In this book Diet Quality: An Evidence-Based Approach we cover all the important facets of diet quality. Bendich served as Associate Editor for "Nutrition", the International Journal; served on the editorial board of the Journal of Women's Health and Gender-based Medicine and served on the board of directors of the American College of Nutrition.
Introductory Chapters
Reproduction, Pregnancy, and Women
Life Stages: Children and Seniors
Foods and Dietary Components
Celia Monteagudo Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Fátima Olea-Serrano Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Diet Quality: Setting the Scene
An Evidence-Based Approach
Department of Business and Social Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, PO Box 550, Truro, NS, Canada, B2N 5E3 e-mail: [email protected].
Reinforcement and Attachment Style as Underlying Mechanisms
Least squares means of daily high-sugar and/or high-fat food intake in children and adults (N = 148 parent/child dyads) were calculated for the low-avoidance (M − 1 SD) and high-avoidance (M + 1SD) groups. Least squares means of daily high-sugar and/or high-fat food intake in children and adults (N = 148 parent/child dyads) were calculated for low-anxiety (M − 1SD) and high-anxiety (M + 1SD) groups.
Diet Quality and Its Potential Cost Savings
Surprisingly, only limited studies have examined the relationship between diet quality and health care costs for the government or for individuals. In addition, very few studies have examined whether diet quality can predict future healthcare costs. However, whether higher nutritional quality translates into lower healthcare costs over time has rarely been studied.
Diet quality and health care costs in middle-aged women in Australia Data used in this analysis were derived from the middle-aged cohort of the ALSWH. It is surprising that so few economic evaluations of the relationship between diet quality and health care costs have been undertaken. Diet quality is associated with higher nutrient intake and self-rated health in middle-aged women.
Reproduction, Pregnancy, and Women: Diet Quality
In the first trial, 42 girls experiencing dysmenorrhea were placed into two groups of 21 each. Women using fish oil plus B12 reported a significant decrease in the intensity of menstrual pain and some associated symptoms. However, the role of calcium in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea has been subject to controversial results.
The efficacy of magnesium in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea has also been evaluated in three small randomized controlled trials. Improvement in dysmenorrhoea symptoms was attributed to a decrease in PGF2α levels and a direct muscle relaxant and vasodilator effect. Among the female participants, a significant improvement in all symptoms of dysmenorrhea was observed after the inclusion of dairy products in the diet (P <0.001).
Dietary Quality • Dietary Patterns • Pregnancy Outcomes • Nutrition • Fetal Growth • Preterm Birth • Neural Tube Defects • Nutritional Indices. Nevertheless, evaluation of dietary patterns and quality of nutrition in the pregnant population and its impact on fetal growth is rare. Only three birth cohorts assessed the effect of diet quality on fetal growth by assessing diet quality indices/scales.
Evidence from intervention studies: There is limited evidence from intervention studies assessing the effect of diet quality on fetal growth. Criteria used to define overall maternal diet in the intervention study (Khoury et al. 2005). Similarly, a study in the USA found that a high-quality maternal diet measured by two different indices - the Diet Quality Index (DQI) and the MDS - in the preconceptional period was associated with a reduced risk of NTD [58.
Diet Quality in Pregnancy
Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Murcia (Spain), Murcia, Spain. Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain.
A Focus on Requirements and the Protective Eff ects
Thyroxine interferes with the development of the nervous system, and adequate iodine intake is especially important in the first trimester. The need for folic acid increases significantly during pregnancy due to the formation of new tissue and the growth and development of the fetus. Many studies have looked at the link between fish/fish oil consumption and the protection and development of the newborn.
It is therefore necessary to develop strategies to redefine and promote the consumption of fish and shellfish in the context of the Mediterranean pattern of healthy eating. A dietary assessment index for pregnant women should take into account the supply of the specific nutrients discussed above in this chapter. Olive oil during pregnancy is associated with reduced wheezing in the first year of life of the offspring.
Maternal Dietary Counselling and Children’s Diet Quality
Five hundred and fifty-two in the intervention (four communities) and 473 in the control (four communities). WAZ was 0.63 higher and WHZ was 0.74 higher in the intervention group than the comparison. One hundred children aged 12-24 months were in the intervention group and 102 matched children were enrolled in the control group.
Children in the intervention group presented higher intake of fruit and vegetables as well as greater dietary variety (Table 8.5. Maternal dietary counseling in the first year of life is associated with a higher healthy eating index in childhood. Maternal dietary counseling in the first year of life is associated with a higher healthy eating -index in childhood.
Diet Quality, Micronutrient Intakes and Economic Vulnerability
Micronutrient intake • Micronutrient adequacy • Dietary quality • Gender • Physiological vulnerability • Food allocation within the household • Poverty • Food insecurity.
