Smithsonian miscellaneous collections

CATALOGUE. NORTH AMERICAN REPTILES IN. THE MUSEUM OF THE. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.. PART I— SERPENTS. S.. F.. BAIRD. AND. C.. GIRARD.. WASHINGTON:. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. JANUARY,. 1. 853..

Accepted for publication, November, 1852.. JOSEPH HENKY, Secretary S.. .PHILADELPniA: COLLINS, PRINTER,. 705. JATNE STREET.. I..

CONTENTS. Page. Preface Introduction Explanation of Terms used Synopsis of Families and Genera, and Systematic Index of Species of North American Serpents. Genus Crotalus Crotalophobus Agkistrodon. — — — — — — — — —. — — — — — — —. — — — — — — — — — — —. vii. ix. 1. 11. 17. toxicophis. 1^. Elaps. 21. Eutainia. 24. Nerodia Regina. 45. NiNiA. 40. Heterodon. 51. PiTUOPHlS. 64. 38. scotophis. ''^. Ophibolus. 82. Georgia Bascanion. 92 93. 98. Masticophis. Salvadora. 104. Leptophis. 106. Chlorosoma. 1C8. CONTIA. 110. DiADOPIIIS. 11^ 11^'. LODIA. —. "^. ^ii. 11". SONORA PiHINOSTOMA. 118. RniNOCiiEiLus. 120. Haldea Farancia Abastor Virginia. ;. 122 12'^. 125 12". Celuta Tantilla Osceola. 128. Rtoeebia. 135. 131. 133. AVenona. 139. Rena. 142.

CONTENTS.. j^. Page. Species examined, of which no Specimens are in POSSESSION OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. 145. Species described by authors, but of -which no B. Specimens could be obtained. 150. APPENDIX. A.. APPENDIX. Species collected on the United States and C. Boundary Survey by John H. Clark and Arthur Schott, under Maj. Wm. H. Emory, and received too late for. APPENDIX Mexican. insertion in their proper places. APPENDIX. D.. 15G. Index of Sources from which the Specimens have. been received.. Index of States and Territories from which E. Specimens have been received. .162. APPENDIX. Alphabetical Index. 164 165. 1.. Vernacular Names. 165. 2.. Systematic Names. 167.

PREFACE.. In the present catalogue. it is. proposed to present a systematic ac-. count of the collection of North American Serpents in the. museum. In the Appendix will be found such. of the Smithsonian Institution.. species not in possession of the Institution, as could be borrowed for descriptioUj as well as notes. on more or. less authentic species of. which. no specimens could be found.. A complete. sjnonomy of. as tending to swell the. the species has not been attempted,. all. bulk of a catalogue too much.. All those,. however, necessary to a proper understanding of the history or character of the species, have been introduced,. and. all. the. synonyms. quoted have been actually verified by original reference.. Owing. to the. want of. osteological preparations, it has. been a. cult task to arrange the genera in a natural succession.. now combined which. cases forms are. widely separated.. The almost. works upon the Coluhridcv, has. will hereafter necessarily. entire deficiency of also. correct idea of a natural system.. diffi-. many. In. be modern general. been a serious obstacle. to. any. The forthcoming work of M. M.. undoubtedly clear up much of the obscurity which now. Dumeril. will. exists.. But when systematic. writers. carefully avoid the subject. all. of the Ophidians, each waiting for the others to. make. the. first. step,. the attempt to combine genera by well marked, though perhaps artificial. points of relation, will. it is. hoped be looked upon with indul-. gence, even after more comprehensive and extended investigations shall render. The. it. necessary to break up the combinations here adopted.. collections. upon which the. original descriptions of the present. catalogue have been based are as follows. Spencer. F.. Baird.. Species from. :. Massachusetts,. New. York,. Ohio, and Pennsylvania,. Charles Girard. Maine, Massachusetts, and South Carolina. Rev. Charles Fox. Species from Eastern Michigan. Dr. p. R. Hoy. Species from Eastern Wisconsin. Prof. L. Agassiz. Lake Superior, Lake Huron, and Florida. V.

PREFACE.. ,,;. Dr. J. P. Gr.. KiRTLAND.. Northern Ohio.. Western Pennsylvania.. W. Fahnestock.. Miss Valeria Blaney.. Eastern Shore of Maryland.. Dr. C. B. R. Kennerly. Northern Virginia. John H. Clark. Maryland, Texas, New Mexico, and Sonora.. John Varden.. District of. Columbia and Louisiana.. Barratt. Western South Carolina. Dr. Miss Charlotte Paine and Mrs. M. E. Daniel. J. B.. Western. S.. Carolina.. Dr.. Barker.. B.. S.. Charleston, S.. C. Holmes and Dr. W. J. Burnett. South R. R. Cuyler and Dr. W. L. Jones. Georgia. Prof. F.. S.. D. C. Lloyd.. James. Eastern Mississippi.. Shumard. Dr. B. F.. Carolina.. Fairie.. Capts. R. B.. and Col. B. L. C. Wailes.. Mississippi.. Mexico and Western Louisiana.. Marcy. and G. B. McClellan, U.. S.. Red. A.. River, Ark.. Ferdinand Lindheimer.. Graham, U.. Col. J. D.. Central Texas.. S.. A.. The specimens. Mex. Boundary Survey, by Mr. Mexico, and Sonora.. the U. S. and. Texas,. New. collected while. H. Clark,. J.. on. viz., in. Maj. W. H. Emory. Specimens collected on the U. S. and Mexican Boundary Survey, by Arthur Schott, at Eagle Pass, Tex., and by. H. Clark, in Texas and New Mexico. Valley of S. Churchill, U. S. A.. J.. Gen.. Dr. L. Edwards, LL Dr.. Wm. Gambel.. Dr.. John. Dr. C. C.. S.. A.. New Mexico. Le Conte. Boyle and J.. and California.. Littoral California.. L.. Dr. a. J. Skilton.. the Rio Grande.. Northern Mexico.. S.. Bowman.. Central California.. Species collected in California by. Henry. Moores, Esq.. U.. S.. Exploring Expedition.. Littoral California. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philad.. and Oregon.. Various unique. specimens described by Dr. Holbrook.. Boston Society of Natural History.. California.. SPENCER Assist. Sec. S. I. in. Smithsonian Institution,. January. 5,. 1853.. "). J. F.. BAIRD,. charge of Museum..

INTRODUCTION.. EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED.. The. one in the middle of the head. vertical plate is the central. above, having on each side of. upper part of the. the sxqierciliaries, which form the. it. The two. orbit.. occipitals; the pair in front of. it,. plates behind the vertical are the. the postfrontols.. The prefrontals. or anterior frontaU are situated in front of the postfrontals. and terminating the snout. terior to these. is. ;. and an-. The. the rostral.. plates. immediately in front of the eye are the anteorhitals ; those behind. In advance of the anteorbital. are the postorhitals.. is. tween which and the rostral are the two nasals, with the tween them. lower jaws. labials. The. iipper. and lower. The temporal. and the. labials. it. the loral, benostril be-. margin the upper and. shields are situated between the upper. The inframaxillary. occipitals.. or mental scutellte. or shields are just within the lower labials.. The arrangement on the top. of the head of one rostral,. two pairs. of frontals, one vertical with one superciliary on each side, and one pair of occipitals. we have considered. as typical or normal, from. but few of the genera described vary.. Sometimes one. which. plate occupies. the place of the two prefrontals, and in some genera a second median plate. is. On. seen between the rostral, frontals, and vertical.. of the head. we have sometimes but one. the loral or the anteorhitals dition exists,. it is. has disappeared. ing plate. ;. if this. may. sometimes. A. nasal,. be wanting.. diificult at first to. the side. and sometimes either. Where. the latter con-. determine which plate. clue is to be found in the shape of the remain-. be longitudinal,. it is. probably the loral. or divided into two or more, one above the other,. sidered as anteorbital.. The. it. ;. is. if vertical,. to. be con-. loral belongs to the postfrontals,. and. the anteorbital to the vertical, the posterior edges in the former and vii.

INTRODUCTION.. viii. Thus, when the ver-. the anterior in the latter generally ranging.. very short, the anteorbital. tical plate is. entirely,. is. wanting. also short or. and the same relation holds good between the. loral. and. postfrontals.. The specimen whose measurements. are. first. given, unless stated to. the contrary, has served as the type of the description, and the. mentioned species. Of. the five. indicates the. The second. is to. numbers given at the end number of the abdominal. of the descriptions, the scutellae. from chin. that of the pairs of subcaudal scutellae. is. dorsal rows or the. first. be considered as the type of the genus.. number. ;. the third, the. of rows of scales around the. The fourth number shows. cluding the abdominal series). length of the animal, and the. fifth. the length of the. first. to anus.. tail,. body. (ex-. the entire in English. inches.. In referring. to the dorsal rows, the exterior one, or that. scutellae, is considered to. When. there are two. be the. first,. numbers separated by the symbol. ginning of the measurements, the. abdominal. unless the contrary. first. indicates the. next the. is stated.. at the be-. number. of entire. scutellae, the latter of those that are bifid or divided.. The. subcaudal scutellae are to be considei'ed as divided or in pairs, unless. mentioned. to the contrary.. In enumerating the number of labial plates, those on one side of the jaws only are to be understood, and the terminal and median one. on the symphysis of the upper and lower maxillaries cluded. is. On. the upper jaw that plate. is. at the. is. never in-. end of the snout, and. the rostral.. The. descriptions are all based on specimens preserved in alcohol,. unless otherwise stated..

