The figures on the upper half of the barrels do not resemble those on the other barrels, yet the method of decoration is exactly the same as that on the lower half. The barrel depicted in Plate 3, B, has the characteristic smooth, grooved bands, while the rest of the surface is roughened. The two jars (Fig. 3, C and D) differ most radically from the rest of the vessels and from the typical Hopewell.
This analysis indicates that the decorations on all vessels from Mounds 4 and 8 of the Marksville works show a certain relationship to each other, and that the decoration on some of them is analogous to the characteristic designs on vessels from the Hopewell culture of the upper Mississippi Valley. The table should indicate the outstanding characteristics of the ceramics shown from these sites. Nineteen of the illustrations show the area just below the rim – in the case of jars.
In terms of decoration, 9 of the 12 restored vessels have bands which are deeply outlined. 8 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.82 The few similarities, beyond pottery, therefore seem insufficient at present to establish Mounds 4 and 8 of the Marksville works as typical Hopewell mounds. Around the outside of the rim is a %-inch band of hatched lines, incised at an angle of 45°.
The thin lines were cut first and the heavier ones, cut from the lower part to the top of the edge, were made next.
AKT. 22 HOPEWELL POTTERY FROM LOUISIANA SETZLER H
- FLAT-BOTTOM BOWL FROM MOUND 8
- FLAT-BOTTOM BOWL FROM MOUND 4
- UNIQUE VESSEL FROM MOUND 4
- SMALL FLAT-BOTTOM JAR FROM MOUND 4
This vessel is more brittle than most of the series, which may be the result of having been exposed to more intense or prolonged heat. About an inch from the top of the rim is a surrounding line of indentations made with a round tool one-tenth of an inch in diameter, driven into the wall at an oblique angle. On more typical Hopewell vessels, the space above these depressions would be filled with a cross-hatched design of fine incised lines.
Below the incised groove encircling the neck, the rest of the body is decorated with small contour bands, highly polished, and a uniform roughness outside these areas. The roughing in this case has not been done using either the roulette or the zigzag technique, but rather with the help of a small blunt instrument. The polished bands, parallel to each other and perpendicular to the bottom, average about 1^^ inches long and a quarter of an inch wide.
Below the globular part of the vessel is a tapering pedestal-like attachment around which are four parallel deeply incised grooves. An enclosing band, three-eighths of an inch wide, below the rim has been decorated with slightly incised parallel lines at a 45° angle. The usual 45° lines that run in the opposite direction and complete the hatched design are missing.
Around the neck of the vessel is an ornament consisting of two deeply incised parallel channels about 1% inch long, which ter-. Covering the entire body are various patterns made of parallel incised grooves so close together as to give the effect of wavy concentric triangles and diamond shapes. Fowke may have had the pieces of this vessel in mind when he wrote: "The other, of which there was only a part, was otherwise decorated."^^.
ART. 22 HOPEWELL POTTERY FROM LOUISIANA SETZLER 13
- MINIATURE FLAT-BOTTOM JAR FROM MOUND 4
- MINIATURE VASE FROM MOUND 4
- FLAT-BOTTOM VASE FROM MOUND 4
- VASE FROM MOUND 8
- VASE FROM MOUND 4
- MINIATURE VASE FROM MOUND 4
- BOWLS FROM MOUND 4
So small a portion of the edge remains intact that it gives no clue as to its decoration. The outlines are formed by deeply cut grooves, so close together that only a very narrow edge remains between them, which is highly polished. The inner surface is rough and looks like small sand particles and protrudes; nevertheless, these lumps are small pieces of clay, consisting of soft, pulverized potsherds or of clay granules that are not completely incorporated into the original mixture.
The rim, which is quite uneven, is decorated only externally with vertical longitudinal indentations on the vessel wall. Fowke's preliminary report ^* can be definitely identified as that "20 inches above the bottom— * * * Among the remains was a 2-inch decorated pot containing fragments of dried corn, pumpkins, and possibly other forms of food. The decoration somewhat resembles a T with two curved adhesive bands starting near the middle of the vertical bar and ending near the edge (fig. 5).
