Significance of Ergonomics in Occupational Health and Safety

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Tim :

Putut Suprijadi, S.T., M.T.

Ir. Budi Sulistiyo Nugroho, S.T., M.P.H., IPM., ASEAN Eng

Energi untuk Negeri

Putut Suprijadi, S.T., M.T.

Gombong 2 Putri 1 Putra 0812-2627-8819

Tim Teaching

Ir. Budi Sulistiyo Nugroho, S.T., M.P.H., IPM., ASEAN Eng Yogyakarta,

1 Putri 1 Putra

0811-270-3359

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• ERGONOMIC BIRTHDAY:

12 JULY 1949

(British Scientist: K.F.H. Murrel di Inggris, The Human Research Group, Interdisciplinary)

16 FEBRUARY 1950 (Inauguration)

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PENTINGNYA ERGONOMI

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Ergonomi Chemical Noise Vibration Biological Psychosocial Other

56%

20%

15%

3% 2% 1% 3%

Data NEBOSH

(National Examination Board Occupational Safety and Health)

Accident, Incident,

Occupational illness

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ERGONOMI 5 W + 1 H

ERGONOMI

What Why Where When Who How

• Yunani

• Ergon (kerja)

• Nomos (aturan)

• Fit The Job to The Human

• Fit The Human to The Job

• Fit The Product to the User

• Comfort

• Cost

• Occupational illness

• Work

performance

Anywhere • 24 hour

• Healthy

• Safe

• Comfortable

All components of society without exception

(infancy to adulthood)

• Artwork

• Understand in detail

• Kaizen 5S/5C/5R

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Ergonomi ???

PENERAPAN

Sesajen (Gebogan) tingginya 2,5 m

berat 50 kg

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PENERAPAN

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Seiri

整理

Seiton

整頓

Seiso

清楚

Seiketsu

清潔

Shitsuke

躾け

Susun Rapi Ringkas

Sisih

Resik Sapu

Rawat Seragam

Rajin Senantiasa Amal

Clearout &

Classify

Configure

Clean &

Check

Conformity

Custom &

Practice

SISTEM ERGONOMI

Cost Delivery Quality &

Safety System &

Standard Culture &

Attitude

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PENERAPAN

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PENERAPAN

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PENERAPAN

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PENERAPAN

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ERGONOMI

NAMA LAIN

Work Physiology Psychotechnology

Occupational Psychology Engineering Psychology Man Machine System Human Factor Design Human Engineering

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Improving physical and mental well-being through efforts to prevent work-related injuries and illnesses, reducing physical and mental workload, seeking promotions and job satisfaction

Improving social welfare through improving the quality of social contacts, managing and coordinating work effectively and increasing social security both during the productive age period and after being unproductive

TUJUAN ERGONOMI

Creating a rational balance between various aspects:

technical, economic, anthropological and cultural of

each work system carried out, so as to create a high

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Benefit Ergonomic

Work Done Faster

Increased Work Quality

Less risk of accidents Higher Work

Motivation Production

Increases Low Time

Wasted

Reduced Worker Overtime Small Extra Fee

Material Costs Go Down Less Fatigue

Less Risk Of Disease

Decreasing Medical Costs

MANFAAT ERGONOMI

Wesley E Woodson

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SASARAN ERGONOMI

Finding ways to use your energy and time at work more efficiently, which can help you complete tasks more quickly. To

do this, you can use various strategies to help you prioritize your work, helping you identify the most important tasks

A man (safe)

S ehat (hygiene)

N yaman (satisfying)

E fektif (effective)

E fisien (efficient)

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HUBUNGAN ERGONOMI DAN K3

Sistem Kerja

Accident &

Occupational illness

Safe, Comfort, Work Performance

Human

Capabilities Job

Demands

Balancing

Human Centered

Human Machine Environment With Industry

Robot Humanoid

Indonesia

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Energi untuk Negeri 19 Human and

Behavioral Interaction

Human and Job Interaction

Human and Organization Interaction Human and

Machine Interaction

Human and Environment

Interaction

Machine and Environment

Interaction

KOMPONEN ERGONOMI

Human Relations With Industry Human Centered Design

LINGKUP SISTEM KERJA

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Pemerintah Masyarakat

Lingkup Sistem Kerja

Perbandingan Manusia vs Mesin

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40 50 60 70 80 90 100

20 30 40 50 60

PRIA

WANITA

USIA JE N IS KE LA M IN

KEKUATAN OTOT DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN USIA DAN JENIS KELAMIN

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ERGONOMIC Ruang Lingkup

PHYSIQUE

Anatomy, Anthropometric, Physiological and Biomechanical Topics: work posture, manual material handling, layout

Work Organization

Optimization of socio-technical, organizational structure, policies and work processes

Topics: communication, HR management, job/task design.