INTRODUCTION.. Synopsis of Families and Genera, and list of Species of. North American Serpents.. Family. Few. Family. No. Crotalidae.. I.. teeth in upper jaw.. II.. A. Erectible poison. fangs,. deep pit between the eye and. — CoiiUBRiDAE.. in. front.. nostril.. Both jaws fully provided with. teeth.. anal appendages.. Family. III.. A.. Loral and anteorbital both present.. B.. Either loral or anteorbital absent.. Boidae.. Both jaws with. teeth.. Rudiments of. hinder limbs or spur-like anal appendages.. Family IV.. Typhlopidae.. the upper or lower.. Teeth only in one jaw, either. Upper jaw strongly. projecting.. Scales on the. belly instead of scutellse, disposed in several series like those on the. upper surface.. Family I.— CROTALIDiE.. Tail with a rattle.. Top ^ of head covered. scale-like plates. ...... Crotalus [^1,^!^ ->ith T^" large plates arranged as in Coluber Crotalophorus [. Tail without a rattle, /present Loral plate \ absent. Agkistrodon Toxicophis. 1. 11. 17. 19.

INTRODUCTION. Family II.— COLUBRIDiE. Loral and anteorhital both present.. ni. 1.2-2 §. fl-S. «. B'. S. 3. o| m o o o a s. S8lT?0g. 113S.I0(I.

INTRODUCTION.. Family. II.. — COLUBRID.ffi,. Loral or anteorhitals. B.. XI. continued. absent.. Page. one.. Anteorbitals absent. Prefrontals I. [. Loral. carinated. Haldea. smooth. Farancia....l2o. Abastor. two. Scales r, f One nasal smooth. Post- J ^^' \ Two nasals orbitals. smooth. absent. Scales. Scales. (one Postabdom.. f. ". ,. \ carinated. Family. III.. Virginia. Cehita Tantilla " entire ...Osceola Storeria. so. divided.... f. Cephalic plates con-. |. -j. sisting of. 125 127 129 131. 133 135. — BOIDiB. .Wenona...l39. Anteorbitals & r one. Loral one superciliaries \ three. Lorals two.. Family IV.. 122. .Charina....l54. —TYPHLOPIDiE.. Frontonasals, nasals, oculars, parietals, and Rena postparietals Prefrontals, frontal proper, fronto-nasals, nasals, oculars, pre- and supra-oculars,. 142. I. [. and parietals. Ophthalinidion...l55.

INTRODUCTION. Family II.— COLUBRIDiE. Loral and anteorhital both pi-escnt.. 'Ur-!«>-i_..,-inO.Sri. .. pqWSwSBpkCGOClJpqgCCHJlDOPhlCfi. n!. 3. S. 'in. to o o o.

INTRODUCTION.. Family. II.. COLUBRIDiE,. Loral or anteorhitals. B.. continued. absent.. Page. one.. Haldea. carinated Scales /. \ smooth Scales r, two. / One nasal smooth. Post- J Two nasals. Auteorbitals absent. Prefrontals. (_. orbitals. Loral. smooth. absent. Scales. (one. \/. ,. carinated. Family. Anteorbitals & f one. Loral one superciliaries \ three. Lorals two. Family IV.. .Abastor. Virginia Celuta. Postabdom. sc. divided... Tantilla " " entire ...Osceola Storeria. III.. 122. Farancia....l23 .125 127. 129 131 lo3 135. BOIDiE.. ,. Wenona...l39 Charina. ...1-54. TYPHLOPIDiE. Page. Frontonasals, nasals, oculars, parietals, and postparietals Rena.... .142 Prefrontals, frontal proper, fronto-nasals, nasals, oculars, pre- and supra-oculars, Ophthalmidion. .155 and parietals [. f. Cephalic plates consisting of. |. -j. j.

INTRODUCTION.. xii. Systematic Index of well-ascertained Species of North American Serpents. (^The. new. species are indicated. CROTALUS,. hy an. asterisk).. Linn. Page. Crotalus durissus, Linn. 1.. Penna., Louisiana, Mississippi... 2.. ". 3.* 4.. " ". lucifer, B.. 5.. ". conflueutiis, Sat. Arkansas, Texas. 6.*. ". Sonora. 7.. ". molossus, B. & G oregonus, IIoLBR. adamanteus, Beauv atrox, B. & G. & G. 3. Texas. 5. Oregon. 6 8. 10 145. Columbia Biver. CROTALOPHORUS, 1.. Gray.. Crotalophorus miliarius, HoLBR.... Georgia, South Carolina ". 2.*. censors,. & G. B.. 1. South Carolina. Texas. 11. 12. 3.. ". tergeminiis, Holer. Wise. Mich. Ohio. 14. 4.*. ". Edwardsii,. Mexico, Sonora. 15. 5.. ". & G Kirtlandii, HoLBR. Ohio. 16. B.. AGKISTRODON, Agkistrodou contortrix,. 1.. B.. &. TOXICOPHIS, Toxicophis piscivorus, B. & G •' 2.* pugnax, B. & G 1.. Elaps fulvius, Cuv. 2.*. ". tenere, B.. 3.*. ". tristis,. & G. B.&G. Eutainia saurita,. 2.* 3.. 4.. 5.* 6.. 7.*. ". B.. & G. & G & G infernalis, B. & G Pickeringii, B. & G parietalis, B. & G leptocephala, B. & G sirtalis, B. & G. Troost.. 19. 20. FiTZ.. South Carolina. 21. Texas. 22. Mississippi, Texas. 23. B.. &. G.. Mass., Penna., N. Y., Md., Va... 24. Louisiana. proxima,. Ark., Texas,. 10. 11.. & G ordinata, B. & G ordiuoides, B. & G. dorsalis, B.. New Mexico. 25. California. 26. Oregon. 27. Texas. 28. Oregon. 29. Me., Mich., N. Y., Penna., Md., Va., S.. 9.*. 25. Faireyi, B.. B.. 17. Texas. EUTAINIA, 1. C, La. Louisiana. ELAPS, 1.. Beauv.. G....Ohio, Penna., S.. C, Miss. 30. Texas. 31. Georgia. 32. California. 33.

INTRODUCTION.. Xill. Page. & G elegans, B. & G.. vagrans, B. & G Marciana, B. & G coucinua, B. & G..!. 12.* Eutainia radix, B. 13.*. ". 14.*. ". 15.*. ". 16.. ". AVisconsin. 34. California. 34. Mex., Cal., Oregon. 35. Ark., Texas. 3G. Oregon. NERODIA, 1.. Nerodia sipedon,. B.. & G & G. 2.. ". fasciata, B.. 3.. erythrogaster, B.. 4.*. " ". 5.*. " " ". 6.. 7.*. 9.. " ". 10.. ". 8.. & G. 1.. 2.. ". 3.*. " ". 4.*. & G Woodhousii, B. & G taxispilota, B. & G Holbrookii, B. & G rhombifer, B. & G transversa, B. & G. &G rigida, B. & G Grahamii, B. & G. leberis, B.. &G B.. 40 42. Georgia. 43. & G. 147. Arkansas. 147. Arkansas. 148. &. B.. G.. Texas. 47. Texas. 48. B.. &. G.. 49. Beauv.. Penna., Va., S.. Ga., S.. 5.. ". atmodes, B. & G simus, HoLBK. 6.. ". nasicus, B. &. S.. 2.. Pituophis melanoleucus, " belloua, B. & G " ". 3.* 4.. " ". 5.* 6.*. ". 3,*. ". C, Miss. 55 57. 59 61. HoLBR. 65. Texas, Cal., Sonora. 66. McClellauii, B. &. Arkansas. 68. catenifer, B.. California. 69. Oregon. 71. California. 72. G & G Wilkesii, B. & G annectens, B. & G. SCOTOPHIS, 1.. C. IIolbr... Carolina. Scotophis alleghaniensis, B.. 2.*. C, Miss. Ark., Texas, Sonera, Cal. PITUOPHIS, 1.. Ohio, Miss... 51. 54. Penna., S.. G. C,. Texas. niger, Troost. 4.*. 45. 46. ". 3.. Penna. Penna., Georgia. Mexico.. Heterodon platyrhinos, Latr " cognatus, B. & G. 1.. 43. Massachusetts. HETERODON, 2.*. 41. Texas. Mich., Ohio,. NINIA, Ninia diademata,. 1.*. 39. C Lake Huron. Louisiana. &G. Clarkii, B.. South Carolina La., S.. REGINA, Regina. G.. Mich., Mass., Penna.,N.Y., Md.. 88. Agassizii, B.. niger, B.. &. B.. 146. &. Lindheimerii, B. & G vulpinus, B. & G. B.. &. G.. G... Pennsylvania. 73. Texas. 74. Mich., Wise. 75.

INTRODUCTION.. XIV. Paga. 4.*. 5.* 6. 7.. 8.*. Scotophis confinis,. B.. & G. " ". & G guttatus, B. & G. " ". quadrivittatus, B.. South Carolina. tetus, B.. Emoryi,. S.. &. Ophibolus Boylii,. 2.*. ". 3.. ". 4.. ". 5.. ". G.. 7.*. " ". 8.. ". 9.*. ". &G. B.. splendidus, B. Sayi, B. & G. & G. ". 80 157. &. B.. G.. 82. Sonora. 83. La., Miss., Ark.,. & G. Texas. 84. C, Miss rhombomaculatus,B.&G..Ga., S. C eximius, B. & G Mass., N. Y., Penna clericus, B. & G Va., Miss doliatus, B. & G Mississippi gentilis, B. & G Ark., La getulus, B.. Georgia Couperi,. 1.. 78. California. B.. obsoleta, B.. 85. S.. GEORGIA, 2.. 77. Ga., Miss. Texas. OPHIBOLUS, 1.*. C,. G.... Florida. &G. B.. 76. Arkansas. & G &G. &. B.. 86. 87 88 89 90. G.. Georgia. 92. 158. Texas. BASCANION, Bascanion constrictor, B. & G " 2.* Fremontii, B. & G. &. B.. G.. Penna., Md., Miss.,. 1.. S.. C,. La..... B.&G. 93. 95. California. Penna. 4.. " ". flaviventris, B.. Texas, Cal. 96. 5.*. ". vetustus, B.. CaL, Oregon. 97. 3.*. Foxii,. Mich.,. & G & G. MASTICOPHIS,. B.. &. G.. Masticophis flageUiformis,B.&G.. .South Carolina flavigularis, B.&G Texas, Ark mormon, B. & G Utah. 1.. 2. 3.. & G & G B. & G. 96. 98,. 149. 99 101. 4.*. ornatus, B.. Texas. 102. 5.. taeniatus, B.. California. 103. 6.*. Schottii,. Texas. 160. 1.*. SALVADOR A, B. & G. Sonora B. &G. Salvadora Grahamiae,. LEPTOPHIS, 1.. Leptophis aestivus. Bell. 2.*. ". majalis, B.. Bell.. Md., Va.,. & G. Chlorosoma. vernalis, B.. S.. & G. CONTIA, Contia mitis,. B.. & G. 106 107. Wagl.. Me., Mass., N. Y., Penna., Mich. AVisc, Miss. 1.*. C, Miss. Texas, Ark. CHLOROSOMA, 1.. 104. B.. &. Cal.,. 108. G.. Oregon. 110.