This chapter aims to describe women's vulnerability to low dietary quality in terms of micronutrient intake and to examine how economic disadvantage can further exacerbate this vulnerability, based on a literature review. This chapter focuses on the adequacy of micronutrient intakes, which is both one dimension of diet quality and one determinant of micronutrient status. In addition, at the population level, simple dietary diversity indicators have been shown to be strongly associated with micronutrient intakes and adequacy, as explained in the chapter "Diet quality in developing countries", and can therefore serve as proxy indicators of this dimension of diet quality for populations.
Economic vulnerability, as assessed by socioeconomic status, has been shown to be strongly related to diet quality and micronutrient intakes in developing countries. Studies comparing intakes of different socioeconomic groups generally find that diet quality and micronutrient adequacy increase with increasing socioeconomic status [36. Both diet quality and micronutrient intake vary with socioeconomic status in developing countries, and food security is an important factor. determines the quality of the diet.
Interventions to Improve Dietary Quality in Children
Important correlates of diet quality in children include family meals (+ diet quality) [15], consumption of fast food or food outside the home (−diet quality) [16], availability of fruits and vegetables at home (+ diet quality). snacking frequency (−diet quality for sugar and fat but +diet quality for fruit) [ 19 ] and meal skipping (− diet quality) [ 20. Author, program, location Population Intervention Behavioral goals and theory or constructs Dietary measures and time points Findings Perry et al., 5-a-Day- Power-Plus Program, USA Author, program, location Population Intervention Behavioral goals and theory or constructs Dietary measures and time points Findings Reynolds et al., High 5 Project, USA.
Author, program, location Population intervention Objectives and behavioral theory or constructs Dietary measures and time points Findings DiNoia et al., Computer-mediated intervention, USA. There is still no standard definition of diet quality in the pediatric dietary intervention literature. Low energy density diets are associated with high diet quality among adults in the United States.
Free Fruit for School Children to Improve Food Quality
The decrease in unhealthy snacks was greatest within the schools included in the national free school fruit program (−2.6 times/week). A positive side effect of free school fruit appears to be a reduction in the consumption of unhealthy snacks. Free school fruit is much more effective in increasing school children's FV intake than a subscription program.
Free school fruit could lead to a persistently elevated FV intake, even after the period of free fruit. All in all, a free school fruit program seems to be an effective attempt to improve the food quality of school children. Free participation in the English School Fruit Programme: eating more fruit and vegetables results in fewer unhealthy snacks.
Diet Quality in Childhood: Impact on Growth
To date, few studies in children and adolescents have used the RRR method to address diet quality (Table 12.2. These data suggest that diet quality in childhood was not independently associated with body composition at the onset of puberty Principal component factor Cutler et al. To date, Five cross-sectional studies in children and young people have directly investigated the relationship between diet quality using diet quality indices and body composition.
In this study, nutritional quality in preadolescents was not independently associated with later body composition. Emerging evidence suggests a relevance of dietary quality to both body composition development and the timing of puberty. Diet quality in childhood is prospectively associated with the time of puberty, but not with body composition at the onset of puberty.
Viewing and Video Games Playing
The Revised Children's Diet Quality Index (DQI) was developed by Kranz et al., using the US Dietary Guidelines for Preschool Children (aged 2-5 years). Like younger children, food advertising plays a significant role in the negative effect of television viewing on young people's diet quality. Limiting television viewing time can reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks and positively influence the quality of diet in childhood.
Only one of the recently published studies assessing the effect of television viewing in relation to diet quality has used a complex DQI. However, there are rather few studies addressing the unique effect of video games in the diet quality of children and adolescents (Table 13.4. Diet quality of adolescents in southern Spain evaluated by a Mediterranean adaptation of the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) ).
Parental Perceptions
Who Holds the Reins?
The impact of parental perceptions (knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, self-efficacy) on diet quality of a child. Parents can be a strong positive influence (good role model, encourage high-quality choices, exposure to a wide variety of healthy choices), or conversely, a powerful negative influence (set a poor example, make the easy and often less healthy choice, low quality food rewards, inappropriate snacking, lack of control or heavy restriction) on diet quality. In addition, the common parental perception that they have little or no control over their child's eating behavior can also lead to adverse diet quality.
To improve their child's diet quality (i.e. encourage them to eat their vegetables) or ensure their child is eating enough, they need to push the child to eat or use 'preference'. That their child has adequate dietary quality because the parent packed the child's lunch for school and limited snacks at home (assumption). Parents rate their child's diet quality as high because they eat everything served.