Work rest time, work team etc

Cognitive

Mental processes: perception, memory, reasoning

Topics: mental workload, decision making, interactions, work stress, etc

Work environment

Lighting, work climate, noise,

vibration

Topics: work space design,

acoustics, house keeping, use

of PPE

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ERGONOMIC

Micro Ergonomics Micro work system

Human factors, machines (machines, tools, equipment) and work environment (lighting, noise, temperature, humidity, etc.)

Macro Ergonomics

Macro work system (wider)

Human factors, work (work, job, task), social environment (vertical or horizontal) and work environment (work station, company, work network, country or world)

Ruang Lingkup

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Enam Pilar Ergonomi

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Personal Capacity

Personal Capacity Psychologycal Capacity Psychologycal

Capacity

Biomechanical Capacity Biomechanical

Capacity Physiological Capacity Physiological

Capacity Work

Capacity Work Capacity

Material

Characteristic Task/Work Place Characteristic

Organizational

Characteristic Environmental Characteristic Task

Demands

Keseimbangan Ergonomi

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WORK CAPACITY

including age, gender, anthropometry, education, experience, social status, religion and belief, health status,

body fitness, etc.

PERSONAL CAPACITY

includes cardiovascular ability and endurance, muscle nerves, five senses, etc.

PHYSIOLOGICAL CAPACITY

related to mental ability, reaction time, adaptability, emotional stability, etc.

PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPACITY

relating to the ability and

endurance of the joints and joints, tendons and bones.

BIOMECHANICAL CAPACITY

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TASK DEMAND

Mean how hard and how long people will need to work to complete it, and activities should be carefully thought out and structure for a target audience, task should have both structure and demands

determined by the characteristics of equipment and machines, type, work speed and rhythm, etc

TASK AND MATERIAL

related to working hours and rest hours, night work and shifts, leave and holidays, management, etc

ORGANIZATION

related to human colleagues, temperature and humidity, noise and vibration, lighting, socio-culture, norms, customs and habits, polluting materials, etc.

ENVIRONMENTAL

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PERFORMANCE

It really depends on the ratio of the magnitude of the task demands to the extent of the abilities concerned

1. If the ratio of task demands is greater than a person's ability or work capacity, the final appearance will occur in the form of:

discomfort, overstress, fatigue, accidents, injuries, pain, illness, and unproductiveness.

2. If the task demands are lower than a person's ability or work capacity, then the final appearance will occur in the form of:

under stress, boredom, boredom, lethargy, illness, and unproductiveness.

3. In order for the appearance to be optimal, there needs to be a

dynamic balance between the demands of the task and the

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 Penerapan Ergonomi dapat berupa:

Rancang Bangun (design)

Rancang Ulang (re-design)

Aktivitas Rancang Bangun (Design) dan Rancang Ulang (Re-Design), meliputi:

• Design/re-design perkakas kerja (tool), bangku kerja (benches), kursi, alat pengendali (control), dll.

• Design pekerjaan pada organisasi, misal: waktu istirahat, pembagian shift kerja, variasi kerja, dll.

• Design sistem kerja untuk mengurangi rasa nyeri dan ngilu terhadap sistem kerja kerangka dan otot manusia, kelelahan, ketidaknyamanan visual dan postur tubuh.

• Design dan evaluasi produk, untuk memberikan rasa aman dan nyaman terhadap para pemakainya.

Penerapan Ergonomi

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• Contoh kasus Studi Perancangan Sistem Kerja, untuk kasus design interior kendaraan bermotor, diantaranya:

• Acces (getting in and out)

• Resistant

• Visibility

• Seating

• Displys (visibility lighting, spidometer, gas-meter, temperatur)

• Controls (mudah dijangkau, kemudahan identifikasi dan operasi, posisi, pergerakan standar)

• Lingkungan (ventilasi, panas langsung, sharp-countur unt panel)

Penerapan Ergonomi

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Tugas Praktik Penerapan Ergonomi

• Berkelompok

• Ruang lingkup ergonomic (lingkungan kerja, kognitif, organisasi)

• Keseimbangan dalam ergonomic (task demand & work capacity)

• Cara kerja, system kerja dan lingkungan kerja serta

performa kerja yang ergonomis bagi seorang mahasiswa