INTRODUCTION.. DIADOPHIS,. XV. &. B.. G. Page. Diadophis punctatus,. 1.. B.. & G. N. Y., Tenna., Ga., S.. & G &G. C,. Miss.. 112. 2.*. ". amabilis, B.. California. 113. 3.*. ". dociUs, B.. Texas. 114. 4.*. <'. pulchellus, B.. California. 115. 5.*. ". regalis, B.. Sonora. 115. &G. & G. LODIA, Lodia tenuis,. 1.. B.. & G. G.. Oregon. SONORA, B. &G. Sonora semiannulata,. 1.*. &. B.. &. B.. G.. Sonora. RHINOSTOMA, Rhinostoma coccinea,. 1.. IIolbr. Rhinocheilus Lecontii,. B.. &G. HALDEA, &G. 1.. Farancia abacurus,. 1.. Abastor erythrogrammus, GRAY...Ga. Celuta amoena,. B.. &G. 2.*. TantiUa coronata, ". graciUs, B.. B.. 120. & G. &G. C, La. 123. Gray. 125. &. B.. S.. C. &G. Osceola elapsoidea,. B.. 1.. Storeria Dekayi, B.. & G. B.. G.. &. &G. Miss.. ..129. G.. 131. 132. B. S.. &. G.. C, Miss. B.. &. AVisc.,. 133. G.. Mich., Ohio, Mass., N. Y.,. Pa., Md., S.. occipito-maculata, B.. C,. Texas. STORERIA,. ". 127. Mississippi. OSCEOLA, 1.. 2.. 122. Penna., Md., Va., S.. TANTILLA, 1.*. G.. C, Miss. VIRGINIA, B. & G. Md., Va., & G. CELUTA, 1.. 118. Gray.. S.. ABASTOR,. 1.* Virginia Valerias, B.. La. G.. Va., S.. FARANCIA, & G. &. B.. &. B.. Haldea. B.. Ga., Miss.,. California. 1.. striatula, B.. 117. Fitz.. C,. S.. RHINOCHEILUS, 1.*. 116. C,. Ga., La., Tex..l35. Me., N. Y., Lake Sup., Wise, Pa.. S.. C, Ga. 137.

INTRODUCTION.. WENONA,. B.. &. G. Page. 1.. Wenoua ". 2.. plumbea,. & G &G. B.. isabeUa, B.. RENA,. Oregon. 139. Oregon. 140. B.. &. G.. 1.*. Rena. dulcis, B.. Texas. 142. 2.*. ". humilis,. California. 143. & G B. & G. SUMMARY. Genera.. Old. 13. New. 22 35. Total. Species.. Old. 65. New. 54 119. Total. SPECIES NOT SEEN. 1.. 2. 3.. 4. 5. 6. 7.. 8. U.. Toxicophis atrofuscus, Troost Coluber testaceus, Say " Sayi, Schl " vertebralis, Blainv " " ". (Ophis) californias, Blainv. Tennessee. 150. Rocky Mts. 150. Missouri. 151. California. 152. California. 153. (Zacholus) zonatus, Blainv... .California planiceps, Blainv California. 153. Charina Bottae, Gray Ophthalmidion longissi^. mum,. r, DuJi.. c. &. r,. Bier.. y J. 154. California. 154. Florida.?. 155.

SERPENTS. CHOTAf^US,*. Genus. Upper. Gen. Char.. of head covered with small plates,. surfixco. The. scale-like, with a few larger ones in front.. by. A. a well-developed rattle.. tail is. terminated. deep pit between the eyes and the. Temporal and. Subcaudal scutellae entire.. nostrils.. Linn.. labial shields. small and convex.. 1.. CrotaliBS diiriSSllS,. Linn.. —Head. and 5. frontal,. postfrontal.. Two rows between. and. Tail black.. obsolete.. Scales between the. Suborbital chain continuous, of large scales. Labials 12-14 above, 5th largest; 13-15. labials.. carinated carination on outer row Above sulphur-brown, with two rows of confluent. Scales on the back 23-25,. below.. brown. this. angular.. Plates above snout, 2 anterior. superciliaries small, numerous, uniform.. all. ;. Light line from superciliary to angle of the mouth.. lozenges.. Be-. iind this a dark patch. Crotahis durissus, Linn.. Stn. Nat. ed.. xiii.. L,. ^Dekat, New. y.. Syst. Nat.. T.. Gm. Linn. Syst.. 1766, 372.. 1081.— Hot,br. N. Amer. Herp. IIL 1842, 9. PI. i. Fauna. Pt. IIL 1842, 55. PI. is., fig. 19.— Stoker, Rep.. III.. 1788,. Kept, of Mass. 1839, 233. Vipera caudisona americana, Catesb. Nat. Hist. Carol.. 1743, 41.. II.. PI. Ixi.. Banded Rattlesnake.. Head above aries large.. covered with small subtuberculous scales.. Supercili-. Anterior frontals large, triangular, emarginated behind. to receive a series of three small plates.. A. single subhexagonal plate. between the superciliary and anterior frontal. the posterior frontal row. is. much. The. the largest, and. * The names and characteristics of the higher divisions. exterior plate of. is. in contact with. will be. given in the sy-. nopsis of species.. The. figures at the. nal scutelhx) total. length. j. ;. end of the descriptions. refer, the l^^i to the. 2d, to the subcaudal scutella). and. :. Sd, to the dorsal. number rows. ;. 6th, to the length of the tail.. 1. of abdomi4th, to tho.

CROTALUS.. 2. A series. the superciliaries.. '. of three or four larger flat scales extends. Scales on the cheeks. fi'om the posterior extremity of the superciliary.. very large, truncate.. Anterior orbitals double; the upper one rect-. angular, elongated longitudinally. ;. separated from the nasal. by two. small plates.. General color above, that of low.. Along. looking as. tlie. back. is. roll. sulphur; beneath, whitish yel-. a double series of subrhomboidal blotches,. they had been in contact, and then the line of junction. if. The impression. partially effiiced for the three or four central rows.. conveyed of the color of these blotches. gunpowder. of soot or. grains,. that of coarse mottlings. is. more crowded. There are. exteriorly.. twenty-one of these blotches from the head to the anus, the. The rhomboids. entirely black.. dorsal series of scales. is. tail. being. are enclosed within about twelve. Directly opposite to these spots on each side. a series of subtriangular blotches similarly constituted as to colour,. and extending from the abdomen. some. to about the fifth lateral row,. and. Anteriorly these are distinct from the. six or seven scales long.. dorsal series, but posteriorly they are confluent with them, forming a series of zigzag blotches across the body.. The. more. Posteriorly the yellow of. or less of the grain-like mottlings.. the body. scutellai. below show. suffused with darker.. is. There are no markings of. lines distinctly visible. on the sides of. In the centre of the spaces between the dorsal and lateral. the head.. series of blotches are indications of small obsolete spots. ;. and. in. some. cases the yellow scales external to the blotches are of lighter colour. than the. rest.. Huntingdon. Co.,. Pa.. 166. 25. 23.. 42.. D.. 5.. C Lloyd.. Another specimen has the ground-color darker, more brownish yellow.. The markings, however,. are on the. same pattern, except. that the line of junction of the blotches is not so. the colors ated. more decided.. Plates of head similar.. one the largest.. The. much. effaced,. and. Lateral row of scales smooth, not cariFifteen labial plates, fourth upper. blotches are nearly uniform umber-brown,. margined with darker ; the scales external. which are lighter than. to. the ground-color.. Lycoming. A. Co.,. Pa.. 165. 25. 23.. 25. 3^.. S. F. Baird.. female from Huntingdon Co., Pa., has the general pattern of. the one last mentioned, but a dark. brown. tint. pervades the whole.

