Practical Training Guide

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POLBAN AMTO

Practical Training Guide

Course Title : Aircraf Maintenance Practice-2

Course Code : 21AER2066

Modul/Task Title : Aircraf Weight & Balancing

Modul/Task Number : MP05.B.09

Trainee Name/ID No. : Trisna Daud Sanjaya Sirait / 211221024

Issue No./Date of Issue : 15 November 2023

Program Studi Teknik Aeronautika Jurusan Teknik Mesin

Politeknik Negeri Bandung AMTO 147D-14

Practical Training Guide

1 Form No.: TTFM-F18

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▪ Trainee Guidelines:

· Read the applicable Procedures/maintenance manuals and maintenance instructions.

· Observe demonstration of the task elements by the Practical Instructor.

· Answer each question correctly.

· Perform (P), simulate (S), observe(O) or discuss (D) the task elements as directed by the Practical Instructor.

· Sign and date each page of the Practical Training Guide and Performance Evaluation Checklist in the spaces provided after the Practical Instructor sign.

▪ Practical Instructor’s Guidelines:

· Conduct an in-depth walk-through of the system with the trainee.

· Demonstrate each the tasks following the prescribed procedures.

· Cover the procedures/maintenance manuals and maintenance instructions with the trainee.

· Ask the trainee the questions on the Practical Training Guide and Performance Evaluation Checklist and credit each correct answer by placing your initials in the space provided.

·

· Coach the trainee during a hands-on practice session using the procedure and the Practical Training Guide and Performance Evaluation Checklist as guides.

·

· Observe the trainee as the trainee performs the task elements and credit satisfactory performance by placing your initials in the spaces provided.

·

· Grant Task Qualification if the trainee answers all questions and performs all steps according to the Practical Training Evaluation Standard.

·

· If Task Qualification is not granted, see the Manager/General Manager to inform accordingly

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· Coach the trainee until satisfactory, unassisted performance is attained and all questions are answered correctly by the trainee.

·

· Sign and date each page of the Practical Training Guide and Performance Evaluation Checklist and the practical training section on the back page of the Practical Training Guide and Performance Evaluation Checklist as training is completed.

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Course Code : 21AER2066 Course Title : Aircraft Maintenance Practice-2 Modul/Task No. : MP05.B.09 Modul/Task Title : Aircraft Weight & Balance Trainee No : 211221024 Trainee Name : Trisna Daud Sanjaya Sirait Date of Practice : 15 Nov 2023 Location/Site : Aircraft Shop 1/2/3/4

Terminal Objective:

The trainee able to perform aircraft weighing and determine cg location of the aircraft refers to applicable references document/manual.

No. Enabling Objectives

01 Using relevant document, tools and equipment to prepare aircraft for weighing.

02 Using relevant document, tools and equipment to weigh an aircraft.

03 Using relevant document, tools and equipment to determine aircraft cg location.

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No Code Learning Step/Trainee/Student Prompt References

Trainee/

Student Sign 1 P Read through this Practical Training Guide

before conducting the instructed practice.

- 2 P Select aircraft to be weighted and prepare

relevant document, tools and equipment to weigh the aircraft.

POH, MM Cessna 172 Skyhawk chapter 08

3 P Position aircraft as appropriate prior to be weighted as required by aircraft maintenance manual.

4 P Position and set the balance scale platform in front of each landing gear.

5 P Position aircraft so that each landing gear sits on top of the balance scale platform.

6 P Read and note the balance scale indication on each landing gear:

Nose...lbs.

Left...lbs.

Right...lbs.

7 P Complete the weight and balance report as given in the report notes below.

8 P Check cg location obtained on the given CG Envelope as shown in the report notes. Write your evaluation on the cg plotting result.

Cessna 172N Weighing.

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Data Result:

 Nose Landing Gear : 380.3 lbs

 Left Landing Gear : 598.5 lbs

 Right Landing Gear : 594.15 lbs

 Oil : 6 Quartz = 12.5 lbs

 Fuel : 358.85 lbs (Assume the fuel is full)

 Pilot (Trisna) : 156.5 lbs

 Co Pilot (Surya) : 145.5 lbs

 Left Passenger (Syifa) : 99.2 lbs

 Right Passenger (Windy) : 125.7 lbs

 Baggage : 120 lbs (Assume the baggage at maximum load)

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Reporting Notes:

Result of Aircraft Weighing

Item Weight Arm Moments CG

lb in (lb.in)/1000 (Total

Moment/Total Weight)*1000

Nose 380.3 -14 -5.3242

Left Main 598.5 56 33.516

Right Main 594.15 56 33.2724

Subtotal (Basic Empty Weight) 1572.95 61.4642 39.1

Result of Aircraft Weighing

Item Weight Arm Moments CG

lb in (lb.in)/1000 (Total

Moment/Total Weight)*1000

Nose 380.3 -14 -5.3242

Left Main 598.5 56 33.516

Right Main 594.15 56 33.2724

Subtotal (Basic Empty Weight) 1572.95 39.1 61.4642

Fuel 358.85 48 17.2248

Oil 12.5 -14 -0.175

Pilot & Copilot 302 37 11.174

Left Passenger 99.2 73 7.2416

Right Passenger 125.7 73 9.1761

Baggage 120 95 11.4

Misc.

