This paper has been approved to be examined by the examination board of the Department of English, Faculty of Arts. This paper is submitted as partial fulfillment to obtain the degree of Sarjana Sastra at the English Department, Faculty of Arts. First of all, I would like to thank Allah SWT for blessing me to complete this paper at the right time.
There were many problems and difficulties I had in the process of writing this paper because of the limited knowledge and my references. I would like to take this opportunity to express my utmost gratitude to everyone who is supporting me in completing this paper. I realize that this paper is not complete, therefore comments, constructive criticism, suggestions and new ideas will be much needed to improve this paper.
Finally, I hope this paper can be worthwhile for students of Faculty of Letter Warmadewa University and other readers in general those who want to develop the study of projection. This paper attempts to analyze and discuss about forms of projection, forms of projecting clauses and how they are projected.
INTRODUCTION
- Background and Problems
- Scope of Discussions
- Theoretical Basis
- Methods of Research
I think the challenge of this research is how to determine a form of projective clause, because projection has different forms. The general purpose of this writing is to apply my knowledge which was obtained during my studies at the Faculty of Literature at Warmadewa University. I hope that the result of this research will be useful for those who are interested in it.
The specific purpose of this writing is to get a current specific analysis in the linguistic field, especially in the semantic field about projection. The specific purpose of this research is to learn more about types of projection, the form of projection clauses and how they are projected. The purpose of this writing is to fulfill the main requirements of the Srata-1 in my study.
The other relevant theory related to the topic of this paper can be seen on the bibliography page. The data source for this research was taken from the English novel titled Something From Tiffany's by Mellisa Hill which was published in 2001.
RELATED STUDIES
Clause
In example (3), the clause, Queen Victoria regarded him as a genius, is formed by the element of the Subject Queen Victoria, the Verb regarded, Object him, and the Complement a genius. Independent clause is a clause to form a simple sentence, in other words independent clause is clause that can stand alone. In example (2), the independent clause is I think and the dependent clauses are you can do and if you try.
Other definitions of clause are given by Leech in his book entitled A Communicative Grammar of English, He said that clause is as follows:. One element in the clause is pronounced the Theme: it combines with the rest (Rheme) so that the two parts together form a message. The Theme can be identified as the element that comes in the first position in the clause.
Theme is the starting point for the message; that is what the clause is going to be about. The clause is the most significant grammatical units, because of it the clause acts as representation of processes.
Relation Between Clause
The following example: "I worry when I have to drive slowly" and "I have to drive slowly when it rains" together do not mean "I worry when it rains".
The Logical – Semantic Relation
- Projection
- Kinds of Projection
- Report / Locution
- Idea
- Fact
- Quoting (Direct Speech) (Parataxis)
- Reporting (Indirect Speech) (Hypotaxis) Halliday states that hypotaxis is as follow
- Reporting Speech, Quoting thought
- Projecting offers and commands
- Free Indirect Speech
- Embedded Locutions and Ideas
- Report / Locution
- Report in form of Statement in Parataxis relation
- Report in form of Statement in Hypotaxis relation
- Report in form of Question in Parataxis relation
- Report as a statement expressed an Offer in Parataxis relation
- Report as a question expressed an Offer in Parataxis relation
- Report as a statement expressed a Command in Parataxis relation In this case, I discuss the reports as a statement but in express a command
- Report as an imperative expressed a Command in Parataxis relation The third form of reports is an imperative. It can be expressed a command
- Report as a statement expressed a Suggestion in Parataxis relation The next discussion is still report in formed of statement. It can be
- Report as a question expressed a Suggestion in Parataxis relation
- Report as an imperative expressed a Suggestion in Parataxis relation The third form of reports is an imperative, but in this case, the report can
- Idea
- Idea in form of Statement in Parataxis relation
- Idea in form of Statement in Hypotaxis relation
He said: "I can", the function of the projection is a proposition and the taxis are a quote (parataxis), but He said he could: the taxis are hypotaxis (reported). It is projected paratactically from the primary sentence, says Vanessa, formed, for example, by a verbal process and marked by quotation marks. It is projected paratactically from the primary sentence, she said, formed by, for example, a verbal process and marked by quotation marks.
In example (5), 'I missed you, buttercup' is a statement because it is projected paratactically from the primary sentence he said and is formed by, for example, a verbal process, and the statement is marked by quotation marks. It is projected hypotactically from the primary sense, He said, and is formed by, for example, a verbal process. It is projected hypotactically from the primary sentence She said and formed by, for example, a verbal process.
It is projected paratactically from primary clause which he ordered and formed by verbal process order. In example (2), "Go ahead and open yours first, OK," is a locative because it is paratactically projected from primary clause Ethan said and is formed by verbal process say. In example (3), "Go on, open it," is a locative or report because it is projected from primary clause Daisy said and is formed by verbal process say.
Come here", is a locative, because it is projected from the primary sentence he said and is formed from the verbal process say. Just a drawing' is a locative because it is projected from the primary sentence that Daisy said and is formed from the verb process to say. In example (1), "Look, I think we should go back now", is a locative because it is pre-tactically projected from the primary sentence Daisy said and is formed by the verb process say.
It is designed by the primary clause she finally said and is formed by the verbal process they say. In example (3), "Why don't we switch to the sofa for this?" is a locative because it is projected from the primary sentence she said and is formed by process words. In example (3), "Why don't you go, then?" is a locative because it is projected from the primary sentence she said and is formed by words of speech.
In example (1), "Okay, let's arrange room service," is a word because it is projected from the primary clause he said, which was formed by the word process say. The clause Today looked particularly beautiful is categorized as an idea because it is projected paratactically from the primary clause he thought and formed by the mental process of thought. It is paratactically projected from the primary clause she thought and formed by the mental process of thought.
It is paratactically projected from primary clause he thought and formed by mental process thinking.
CONCLUSION
Conclusion
Suggestion
In this way, I would like to suggest readers, especially students of the Department of English, Faculty of Literature, Warmadewa University, who are interested in analyzing the projection to be serious about doing a more thorough analysis. Students should be serious in learning semantics so that they can understand it more clearly.