CROTALUS.. 3 External row of scales. body, and obscures tbe pattern of coloration.. The. smooth.. composed of. inferior orbital chain is. scales nearly as. large as the two next rows.. Huntingdon. Co.,. Pa.. ? 168.. 18. 23.. 35. 3 J.. S. F. Baird.. In a specimen from Prairie Mer Rouge, La., the general system of coloration. brown. is. similar;. strip or tint. down. extending from head to. differs principally in. it. having a reddish. the back, for a width of some three scales,. row of. First. tail.. smooth.. lateral scales. Plates of head as described, except that there are but two plates em-. The upper jaw. braced between the two postfrontals.. pale cream. colour, the line of demarcation starting from the anterior canthus,. and passing backward. to the angle of the. mouth, along the edge of. the labials, or rather a narrow cream-colored line beginning on the of the mouth, and widening on the fifth. upper. labials, at the angle. plate,. encloses the whole anterior portioti of the face below the. The white patch. nostrils.. A brown. eye.. closely mottled with black beneath the. patcb across and beneath the angle of the mouth, in-. terrupted by the white just mentioned.. Prairie Mer Rouge, La.. 165. 27. 25.. Jas. Fairie. Col. Wailes.. Mississiiipi.. 2.. CrotaluS adamanteus,. terior frontals,. plates. :. Beauv.. inside of these a second. row. ;. labials.. 15 or 16 above. and 5th. ;. largest.. ;. filled. by small. 1st, 5th,. and 7th largest and vertical. Dorsal rows 27. ;. ;. —below, 18. Labials ;. 1st, 4th,. outer rows obsoletely carinated.. Three. Three series of well-defined perfect rhombs,. tail.. one dorsal, two lateral, separated by narrow perciliary to the angle of the mouth.. A. lines.. second. Crotalus adamanteus, Beauv. Trans.. 368.— HoLBR. N. Amer.. scales.. scattered larger ones toward the. Suborbitals extending to the middle of the orbit.. or four dai"k rings on. Stn.. an-. Three rows of scales between the suborbi-. centre of the intermediate space.. and. Two. triangular.. included space. Scales margining superciliaries small. tals. — Head. connected with superciliaries on each side by two large. Amer.. Ilerp. Ill, 1842, 17. PI.. Light stripe from su-. in front of the eye.. Pkilos. Soc. IV, 1824,. ii.. C. horridus, Hakl. Journ. Acad. Nat. So. Philad. V,. ii,. 1827, 370.. Diamond Rattlesnake. Scales on the cheek smooth.. Three rather large plates on the. edge of tbe upper part of the head, between the superciliaries and rostral, inside of. the rest.. which. is. a second. row of. three, also larger than.

CROTALUS.. 4. Third and fourth. of lateral scales smooth.. The two lower rows. Scales on the back and sides not conspicu-. very faintly carinated.. Posteriorly,. ously different in size except the lower 2 or 3 rows.. near the. tail,. all the scales are carinated except the lowest.. General color, yellowish gray, with rhomboidal black blotches,. and with. lighter in the centre,. there. is. Or. the angles perfect.. all. rather. a series of dull yellowish lines crossing obliquely from one. abdomen. side of the. to the other over the back, following the oblique. and occupying generally the posterior half of each. series of scales,. scale, the basal portion. decussate. first. These. being black.. about 36 crossing from each. side,. which there are. to tail,. (9 on. tail,). row, and then on the back,. on the 5th or 6th lateral. where they are more or. lines, of. from head. less confluent three. The. or four rows.. rhomboids thus enclosed and crossing the back are generally black for I2 or 2 scales within the yellowish lines, and the most central portion. is. The. dark yellowish brown, mottled with darker.. inter-. vals on the sides between the lines are mostly dark yellowish brown,. These intervals constitute a. minutely mottled with dark brown. lateral series of. sometimes with the lower. transverse rhomboids,. Opposite to the dorsal rhomboids. angle truncated.. small triangles in the angles of the. first. decussation.. is. a series of. The. distance. between two parallel transverse stripes generally consists of rows of. On. five. scales, occasionally of six.. the sides and posteriorly these markings are more or less in-. distinct,. though generally recognisable.. ^ood deal of black.. The under. The. tail. usually exhibits a. parts are dull yellowish white, or. greenish white, clouded toward the sides with brown.. The black on the. spots visible.. tail. No. regular. does not constitute complete. rings, but is interrupted in the middle of the lower surface,. and. in fact. the black patches alternate with each other, and are not opposite.. The. A dull. top of the head. is. light brown, with occasional black scales.. yellowish streak starts at the posterior edge of the supercili-. ary plate, and passing obliquely backward, through two rows of scales,. extends to the angle of the mouth.. expands. till. it. A second band starts. orbitals,. involves the 7th, 8th, and 9th upper labials.. Inter-. val between the first. two. stripes dark. brown.. There are also. cations of a second vertical light bar in front of the nostril,. below the. pit.. on the. and crossing the anterior. plate in advance of the superciliary,. liostral. Charleston, S. C.. indi-. and two. dark yellowish, lighter in the margin.. 169. 32. 27.. 48. 5i.. Dr. Barker..

CROTALUS.. 3. Cl'OtalUS atrox, B. & G.. — Head subtriangular.. Plates on head. 2 anterior frontals in contact, between these and superciliaries, on side of. Space enclosed occupied by smaller scales. by a row of larger scales; the anterior much largest. Three rows of scales between labials and suborbitals. Labials 16 above; 15 below, 1st and 3d largest. Dorsal rows 1st, 5th, and 7th largest; the crown, 2 imbricated plates. Superciliaries bordered. —. 25-27. 2 exterior rows smooth.. :. On. the tail 3-6 half rings.. Color yel-. lowish brown, with a continuous succession of dorsal lozenges, sometimes truncate before and behind. ;. A. intervals ail narrow.. single transversa. Stripe from superciliary directly to the angle. light line on superciliary.. of the mouth.. General style of coloration somewhat as in C. adamantetis. Groundcolor. above dull yellowish brown, with a series of subhexagonai. patches from the head nearly to the. to the intersection of. two. the anterior half of as is. We. an uninterrupted. may. many. about 40 in. side across to the other, along. oblique series of scales.. along the sixth row of dorsal scales. ;. The. lateral de-. on the back, where. they cross, the lines are confluent for a breadth of. making a. series,. markings. refer the. series of light yellowish lines,. number, crossing obliquely from each cussation. in. tail,. separated throughout by narrow lines.. five or six scales,. series of transverse lines across the back, truncating the. obtuse angles of the rhomboids, which would otherwise be produced.. Sometimes the acute cated.. lateral angle of the. Laterally, the yellowish lines are. rhomboids are. more. ing a more or less distinct chain pattern.. also trun-. or less obsolete, leav-. The rhomboids. or sub-. rhomboids enclosed have a narrow margin of dark brown, lighter toward the centre.. rhomboids. is. In. all cases. the interval between the successive. The. but one or two half scales in width.. lateral. rhom-. boids and triangles referred to in C. adamanteus are indicated by. two alternating. and 4th. series of. dark brown blotches, the. lateral row, opposite the apices of the. first. along the 3d. rhomboids. ;. the second. along the 6th and 7th, and alternating with the same; the spots. occupy one. scale, or part of four. contiguous ones.. Space between. these rhomboids and the yellowish lines, dull yellowish brown.. Be-. neath nearly uniform yellowish, slightly clouded on the sides of the scales.. On. the. tail. the blotches arc confluent into 3 or 6 dark. half rings, interrupted on the under surface.. of lines on the head. much. as in C.. brown. General distribution. adamanteus ; a narrow. light line. from the posterior end of the superciliary backward, directly. to the.

CEOTALUS.. e. angle of the moutli; a second from the anterior extremity, nearly parallel with the. first,. rated on the labials. the two enclosing an indistinct patch, and sepa-. by 4 J. There. scales.. is. also a single. narrow. light line across the superciliary perpendicular to its length, obsolete. in old specimens.. may. It. readily be distinguished from C.. adamanteus by. and the truncations of the rhomboids,. color. obsoleteness of the lateral markings.. The rhomboids. The two. proportion and more rounded.. its. light. as well as the general. lateral. are longer in. rows of scales are. smooth, the next two more strongly carinated than in C. adaman-. The 5th upper labial is largest, and transverse the rest nearly The stripes on the side of the head are less distinct. From G. confluentus, it may be distinguished by the greater com-. teus.. ;. uniform.. parative size of the interval between the dorsal blotches, especially. In C. conjiuentus, there are two light lines across the. posteriorly.. superciliary plate, dividing. Here,. narrower.. it. into three sections, the central rather. too, the posterior facial stripe, instead of. the angle of the mouth, goes back of in. labials,. C.. it. passing to. on the 2d row above the. atrox, passing directly to the angle of the mouth.. Other important distinctions are seen in the narrower. C. scales of. conjiiientus, &c.. From. C. luafer,. the more narrow head, fewer and larger inter-. superciliary scales, lighter color, arrangement of color along the head, will at once distinguish. Indianola.. San. 4.. it.. 187. 23. 25.. 33.. 3i.. Col. J. D.. Graham.. Pedro, Texas.. Crotalus. llicifer, B. & G. Muzzle broad. Scales between the and uniform. Plates on top of head, 4 pre4 postfrontal, or else irregular. Three rows scales between the sub-. superciliaries numerous, small, frontal,. —. and labials. Labials 16 above 1st and 5th largest 15 below. Dorrows 25, exterior smooth, 2d and 3d with obsolete carination. Tail, and. orbitals sal. ;. ;. body with 16. dorsal hexagons or. octagons, separated throughout. line.. or 17 half rings.. Light stripe from superciliary crosses the. A. succession of brown by a narrow lighter angle of the mouth on the. posterior portion of. 3d and 4th row above labial. Syn.. Crotalus lucifer, B.. & G.. Proc. Acad. Nat. So. Phila. VI., 1852, 177,.

