (Rizqi et al., 2020).
The results of the analysis of the actors involved in this case I grouped into 3, namely the convict who is the main actor, then there is the convict's right hand, namely the actor who is very influential in this case. they do, then the last one is bribery, in the sense of giving money to the convict, either in the form of gratuities or bribes.
The main actor in this case is definitely Muhammad Tamzil as a person who occupies a high position so that he can commit a criminal act of corruption in the form of gratification, in launching his action Muhammad Tamzil was assisted by several of his closest people including Agus Soeranto and Uka Wisnu Sejati, these two actors played the role What is very important can be seen in the table above showing these two actors, namely the convict's right hand in all the Actions in this case and their points are also very strong in each Action.
Why the role of the briber or giver looks very strong in every crime, this is because there are many actors, it can be seen in the previous data, namely the criminal act of gratification committed by Muhammad Tamzil, there are many actors involved, namely Uka Wisnu Sejati, Agus Soeranto, Rini Kartika Hadi Ahmawati , Ahmad Shofian, Heru Subiyantoko, Sariyun, Ratno Khujo and other contactors, Sam'ani Intakoris, Joko Susilo, Harjuna Widada, Supriono, Zubaedi, Muhammad Moelyanto, Ali Rifai, Supriyono, Ani Susmad, Siti Rokhimah, Apriliana Hidayati, M Kusnaeni , Kasmijan, Martono, Setiya Hendra, Abdul Halil, Sudiharti, Andi Imam. It can be concluded that in this case many people
have been assisted by the convict and also many people are involved in this gratification case, so it is not surprising that
in this case the amount of money that has been received by the convict is very large in a short period of time.
Figure 3. Chart Aktor Data Source: Nvivo12plus
Opportunity or it can be said as an opportunity that can be taken by someone to get something, but in this case the meaning of opportunity is meaningful as a loophole to commit a criminal act to seek profit by violating the rules, starting with the convict Muhammad Tamzil who won the election and became a regent being the first way. to commit a criminal act of corruption, with the position held by the convict has the authority so that the authority is used to benefit himself and also those closest to him, one of which is to give a position to someone who is able to give a
certain amount of money in return.
The use of position or authority can be related to the capability factor introduced by Wolfe & Hermanson in (Iskandar &
Kurniawan, 2020) in the diamond fraud motive theory. Capabilities are abilities possessed by a person related to the nature, position, position or task that is attached to him. Potential violations can come when a perpetrator feels he has authority and can do anything because of his position and power or position. Especially if this is realized by them to change, avoid strict systems/regulations, and be supported by
Dimas Rahmatullah & Krishno Hadi, Map Of Corruption In Kudus District (Case Study Of The Corruption Of The Regent Of Kudus In 2019)
meeting other factors.
The next factor is the need, when viewed from the data obtained, the results of the criminal acts committed by Muhammad Tamzil are mostly used to meet his needs, namely paying for a car and also the debt for his candidacy fees, the nomination costs needed to become a regent are very many and this is a factor Many regional leaders commit corruption, from this case alone Muhammad Tamzil borrowed money to someone and the value was very large, the debt had to be paid, therefore the convict committed a criminal act of corruption to meet his needs to pay the debt.
In a study by (Rizqi et al., 2020) which examined criminal acts of corruption, gratification, bribery, and abuse of authority by the Regent of Klaten, it was found that there is a network that is a liaison between various elements in the Klaten Regency. In the case of this research, it was also found a network that became a link between various parties, Muhammad Tamzil would not be able to carry out this act of corruption without a strong network, there were 2 important people who became the liaison between Muhammad Tamzil and the givers, thanks to this network, there are many actors involved in this case. involved and also the nominal in this case is very large.
Corruption in Indonesia currently seems difficult to eliminate, but can be minimized with the existence of the KPK which is designed with extraordinary authority (superbody) to be able to uncover dirty-scheming practices and penetrate even the strongest fortresses of corruptors (Sosiawan, 2019). With strong powers such as wiretapping, investigations, without having to go through licensing procedures, and using modern investigative techniques such as surveillance and forensic audits, the KPK is able to find criminal acts of corruption so that state losses can be minimized.
The crime of corruption committed by
Muhammad Tamzil and several of his closest people has only been running for one year of his term of office and it has already gotten a fantastic figure or amount of money, if the KPK does not quickly track down the crime, the loss could be even greater considering there are still 4 years the term of office that should still be occupied by the convict.
CONCLUSION
This corruption case is a criminal act of gratification committed by the Regent of Kudus with 2 actors who are the right hands of the convict, then there are 25 actors involved in the criminal act of gratification committed by the convict, in this case there is a total nominal of Rp.
3,275,000,000, and money laundering of Rp. 1,970,000,000 for the payment of 2 cars and also the payment of the nomination fee debt. Agus Soeranto and Uka wisnu true are important actors behind the convict Muhammad Tamzil, these 2 people are the right hands of the convict and have completed several forms of gratification, transactional, lobbying, bribery, and money laundering, they are both like the main actors in this case.
The factors that underlie Muhammad Tamzil committing a criminal act of corruption, including 1) There is an opportunity because the convict at that time occupied a position that had some authority or it could be said that Muhammad Tamzil had the capability which is the ability possessed by a person related to the nature, position, position or task. which is clinging to him; 2) Need factor, when the convict nomination has spent a lot of money to get the position, the money earned for the nomination capital is obtained through debt and when he gets the position is used to get money which is then used to pay the debt; 3) network factor owned by Muhammad Tamzil, thanks to the network owned the action that was carried out went well and was able to collect a lot of benefits for himself and also the people
beside him.
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