Total Weight (Maximum Weight) 2591.2 117.5057 45.34799

CG Location on CG Moment Envelope

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Analyse/Evaluate the result of visualisation above, what could you say about the cg location resulting of the above calculation.

Write yours analyse/evaluation here:

The center of gravity is a critical factor in weight and balance. If the center of gravity is too far forward or aft, it can affect the aircraft's performance and controllability. Calculating weight and balance is essential for safe flight, and it is a skill that all pilots must master. The "center of gravity" or CG on an aircraft is the point of weight or center of mass, where all the weight seems to be at that point. When the CG is located at a position behind that point, or the rear weight, the aircraft will tend to be more unstable and easily stall, this situation is also known as tail-heavy.

Weight and balance are critical factors in the performance and safety of an aircraft. The weight of the aircraft and the distribution of that weight must be within certain limits to ensure safe operation. The weight and balance are determined by calculating the total weight of the aircraft and the position of its center of gravity (CG).

This is done by taking into account the weight of the empty aircraft, the weight of everything loaded on the aircraft, and the moments or measurements of the tendency of the weight to cause rotation at the fulcrum. The pilot is responsible for controlling the loading and fuel management, which are the two variable factors that can affect weight and balance. It is important for all pilots to understand the basic principles of weight and balance determination to ensure safe flying. The weight and balance specifics are unique to different aircraft, and the pilot operating handbook (POH) usually includes weight and balance examples for a specific aircraft model. It is also essential to follow the weight and balance restrictions of an aircraft, as overloading or improper balance can lead to serious safety issues.

To calculate the weight and balance of an aircraft, follow these general steps:

1. Prepare the tool that will use for weight and balance, like load cell, and the instrument.

2. Put the 3 load cell bellow main landing gear and nose landing gear, then record the result.

3. Find the empty weight of the aircraft from the pilot's operating handbook (POH) or aircraft flight manual (AFM).

4. Determine the weights of people, baggage, and fuel that will be loaded into the aircraft.

5. Multiply the weights by their respective arms (the distance from a reference point) to calculate the moments.

6. Add together the weights and the moments.

7. Determine if the center of gravity is within the permissible range for the aircraft

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After we determine all factor that can affect the CG, the result is 45.34799 CG, which is still in range of CG Location. However, the CG in normal category so we can change the moment if want in utility category. But, the conclude is the aircraft is balance.Write one or more paragraph of what you think after doing this task:

After doing the weight and balance practicum, we can find out what the weight and balance on the aircraft is like, then before doing the weight and balance practicum we must calibrate the weight and balance (W&B) instrument system for the 700 kg capacity load cell scale for the nose landing gear with scales to determine the weight point of the aircraft, check the maximum weight, which is the maximum weight of the aircraft and its contents, which depends on the purpose of the aircraft and the conditions in which the aircraft operates, and the weight of the aircraft must comply with the limits stated in the POH.

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Intentionally left blank, to be used as additional page for description or hand-sketching.

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PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION

TASK No.: MP05.B.09 Time Allocation : 12 Hours

TASK NAME : Weight and Balance JOB TITLE : Aircraf Maintenance Practice -2

MODUL : Aicraf Weight & Balancing TRAINEE NAME : Trisna Daud Sanjaya Sirait

DATE : 15 November 2023 TRAINEE NO. : 211221024

TERMINAL OBJECTIVE:

The trainee able to perform Aircraf Weight and Balancing

PROCESS WORKING PRODUCT

CRITERIA MARK CRITERIA MARK CRITERIA MARK

PREPARATION

1 Capability to use relevant tools / equipment/test equipment.

PERFROMANCE

1 Appropriate handling and working refer to

maintenance instructions

RESULTS1 No damage exists on part / assembly and tools / equipment (IMTE)

2 Understanding safety precautions

for trainee and the product. 2 Accuracy methods of

inspection/testing without missing any defects

2 The final display the correct as well as good proportion and size.

3 Systematically understand and find what is to be done and how to start working

3 Correct assembly disassembly and adjustment techniques

3 Accomplishment as set time allocation.

Criteria Sub Total Criteria Sub Total Criteria Sub Total

STANDARD CRITERIA 70 STANDARD CRITERIA 70 STANDARD CRITERIA 70

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DECLARATION OF COMPETENCY

Herewith task qualification that the person mentioned above has been perform competency as aircraf structure technicians refer to AMTO POLBAN Training Program found in the AMTO POLBAN Curriculum meet to requirements of Civil Aviation Safety Regulation CASR – Part 65.

The trainee has completed classroom and practical training requirement and is ready for performance evaluation on the following tasks numbers

ELEMENTS OF THE MARK FOR THE PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT TASK

PERFORMANCE ELEMENT CRITERIA STANDARD MAR

K

The Preparation Criteria 70

The Performance Criteria 70

The Result Criteria 70

TOTAL 210/3

OVERALL RESULTS PASS/FAIL

Trainee Name : Trisna Daud Sanjaya Sirait Instructor Name :

Trainee No. : 211221024 Instructor No. :

Date : 15 November 2023 Date :

Signature

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Signature :