CROTALUS.. Head very broad many. covered with. 7. form radiation. Interval between superciliary plates scales, nearly. men. uniform in. size. ;. row bordering the. in one speci-. :. there are two rows of four each, of considerable size. they are larger than the large,. flat,. rest,. with small. filled. superciliaries very. Scales in front of the superciliaries variable. small.. Head above. anteriorly, outline little tapering.. small tuberculiform scales, showing a substelli-. ;. in another. Scales on the cheeks. but irregular.. smooth.. Along the back a. Ground-color, light brown above.. series of. subhexagonal or octagonal blotches, formed by a skeleton of dull. The space thus enclosed. yellowish, constituting a dorsal chain.. the ground-color. is. margined faintly with dark brown. of the interval between the successive blotches. one and a half. of. the width. from one-half to. These spots are frequently confluent, two and. scales.. three running together.. long and eleven wide.. is. :. Where most. On. distinct the spots are four scales. each side of this dorsal series is a second,. separated by a single row of scales, the blotches extending from the. abdominal. scutella3 to the. 5th or Gth row.. the dorsal, and subcircular.. and. in the. These are smaller than. Opposite the transverse light bands,. open space between four contiguous blotches on the. smaller blotches are indistinctly visible.. sides,. Posteriorly, the spots on. the back and sides are confluent and darker; in one specimen form-. ing 17 half rings, encircling the back, leaving about 24 dorsal blotches.. brown. Abdomen. greenish yellow,. at the bases of the scales.. from posterior portion of the. more. or less clouded. Head dark brown. superciliaries along the. ;. with. a light line. 4th row of. su-. pralabial scales back to the angle of the jaws, on the occiput, where it. expands into the color of the under part.. same. light color behind, rapidly. whole front and side of the. face, leaving. The space about the facial The theory of coloration is that. dark.. Upper. labials of the. widening anteriorly so as. to include. only the top of the head. pit darker.. '. of decussating lines, which,. when. they intersect, unite so as to have the angles of intersection truncated.. The ment. species has a general resemblance to G. atrox in the arrange-. of the blotches, but. is. darker, and has about 17 dark half rings. posteriorly instead of 4 or 5.. In G. atrox the head. is. narrower and. more triangular, the space between the superciliaries narrow, ind occupied by angulated larger scales instead of small tuberculous ones. In G. atrox, the row bordering the superciliaries. is. much. larger than. the rest, and the scales on the top of the head generally more angu-.

CROTALUS.. 8 In. lated.. on the side of the head, instead of. C. lucifer, the line. going directly from the posterior end of the superciliary to the commissures, passes back nearly parallel to the mouth, crossing along the. 4th row of scales above the eye. much wider below. is. The second. labial.. in C. lucifer,. line in front of the. and the face generally shows. more of white, while the dark portions are much darker. A specimen collected in California by Dr. Leconte resembles but owing to the imperfect state of preservation,. The. ascertained. in hexagons.. this,. can be. in lozenges. than. Size, very large.. 168. 25. 25.. Oregon.. 5,. more. dorsal figures are, however,. Color dark.. little definite. CrotalUS COnflueilttSS,. 27-|.. 3f. Expl. Esped.. (in dep.). .. Head sub triangular.. Say.. top of head squamiform, irregular, angulated, and imbricated. Plates on scales be-. ;. tween superciliaries small, numerous, uniform. Four rows of scales between the suborbital series (which only extends to the centre of the. and the. orbit). Two. ing 10 or 12 half rings.. transverse lines on superciliaries, enclosing. Stripe from superciliary to angle of jaws, crosses angle of. about one-third.. mouth on the second row above. labial.. Rostral margined with lighter.. Crotalus confluentus, Sat, in Long's Exped.. Stn.. C. Lecontei,. Hallow.. Rocky Mts.. more slender and compact.. is. across from one nostril to the other consists of Superciliaries. Upper anterior. more prominent.. orbitals. much. C. four.. six,. is. Line of scales. lateral. rows of scales smooth,. gradually increasing in. size.. Scales. more. much. smaller.. the anterior nasal.. Scales between super-. smaller and more numerous, five or six in. Two. atrox, but the. not four as in C.. Labial series. smaller, as also. Scales on the top of the head less carinated. ciliaries. 1823, 48.. Scales on the top of the head. anterior to the superciliaries nearly uniform in size.. atrox.. II,. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. VI, 1851, 180.. This species bears a considerable resemblance to. body. intervals. Spots transversely quadrate posteriorly, ultimately becom-. greater behind.. the. Dorsal series. Labials 15 or 18, nearly uniform.. labials.. Dorsal blotches quadrate, concave before and behind;. 27-29.. first,. number. instead of. second, and third. linear than in C. atrox.. General color yellowish brown with a series of subquadrate dark blotches, with the corners rounded. and the anterior and posterior. sides frequently concave, the exterior convex.. These blotches are. ten or eleven scales wide and four or five long, lighter in the centre,. and margined vals. for one-third of a scale with light yellowish.. The. inter-. along the back light brown, darker than the margins of the.

CROTALUS. Anteriorly the interval between the dark spots. blotches.. single scale; posteriorly. where the. 9. it. is. more rhomboidal. also the spots are. mental theory of coloration might be likened. adamanteus,. but a. or lozenge-shaped; nearer. The funda-. however, they become transversely quadrate.. tail,. is. more, becoming sometimes two scales,. viz, of forty or fifty light lines. to that of Crotalus. decussating each other. from opposite sides; but the angles of decussation, instead of being acute, are obtuse,. and truncated or rounded. off. throughout.. the third, fourth, and fifth lateral rows of scales tinct. is. brown blotches covering a space of about four. Along. a series of indisscales. and falling. opposite to the dorsal blotches: between these blotches, and opposite intervals of the dorsal. the. to. Along the. fifth, sixth,. blotches, are. seventh, and eighth rows. others. less. distinct.. a second series- of. is. obsolete blotches, each covering a space of about four scales, and just. opposite the intervals between. The. the dorsal spots.. dorsal. and. lower series are separated by an interval of three scales, this interval. Beneath, the color. light brown.. is. darker half rings are visible on the. dull yellowish,. and ten or twelve. tail.. In point of coloration the principal features, as compared with C. atrox,. lie. in the dorsal blotches, being disposed in subquadrate spots. instead of subrhomboids. back perpendicular to. ;. the intervals thus forming bands across the. the. longitudinal. tendency. This. axis.. to. assume the subquadrangular pattern has broken up the chain-work into isolated portions, as in Coluber eximius or Crotalojyliorus Urge-. minus.. The. intervals of the dorsal blotches are wide. and darker. in. the middle, while in C. atrox they are narrow, not linear, and unicolor.. The. sides of the. head present the usual light stripe from the. posterior extremity of the superciliary. ;. it. passes, however, to. the. angle of the jaw on the neck, along the second row of scales above the labials. labials, pit,. A. second stripe passes in front of the. widening there.. A small. and another on the outer edge of the. aries are seen. eye to the. light vertical bar is seen below the rostral.. On. the supercili-. two light transverse lines enclosing a space nearly one-. third of the whole surface.. In C. atrox there. is. a single median. Sometimes, as in C. atrox, the single blotches on the nape are. line.. replaced by two elongated ones parallel to each other.. Red San. River.. 180. 27. 29.. Pedro, Texas.. 181.28.27.. Bet.. San Antonio)^. and. Jill. raso.. ). 188.23.27.. 34. 4.. Capt. Marcy. Col. J. D.. 27.3.. Graham..

CROTALUS.. 10. &. 6. CrotalBBS molossiss, B.. Muzzle broad. G.. ;. rostral. small.. Scales between superciliaries small, uniform, except the two anterior.. Two. frontal plates, four postfrontal.. Two. inter superciliary, all in contact. Five. rows scales between the labials and suborbital row.- Middle row, not extending beyond the middle of the orbit. Labials 18 above, fifth and sixth largest; 17 below. Dorsal rows of scales 29. Two external rows small. Tail uniform black.. Color roll sulphur, a series of chestnut-brown transverse. lozenges, with exterior corners produced to the. with one or two spots.. Each. abdomen. Centres of lozenges. A brown. scale but one color.. patch below and. behind the eye.. One. marked of. of the most strongly. all. anterior frontals. the superciliary;. ;. Rostral small.. behind these four plates, the exterior resting on. behind these two other. plates,. between and in. Anterior nasal subtriangular.. contact with the superciliaries. of head with. Head very Two. the species.. broad in front; outline nearly rectangular.. numerous smooth subtuberculous. Top. Suborbitals. scales.. General aspect smoother. large, extending to the anterior canthus.. than in Crotali generally, scales rounded at. the. posterior. apex,. carinated but slightly.. General color above that of. roll. sulphur, beneath pale yellowish,. posteriorly very faintly clouded with brownish. riorly the. scutellae. are. entirely immaculate.. Ante-. Tail black.. Along. ^e. back. is. a series of transverse reddish or chestnut-brown lozenges embraced in a. width of 12 or 14 scales and 4 or 5 scales long, and with the. exterior. angles. produced to the abdomen.. These lozenges are. frames with the outline generally one scale in width and with the •centres of the ground-color. ;. sometimes divided by a median. line of. brown, so as to show two yellowish spots inside of the lozenges.. The. scales exterior to the lozenges are. rather lighter.. the brown rings and the lozenges widen at the lateral spots of four. scales;. rings are obsolete, and the. at others,. brown. the anterior fourth of the body. showing alternately. is. cessive lozenges.. in a dorsal series.. superciliaries. In. fact, for. a dorsal patch of brown,. at successive intervals. The. indicate. and especially anteriorly, the. we have. and then a pair of smaller ones, owing. Sometimes. abdomen and. one large yellowish spot. to the confluence of the suc-. and. scales anterior to. them, as. well as a broad patch below and behind the eye, light greenish. brown.. Tail uniform dark. brown above, paler beneath.. Only one. button with two necks, no rattle.. A remarkable. character of this species. is. that. each individual.