The outer surface shows a certain roughness due to particles of potsherd-tempered or unpulverized clay. On either side of the barrel, near the edge, are two small holes through which a strap or cord passes. Three partially restored bowls from Mound 4 are made of rather flaky clay, the tempering being either pulverized potsherds or hard.
Fowke found the following artifacts: Clay monitor or platform pipe from Mound4 (Fig. 5, A); the fragmentary base of another platform pipe from the same mound (Fig. 5, C.); sandstone rubbing or smoothing (pi. 5,D); prints in clay of avertically woven mats consisting of the multi-two-under-two technique from hill E). The few artifacts from Mound 10 (pi, 6, A-C) bear no resemblance to the material from Mounds 4, 8, and 15, nor to the general Hopewell culture. ART.22 HOPEWELL POTTERY BY LOUISM.NA SBTZLER 17 The two unidentified fired clay objects (pi.6,B) are similar to the speci- The two unidentified fired clay objects (pi.6,B) are similar to the speci -. men in the United States National Museum, found by C. in a kitchen waste bin in Poverty Point, West Carroll Parish, northeastern Louisiana.
Mound 15, on the same side of the river as Mounds 4 and 8 and only a short distance from Mound 8 (fig. 1), appears to have been built by a very different group of Indians possessing a culture radically different from the builders of Mounds 4 and 8. Sherds (pi. 6, D, E,F) resemble those found throughout the Southeast, except D and E, which occur only along the Gulf Coast. All of them, however, are unrelated in decoration and tempering to the pottery found in Mounds 4, 8, and 10 or in the upper Mississippi region.
HOPEWELL POTTERY FROM OTHER SOUTHEASTERN SITES
18 PBOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82
ART. 22 HOPEWELL POTTERY FROM LOUISIANA — SETZLER 19
Most appear to have no connection with the Hopewell pottery, but a few show very general characteristics that may have some connection with the Avoyelles Parish, La. pottery. and smooth bands that may represent part of a swastika. It appears to have been achieved with an instrument sharpened to the exact width of the strip and applied at right angles to the grooves.
Another pot from the Foster Place is decorated with alternating smooth, pointed, concentric, circular bands, outlined by. This pointed roughening technique is similar to the tires on the ship from Saline Point, Avoyelles Parish, La. A wide, smooth band outlined by incised grooves forms the S-shaped figure of the swastika, while the rest of the surface is evenly roughened with shallow indentations at no angle. certain order.
Since Moore speaks of no apparent stratification in the mound, it may be assumed that vessels showing similarities in their decoration to those from Avoyelles Parish may have been found associated with the more typical Caddo wares. The vessels herein described from Foster Place show no direct similarities to Hopewell pottery from the upper Mississippi Valley, but are comparable to speci-. These sites also seem to indicate a relationship with some of the other more general Hopewell characteristics besides pottery.
That Louisiana, Mississippi, and possibly Arkansas should be taken into account, that Louisiana, Mississippi, and possibly Arkansas should be taken into account in the spread of Hopewell-like traits. A brief summary shows that the Marksville plant contained one ship (Fig. 1) that could be considered a typical Hopewell ship. In addition, the other ships from Mounds 4 and 8 exhibit one or more typical Hopewell features.
More than that, the variety of molds at Marksville not only exhibit designs characteristic of the typical Hopewell of the North, but these same vessels have certain features similar to other pottery decorations from the Southeast. At present, no evidence has been found in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, or Wisconsin that will enable anthropologists to determine the ethnological or linguistic connections between this highly developed archaeological culture and the recognized Indian tribes. From the evidence at Marksville it appears that further scientific investigation in this part of the Southeast should provide definitive evidence as to the origin, development, and migration of this interesting archaeological culture.
A copy of page 49 of "Sketches of Monuments and Antiques; Found in the Mounds, Tombs and Ancient Cities of America", a portfolio of drawings made by James Plunket in 1856 for Dr. The Hopewell vessel of the Mound City group illustrated in "Ancient Monuments of the MississippiValley" (op. cit., pi.