C^OTALOPHORUS. same uniform. scale is of the. 11 and not showing two. tint to its base,. colours as in other species.. Fort. mh.tcrSLEUa. del (Jobre, iv. Mex.. Genus Gen. Char.. ^g^ ^5. 29.. |. Col. J. D.. 33i. 3.. Graham.. ). CROT AliOPHOMTS, Upper. Gray.. surface of the head covered with nine large. plates, as seen in Coluber. and. allied genera.. The. A. a rattle, generally smaller than in Crotalus.. terminates in. tail. deep pit between. the eye and nostril, as in Crotalus. Subcaudal scutella) entire, except a few at the end of the. Syn.. tail,. which are. Gray, Ann.. Crotalophorus,. bifid.. Philos. 1825, 205.. Crotalopliorus iniliarius, Holbr.— Twenty-two. I.. three dorsal rows of scales,. all of. or twenty-. which are carinated, the lateral and. first. row but slightly a vertebral brownish red line seven series of blotches, one dorsal and three lateral, on each side, the uppermost of which is obsolete and the lowest subject to irregularities. Vertical plate subcordiform, occipiA narrow white line commences at the lowest tal oblong and elongated. point of the orbit and passes obliquely backward to the angle of the mouth. ;. Crotalus miliarius, Linn. Syst. Nat.. Syn. I, iii,. ;. 1788.. 1080.— Merk. Vers.. Nat. So. Phila. V,. ii,. 1827, 370.. Syst.. Holbr.. 372.. 1820,. Gm. L. Syst. Nat.. 156.— Hael.. Holbr. N. Amer. Herp.. Caudisona miliarius, Wagl. Syst. Crotalopliorus miliarius,. I,. Amph.. Amph.. 1838, 73. PL. xv.. 1830, 176.. N. Amer. Herp. 2d. ed.. Vipera Caudisona americana minor.. II,. ed. XIII,. Jour. Acad.. Ill,. 1842, 25. PI.. Catesb. Nat. Hist. Carol.. II,. iv.. 1743, 42,. PI. xiii.. Ground. Piattlesnake.. Ground-color dark greyish ash, minutely mottled.. A. series of. thirty-eight to forty-five subcircular dorsal blotches extending. head. to tail,. border.. Interval rather narrower than the spots themselves.. broad band of purplish red passes from head to blotches.. the. first. from. dark brown, each with a narrow distinct yellowish. On on the. each side first. may. A. through the. be distinguished three series of blotches,. and second. the abdominal scutellae.. tail,. lateral rows of scales. The second. and partly on. alternating with this on the. second, third, fourth, and fifth rows of scales, and opposite the dorsal.

CROTALOPHORUS.. 12. on the. third alternating with the second. The. series.. series is. and the dorsal. series,. The. latter. and eighth rows of. sixth, seventh,. fifth,. scales.. dusky and obsolete; the others are uniform and. distinctly. black.. The shape. of the blotches. is. subjected to some variation according. Generally subcircular or slightly oblong, they become. to individuals.. sometimes a transversely elongated quadrangle, three times as long as Their shape varies according to the region of the body on. wide.. On. which they are found. gular, anteriorly. the anterior third they are subquadran-. and posteriorly emarginated. on the middle region. ;. they elongate, and toward the posterior third become nearly circular.. Backward of the anus the five or six blotches of that region extend on the sides, without, however, meeting on the lower surface. The blotches of row are subquadrangular and a little smaller than those and third rows; the blotches of the second row being of the second oblong and largest on the middle region of the body. transversely. the. first lateral. Side of the head purplish brown.. A narrow distinct white. line. from. the lowest part of the orbit passing obliquely backward to the angle of the mouth.. Above and continuous with. chestnut-brown vitta. is. that white line a deep. observed, of the same length but broader and. Two. lined above with a narrow dull yellowish margin.. dark-brown. vittte. extend from the vertex to the. and confluent with. it.. A. double crescentic blotch. first is. undulated. dorsal blotch. observed on the. frontal scutellae leaving a transversal fulvous band across the head. between the. orbits.. The. color underneath. is. reddish yellow, mar-. morated with brownish black blotches and minute dots. The scales are elongated, carinated, and acute posteriorly.. row are slightly carinated and more acute posteriorly.. of the lateral consors,. Liberty Co.. also,. Those. but narrower than in C..

CROTALOPHORUS. Resembles. 13 but without the. C. miliavius in its general appearance,. The ground. vertebral brownish red line.. color. olivaceous brown,. is. the blotches of a deeper brown, encircled with a black. with a whitish yellow. There are about. line.. fillet. margined. blotches in the. fifty. dorsal series emarginated anteriorly only, thirty of which are trans-. the twenty remaining ones nearly. versely elongated, very irregular. ;. circular, with regular outlines.. The blotches. comparatively small and of nearly equal either. row may appear much the. of the lateral rows are. though sometimes one of. size,. The. largest.. blotches of the. and. lateral series are opposite to those of the dorsal. first. affect the. 1st,. 2d, and 3d rows of scales and the extremities of the abdominal scu-. The blotches of the second. tellaj.. series are obsolete. with these, extend-. series alternate. ing on the od, 4th, and 5th rows of scales.. The. blotches of the third. and alternate with those of the second. series,. and are. generally opposite to those of the dorsal series situated in the 5th, 6th,. and 7th rows.. The upper. surface of the head. is. brown. ;. there. are two vittae extending from the vertex along the neck to the dorsal blotch.. The. the eye to the neck.. frontal region. A yellowish white line starts from. vertex.. first. A broader and deep chestnut-brown band extends from is. deeper brown than the. the nostrils near the upper. surface of the head, extending backward in passing between the eye. and the. pit to the angle of the. from each side of the. A vertical. mouth.. pit to the labial.. The. marbled with black transversely oblong patches. is. cordiform. occipital little. ;. whitish bar extends. belly. is. yellowish white. The. vertical plate. the anterior frontal plates proportionally small. rather broad.. The. scales. ;. the. of the body are elongated,. a. smaller than in C. miliarius, but not quite so acute posteriorly.. The two. and smooth rows are much broader than the. lateral. and conspicuous. :. most of the. scales of these. rest. two rows are black, with. the posterior edge straw colored, giving the appearance of a succession of distinct crescents.. The. tail. is. conical. and tapering. ;. the rattle. composed of one ring besides the terminal one. Indianola.. 147. 33. 25.. 18i 2i. Col. J. D.. Graham.

CROTALOPHORUS.. 14 S.. Crofalopliorus tergeniiiiHS, Holbr.— Twenty-five. dorsal scales, strongly carinated, with the exception of the is. smooth.. perfectly. subhexagonal,. Vertical plate. A. Seven longitudinal series of blotches.. Syn.. rows of. row, which. pointed posteriorly.. narrow band of yellowish white. extends from the pit to the neck in passing close Crotalus tergeminus. Sat, Long's Exp.. Hael. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc.'Philad.. first. v. iii,. angle of the mouth.. to the. Rocky Mts.. I,. 1823, 499.. 1827, 372.. Crotalophorus tergeminus, Holbr. N. Amer. Herp. III., 1812, 29. PI v. Crotalophorus,. A'Gass.. Lake Sup. 1850, 381.. PI. vi. fig. G-8.. Prairie Rattlesnake, Massasauga.. The ground. color above. brown blackish. is. brown. the blotches are deep chestnut-. ;. The. externally, and with a yellowish white margin.. dorsal blotches are thirty-four in. number from. the head to the region. opposite the anus, twenty-sis of which are transversely and irregularly oblong, anteriorly. posteriorly. and posteriorly emarginated. the anus to. its. extending on the. tip,. sometimes a complete. The next. ring.. —. less so,. Five or six exist on the. eight are subcircular.. ;. sides, the last. however, tail. on either side. series. from. two forming is. com-. posed of small blotches, but as intensely colored as in the other series.. They. They have no regulateral row is com-. alternate with the dorsal ones.. The second blotches. They are. larity either in outline or position.. posed of the largest lateral. or oval on the second, third, fourth,. fifth,. transversely oblong. and sixth rows of scales, and. opposite the blotches of the dorsal series; consequently alternating. The. with the third series above.. first. posed of blotches intermediate in. and second. series. ;. they occupy the. and extend somewhat with the adjoining supraorbital often. size. to. series.. the. confkient with. the. first. latter.. to. A. is. and second rows of scutellas,. undulated. neck. series again. com-. between those of the third. abdominal. Two. plates along the. lateral. first. linear. scales,. alternatins:. extend from the. vittse. the. and. dorsal blotch,. vitta. and. margined with. yellowish white extends from the posterior edge of the eye to the sides. of the neck; the inferior yellow margin. is. the broadest, and. passes from the pit close to the angle of the mouth, turning forward to the middle of the lower jaw, enclosing. patch.. Two. from both. elongated yellowish spots. sides of the pit to the lip.. chestnut brown. ;. a transverse light. head from one orbit. to the other.. a semi-elliptical. may The. browL. be observed diverging. cephalic plates are deep. brown baud extends across the.

CROTALOPHORUS. The. color underneath. is. blackish. Dr. Hoy.. 13G. 31.. 25.. 19f. 2f.. Eev. Chas. Fox.. 141. 29.. 25.. 23i. Grosse. 4.. Co., Ohio.. 1.. Crotalopliorus Edwardsii,. dorsal scales. ;. first. yellowish.. 29*. 2f.. 150. 21.. Warren. brown intermingled with 25.. Racine, Wise. Isle, iVich.. +. 15. Sf. Dr. J. P. Kirtland,. &. B.. G.. —Twenty-three rows. and second lateral row smooth.. of. Vertical plate subpen-. Lateral rows of blotches proportionally very. tagonal, tapering posteriorly. small.. The ground-color. yellowish brown with three lateral series of. is. Two. deep chestnut-brown blotches.. elongated brown blotches ex-. A. tend from the supercilliaries backward.. narrow band of chestnut. brown, from the posterior frontal plates, passes over the eyes. to the. neck, under which a yellowish stripe extends from the nostril to the. The snout and upper jaw are brown with two pit. The lower jaw and chin are. angle of the mouth.. yellow. fillets. diverging from the. mottled with brown and yellow.. brown and. There are about forty-two dorsal. irregular blotches margined with deep black and encircled. with a yellow. from the head. fillet,. opposite the anus. — the. to.. the tip of the. last three passing to. but do not meet below.. tail. —the 34th. the sides of the. tail. Subcircular on the posterior half of the. body, the blotches on the anterior half are longer transversely than longitudinally; emarginated anteriorly only.. The blotches The blotches of. of the two lateral series are proportionally small.. more. the upper series are. nate with the dorsal ones.. or less obsolete and alter-. Those of the second. lateral series are the. smallest and alternate also, being of as deep a color as the dorsal ones, but do not extend. and fourth rows of. beyond the anus, occupying the second,. The. scales.. and second rows, and only one color, dotted. first. scale.. and lower. The. third,. series affect the first. belly. is. of a light straw. and sprinkled irregularly with brown.. Scales elliptical, subtruncated posteriorly, constituting twenty-three. rows, strongly carinated,. except the two lateral rows, which are. smooth.. Head, when seen from above, tionally. more elongated than. Tamaulipas.. subelliptical. ;. vertical plate propor-. in C. terjeminus.. 143. 28. +3. 23.. 17^.2^.. Dr. Edwards.. S.Banko/Eio Grande. 153.24.. 23.. 11.. 1§.. 145.26.. 23.. Sh. li. Col.J.D.Graham.. Sonora.. Gen. Churchill..

CROTALOPHORUS.. 16. 5.. CrotalophorilS Kirtlsiudii, Holbr. —Twenty-five rows. sal scales,. sometimes only twenty-four,. Vertical plate rather short and broad.. of the first lateral row.. Color in. the adult almost uniformly black, with a vertebral series of dusky. Underneath bluish. blotches, sometimes very obsolete. terior. margin of the. brown. with the pos-. slate,. scutellee yellowish.. N. Amer. Hei'p. Ill, 1842, 31,. Crotalophorus Eirtlandii, Holbr.. Syk.. n.. of dor-. strongly carinated except those. all. vi.. Black Massasauga.. The. scales of the lateral. of the second. row are but. row. Those. are as broad or high as long.. slightly carinated,. and distinguished from. the nest rows above in being broader and regularly elliptical posteriorly.. The. carinated scales are elongated, and the narrowest as they. approximate the dorsal region.. They. are posteriorly. rounded or. subacute.. In the young, eight inches and. a half long, the ground-color. brown, with a dorsal. series of. is. deep brown spots transversely oblong,. emarginated anteriorly and posteriorly, almost quadrangular on the posterior region of the. head. to tail.. body and. There are three. tail;. and thirty-four in number from. lateral series of blotches. on each side. j. the upper one composed of small and obsolete blotches, alternating. with the dorsal ones. ;. the second row. is. composed of vertically oblong. blotches, larger than those of the upper,. those of the lower series. scutellee, as in. C.. The. latter. and a. little. smaller than. extend partly on the abdominal. tergeminus and other allied species.. Six or seven. rings to the rattle.. Warren. Co., Ohio.. ". " «. 140.21+5.24. 144.19+5.23. 142.17+3.25. 143.15+9.25.. 23|. 2 J.. 24t.. 2i. 25.. 2|.. 8^.. |.. Dr. J. P. Kirtland.. «. " «.

AGKISTRODON.. Genus. AGKISTRODOIV,. A. Gen. Char.. 17. deep. pit. between. plates on top of head.. Without. One. A loral. pair of occipitals.. Beauv.. and the eye.. nostril. Nine. Poison fangs as in Crotalus.. rattle.. between the nasal and anterior. orbit-. Labials excluded from the orbit by the presence of suborbital. als.. Scales carinated; rows 23 in number.. plates.. Sometimes a small. divided posteriorly.. and. postfrontals.. Habits. Subcaudal. scutellas. between the. vertical. terrestrial.. Aghistrodon, Pal. de Beauv.. Syn.. plate. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. Philad. IV,. 1799, 381.. 1.. A^kistrodon contortrix,. Y "Shaped. with inverted. &. B.. G.. — Loral. Dorsal rows of scales 23.. not entering into the orbit.. darker blotches on the. present.. Labials. Color light chestnut,. sides.. Labials yellowish. •white.. Boa. Syn. I, iii,. confortrix,. Linn. Syst. Nat.. 273.. I,. Gm. L. Syst. Nat.. ed. xiii,. 1788, 1082,. Agkistrodon mokason,. Be adv.. Trans. Amer.. Philos.. Soc. Philad.. IV,. 1799, 380.. Amer. Journ.. Scytalus ciipreus, Rafin.. Sc.. I.,. Haul. Med.. 85.. «&. Phys.. Res. 1835, 130. Triffonocephalus cenchris, Sciil. Ess. Phys. Serp.. PL. XX,. fig.. Part, desc, 1837, 653.. 10 and 11.. Trigonocephalus contortrix, HotBR. N. Amer. Ilerp.. 2d. ed. Ill, 1842, 39.. Copperhead.. More. 1838, 69 PI. xiv, and. .. slender than ToxicopMs jnsciovorus.. smaller.. II,. PI. viii.. Two. Plates on neck and sido. anterior orbitals, one above the other, the lower nar-. rower, and forming the posterior wall of the. between these and the posterior nasal.. pit.. A. distinct loral. Labial not forming part of. the orbit, but separated by the four post and suborbitals.. not so largely developed. Above. light hazel. ;. 8 above, 3d and 4th largest. ;. Labials. 9 below.. brown, rather brighter on the top of the head,. and everywhere minutely mottled with very fine dark points. On each side is a series of 15-26 darker chestnut-colored blotches resting on the abdominal. scutellcC,. dle of the side, so as. and suddenly contracting about the mid-. somewhat. to. 2. resemble an inverted. Y-. These.

AGKISTRODON.. 18. blotches extend to the vertebral line, -where they or end in a rounded apex.. may. be truncated. Generally those of opposite sides. alter-. nate with each other, but frequently they are confluent above, form-. They. ing continuous bands.. are so disposed,. that. the. intervals. between the successive blotches are pretty much of the same shape. and in. The. though inverted.. size,. some. cases so. much. centres of the blotches are lighter;. so as greatly to increase the. dark blotches, 35-45 in number, on each side.. eye,. Chin and throat un-. Sides of head cream color; the line of demarcation very. spotted. distinct. Y-shaped resem-. Color beneath dull yellowish, with a series of distinct large. blance.. this passes along the. ;. upper edge of the head, in front of the. and involving the lower three-fourths of the. middle of the 2d postorbital. plate, (counting. orbit, intersects the. from above,) and ex-. tends along the 1st row above the labials, to the posterior edge of the last labial. ;. the line then comes back through the middle of the lower. labial range,. where. the same color.. it is. marked by a narrow black. A small. line.'. Hostral of. areolated dark spot near the inner edge of. each occipital plate.. 153.40+10.23.. Cleveland.. Foxburg, Pa.. Carlisle,. Pa.. Charleston.. iJlotches larger. and fewer, about 15 in number, and running more. upon the abdomen. Vertical. £et.Iudlanola&l oa7i Antonio.. \. ^^^. plate larger. ^3.. and more acute. posteriorly.. Col.. Graham..

TOXicorHis.. TOXICOPOIS,. Genus Gen. Char.. No. A second and. orbital.. No. loral plate. carinatcd, forming posteriorly.. Syn.. Eleven. between nasal and anterior. smaller pair of occipital plates contiguous to Scales very conspicuously. Labial entering into the orbit.. first.. Troost.. Pit and fangs as in AgMstrodon.. rattle.. plates on top of head.. the. 19. 25 longitudinal rows.. Subcaudal. scutellte divided. Habits aquatic.. TozlcojjJiis,. Troost, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. York,. III,. 1833, 190.. 1.. ToxicophiS piscivorus,. indistinct. &. C.. G.. — No. loral.. Inferior wall of. by 3d labial 25 dorsal rows. Dark chestnut brown, with Line from superciliary along the edge of the vertical dark bars.. orbit constituted. :. head, through the middle of the second supra labial row.. from the lowest point of the orbit parallel Syn. PI. xiii.. Trigonocephalus piscivorus, Holbr.. and 2d. ed. Ill, 1842, 33.. A. second line. to the first.. N. Amer. Herp.. II,. 1838, 63.. PI. vii.. Water moccasin.. Scales all large and well developed of head conspicuously. them.. Two. so.. ;. those on the sides and back. nasal plates with the nostril between. Anterior orbitals two, one above the other; the upper ex-. tending from the eye to the posterior nasal, the lower linear, and. forming the upper wall of the constituted. by a narrow. nating on the 2d.. pit.. Lower and. plate resting along the. Third. posterior wall of pit. 3d. labial,. and termi-. labial very large, constituting the inferior. wall of the orbit, of which three scales form the posterior. labials. 8,. very large and broad. each by a triangular plate. carinated.. Dorsal scales. :. lower 10.. All the scales on the back of the head. all carinated.. General color dark chestnut-brown, with darker markings.. above purplish black.. Upper. Occipitals terminated. An. Head. obsolete chestnut-brown streak passes. from the posterior end of the superciliary along the upper edge of the head, through the middle of the 2d row of supralabial scales.. A narrow. yellowish white line passes from the 3d labial, or begins. just below the lowest part of the. orbit,. and passing backward, paral-.

TOXICOPHIS.. 20 lei. with the. first stripe. mouth. the angle of the. stripe, crosses. first. and meets the. labial,. confluent with the yellowish white. On. of the throat.. the lower. as well as the interval. itself,. 7th it is. on the 4th, 6th,. labial are three short, nearly vertical light bars,. and 7th; the rest of the jaw. at the. on the side of the neok, where. between. the stripes on the sides of the head, dark purplish brown, of which color. also the space in front. is. and below the. On. above dull dark chestnut-brown.. General color. eyes.. each side a series of 20 or 30. Of. narrow vertical purplish black bars, one or two scales wide. these,. sometimes two contiguous to each other on the same side are. united above into an arch, enclosing a space, the centre of which rather duskier than the ground-color. from the opposite sides unite and form half. Sometimes there. rings, encircling the body.. a lighter shade bordering the dark bars.. is. is. at others, corresponding bars. ;. Be-. neath black, blotched with yellowish white. Prairie 31er Rouge. 140. 24. 2.. + 21. 25.. Toxicopliis pug'iiax,. displaced. ;. 25 dorsal rows.. dark zigzag bars.. G.. —No loral. Jas. Fairie.. plate.. Second labial. Above olive-brown, with narrow transverse. Cheeks uniform light colored.. Greneral structure. Second. &. B.. 22t. 3 J.. of the. i)lates. labial pressed out of place,. edge of the mouth.. and with. loral.. apex alone on the. its. Scales of head smaller than in T. piscivorus.. Lower edge. Outline different.. No. as in T. piscivorus.. by parts of two. of orbit bordered. labials.. General color above light olive-brown series of indistinct square. unspotted.. beneath yellowish, with a. ;. brown blotches on each. A series. Tail entirely black.. side. ;. chin and throat. of transverse dark brown. zigzag lines are seen crossing the back, involving the entire surface of single scales; these lines are broken. render the definition of pattern very will be indicated. back; at others. Of. may. be traced to the blotches on the abdomen.. these blotches there are about. being from 3. to. or less, so as to. Sometimes the band. merely by a few dark scales on the middle of the. it. vals between the. up more. diflacult.. 30 from head. to anus.. The. inter-. bands are much larger than the bands themselves,. 6 scales in length.. No. indication of a dark patch. behind the eye, but the cheeks appeaf yellowish brown, brighter on the labials.. Indianola, Tex.. 145. 21. + 21. 25.. 36J. 5f. .. Col. J. D.. Graham..

ELAPS.. EliAPS,. Genus Body. Gen. Char.. 21. Schn.. slender and cylindrical, never exceeding three. or four feet in length.. Head somewhat. continuous with the body. ;. depressed, in most cases. subelliptical in shape, tapering forwards,. covered above with plates, generally nine in number.. No. Mouth moderately. cleft,. tween the eyes and the. nostrils.. pit be-,. not di-. Upper jaw furnished on each. latable as in the other serpents.. side. with a small permanently erect fang, situated more posterior than in. The. Crotalidas.. ing towards the. tail is. continuous with the body, conical, and taper-. Scales smooth;. tip.. subcaudal scutellae entirely. bifid.. Syn.. 1.. Elaps, Schn. Hist.. Elaps. neck.. Body. fulvillS, Cuv.. Amph.. — Head. Nat.. oval,. red, annulated with black rings. cal plate pentagonal, rounded anteriorly. ;. &. Lit.. 1801, 289.. posteriorly broader than the margined with yellow. Verti-. its. posterior tapering j^art in-. cluded between the occipitals. Stn. Nat. ed.. Coluber fulvius, lims. xiii, I, iii,. Syst. Nat.. Viperafulvia,. Harl.. Flaps. Cuv. Eiign. Anim.. fulviiis,. I,. Gm. Linn. Syst,. 1766, 881.. 1788, 1104.. Journ. Acad. Nat. So. Pliilad. V, 1827, 364.. —HoLBK. N. Amer. Herp.. II,. II,. 1817.— Fitz. N. Class. P^ept. 1826, PI. xviii and 2d ed. Ill, 1842,. 1838, 87.. ;. 61.. 49.. PI. X.. Harlequin Snake.. The red may be considered. as the ground-color of the body,. the black rings occupy nearly as. much. to give the general appearance of a succession of red. The yellow. is. intermediate.. The. and black. anterior part of the head. posterior point of the vertical plate, embracing the orbits, is also. the tip of the lower jaw.. cipital region. down. A. though. space above as the red, so as. is. rings.. from the black, as. yellow ring passes across the. to the inferior surface of the head,. oc-. embracing the. space between the posterior rim of the eye and the angle of the mouth. Then comes. a black ring, covering eight dorsal scales, margined pos-. teriorly with yellow.. From. this region to the origin of the tail, the. black and red rings from 14 to 10 in number each, alternate, being.

ELArs.. 22. The black. separated from each other by a narrow band of yellow. rings cover seven entire scales, space, five entire scales. and two. and two halves ; the intermediate red. and two halves. casionally cover nine and ten scales.. the. ;. the second. is. first. and the yellow either one. Some red. two halves only.. half-scales or. and yellow. ;. caudal ring. is. The black,. five. The. scales.. according to the. Underneath the. tip. may. may. and embraces ten. Two. yellow, and covers three scales.. The. yellow succeed and cover the same ground. black on. spaces. oc-. alternatively black. tail is. scales. j. black and two. tip of the tail iS. be either black or yellow, for,. there are either three or four black rings.. size,. occasionally one or. colors are the same, but dull;. more black rings may not surround the body.. The reddish spaces. are irregularly blotched with deep black, as also. sometimes on the. upper surface. Charleston, S. C.. " «. 2.. ESaps teiiere,. 207. 30. 15.. 28*. 3 J.. C. Girard.. 205. 39. 15.. 22i. 2|.. Dr. S. B. Barker.. 209. 37. 15.. llh. B.. & G.—-Head. ". II.. narrow, elongated, continuous with. Body fawn-colored, annulated with black and Vertical and occipital plates narrow and elongated.. the neck and body.. The ground-color. is. yellow.. of a light fawn, dotted with black, annulated. with black rings about one-third narrower than the fawn, and with The anyellow rings about the half of the width of the black ones. terior portion of the. head. is. black, from the posterior rim of the eye. across the middle of the vertical plate to the mouth, scarcely aifecting. the tip of the lower jaw.. A. yellow ring embraces the occipital. region from the eyes to the angles of the mouth.. There are thirteen. black rings from the head to the origin of the. and twice as many. tail,. yellow ones, the fawn-colored rings being equal in number to the. The. black ones.. first. black ring covers eight scales.. The succeed-. ing ones cover only sis, and occasionally the half of the next scale.. The yellow. rings embrace two entire scales and two halves.. The. fawn-color intermediate covers nine or ten scales, the last but one. only seven or eight, and the last. five or six.. On. the tail the fawn. is. absent, and two black and two yellow rings alternating cover the. whole space.. and two. The. first. of the caudal rings. half-scales; the yellow. .second black. is. black,. and embraces ten. coming next, covers four. scales; the. one twelve and two half-scales; the second yellow also.

ELAPS. four scales; the extreme tip of tail ation. is. 23 Undcrneatli, the color-. black.. the same, with less brilliancy. is. the fawn-colored rings are. ;. maculated with black blotches.. The. proportional difference in width between the colored rings con-. stitutes a great difference. a. much more. between this species and E. fuJvius.. It. is. slender snake, provided with a more slender head, which. imparts to the cephalic plates a more elongated shape, especially to the vertical and occipitals.. '^^. 2wf ^". 237+2.. }. N'etoBmuji/els, Tex.. ". 3.. Elaps. The eyes. &. G.. — Head. The and E.. 2.. 22.. 2J.. broad behind, pointed forwards. posterior triangular part. It has the red-colored ground, annulated with black. tencre.. casionally seven, :. its. of this species are intermediate between E. fulvius. affinities. rows. «. Eyes proportionally small.. rings, fourteen in. lateral. F. Lindheimer.. 26.. Vertical plate subpentagonal, equilateral, "with short and obtuse.. smaller.. 171. If. Col. J. D. Graham.. 26. 15.. 2^0^1.29.15. 224+1. 38. 15.. tristis, B.. much. also are. number, and covering. five or six scales. above, oc-. and only three or four when reaching the outer. thus these rings diminish towards the abdomen.. or. The. yellow rings on the other hand have the same width as in E. fulvius,. embracing one entire row of scales and two halves.. The intermedi-. ate red spaces affect six or seven scales, dotted all over with deep. The. black, as in the two preceding species.. three yellow rings, the tip being yellow.. embrace nine and eight. scales, the fourth. tail. The. has four black and. first. only sis.. three black ones. The intermedi-. ate yellow cover three or four scales.. The shape and. structure of the head, as given above, are the pro-. minent distinguishing characters. Kcm2->er Co., Miss.. Rio Grande W. of). ban Antonio.. ). 203. 41. 15.. ITf. 2i.. 209.40.15.. 10^.. U.. D.. C Lloyd.. Gen. Churchill..

EUTAINIA.. 24. EUTAIIVIA,. Genus. Body moderately. Gen. Char.. Anterior orbitals 1. normal.. species, slenderer in. ;. Cephalic plates. Abdominal. posterior 3.. scutellae all. Abdomi-. Dorsal rows of scales 19-21,. entire; subcaudal divided.. nal scutellce, 140-170.. some. stout in. Skin very extensible.. Scales carinated.. others.. Baird & Girae.. Subcaudal, 50-120.. General color, three. light stripes on a darker ground, intervals with alternating or tesse-. lated spots.. Many. Abdomen. the third. 1.. Mostly. terrestrial.. of the species ovo-viviparous.. A. Body very on. without square blotches.. and fourth rows of. Eutainia. saurlta,,. brown.. B.. scales.. &. G.. Dorsal rows 19.. —Very. Three stripes of uniform yellow.. chocolate.. Abdomen. greenish white.. Lateral stripe. Tail very long.. slender, elongated.. slender.. Color above light. Below the. lateral stripes, light. On an average. the length of tail. is. more. than one-third the total length. Stn.. 1827,. Coluber saurita, Linn. Syst. Nat.. I,. 1766, 385.. Gm. Linn. Syst.. 1109.— Hael. Journ. Acad. Nat. 352.—Stokek, Kep. Kept. Mass. 1839, 229.— Thomps.. Nat. ed.. xiii, I, iii,. 1788,. Sc.. Philad. V,. Hist, of. Verm.. 1842, 115. Leptophis sauritus, Holer.. New York. Fauna, 1842, 47.. Riband Snake. A broad. N. Amer. Herp. Ill, 1842, 21.. PI. iv.. Dekay,. PI. xi, fig. 24,. Swift Garter Snake.. ;. vertebral line of sulphur-yellow, occupying one and two. half-rows of scales, the line margined for half a scale on each side. with black.. A lateral. of lateral scales. 5. sionally speckled or. black, with. on each side along the 3d and 4th rows. margined with black.. numerous small yellow. in dilating the skin.. of lateral spots. occipitals.. stripe. the scales in the exterior edges of this stripe occa-. Skin between the scales. lines, half a scale long,. seen only. In some specimens the black shows as a series. The usual double. spot on the lino of union of the. Orbital plates yellowish white, as are the lower part and. sides of the head and throat..