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English Educatron Study Program
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STKIP PGRI West SumateraOrrl'
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Yesi Kurniati r; Sesmiyanti, S.S, M.Pd';, Dan Yola Merina,
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' -- ',rbnglieh drpartment Studentr collage nf teaching training and rduration PGRI Snmatera
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Email ; [email protected]
1)English deparknent lecturc, collage of teaching training and educatian PGRI Sumatem barat Email ; dises 09@,yahoo.com
') Englich departmcrrt lecture, eollage of teaching tr*ining and edumtion PGRI Sumatera harat Email : [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The parpose ttJ" this reseorch was to knov, abo*t studenls' reading abiktl,
in
readingJimctional t*xt. This research was descriprive. To get the particiEnnr, the rese*rcher u.ses clsuster random technique. Ilefore getting the prtieisxttts the researcher cht*sed the cla.cs which have normality. Studentsaf WII 3 grade o{SMPN ttr Padanginacadetnicyear2Al6.il0lTu,ere chr-to,\enas
* .sample becau-te fke cl*ss was norwal- Tb u:llected the dara, the researcher u.sed test antil frro lirues to know stadents' reading ability. The researcher uses {lN
frun
201I until 2A16 as instrument. Based an the .fiading, The. researcher .found that lwtt te.rf,r; l&e.s were difercnas- E{fi*'e\rr, the diflbrc*tvswere not significant. Frrsm the-/irst test $fid seiui)xd test the shtdentg reseiltwas ixcrcased" ReadingS1rst rc$t trrore lov, tharc ,second te.tt, it ct*, be .seen
-{rrsm #te an erage fu fit"st lesl u}ds 61,17 t and second tesl was 63,824. In additiunal, the researcher frsand the eomparison beta,een re*ding, test
I
and 2 was 0,At?/,j. Thus, in n:ading-fimctional text *r WII 3 gade af ShfPN l2 Pawl*ngwasJ"air.AILYTfrAX
Penetitisn ini bertujuan unmk menget*itui kemamgnmn mexrbac* siswa terhadap mernbscu teks firngsional. Jenis penelitian ini adalah desA'riptiJ. Lfuntk mendatrntk*n dan, peneliri mengunakan cf<ntster rawdrsrn lechnique. Sebehtm mx*tperol*k gtarlisiSx;rrr, perueliti memilih *elas
jnng
ten$i nomtatitasya. .t'r$rcl helas WII .3 .!},fP,ry' 12 Podrmg pada tahun ajaran 2016i2017 yrmg terpilih sebagai sampel karena ke.las ini nonnal. Peneliti menggunakan test pilihan p;arula dan dilakukax sebanyakdw
kali, hal ini dilahth$H agar peneliti mengelahui kemamp*an sixra yang sebenar*ju"Fenulis wengamhil .crxrf dnri L;l,l
20lt
,ramp*i ZAM. Fenetiti wetgtttttpttlkan soal und*ngn dan perlgut?ruwafi *ntak *rcngelahui kemartpu*n siswa. Berda,sadran ltanil Senelitian, Peneliti tnenemukan perbedaan ail{srct dudr tes. Bagaimana pun perbadaannTu tidak memm-iuldran peng*ruk besar. l}cwi les perta,$r{t d*u kedua ha"sil nilai sjsrta raea*rgfrst. Tes pertama lehih readah dari te:; kc da* datrwt dili"ht b*hv,a rata-r{tt* sifoi slsn'a pada test trertanra 63,171 dan te.r ke du* 63,824. Sebagai tamhahan,pweliti
menemukan perhandingax tesI
dan tes2
sebesar 0,Al%. D*pat disiwqtulkan bahawa kemampuan memb*c* siswa kelas WII 3 SMPN 12 Padang sedang.Key word: Fundional T^:t, Stwlents Abili$
?) First Advisor
3) Advisor
INTRODUCTION
Functional text is a text which function to help the reader in finding an information.
Functional text is written to give an information to readers. Functional text also a short text to remind the readers while reading for an information. In reading functional text, the students learn about how to catch an important information such as a theme, date, time, and detail information related to the text. Functional text is near to the students anvironment. The students can find functional text in public place such as restaurants, schools, hospitals, markets, departement stores and airport. If the students learn about functional text, the students automatically catch the common information of functional text in daily life. Moreover In learning functional text, the teacher explain the material in short time. The teacher has limit time in explaining functional text. The teacher also combine functional text with genres. Then, In teaching functional text is unoptimal. While having daily test, the teacher combine functional text and genre. It causes the students ability becoming unpredictable.
Based on interview that has done by the researcher with one of English teacher of SMPN 12 Padang on 15th March 2016. The researcher found some phenomenon of the students in reading functional text. Many students had difficulities to know about meaning in the text that they have read. So they did not comprehend the text. Futhermore, in learning process, some students were passive readers. They only accepted the material if the teacher explained to them and they only read the text without comprehending the text. Then, the students are lazy to read and has low interest in reading the text. Thus, most of students do not know their ability in reading functional text.
In conclusion, reading activity is hard for the students. The students just read the text without comprehending. In reading functional text they did not understand the content and the information. It is because the students did not know the meaning of the text. Then, most of the students are lazy to read because unknow the meaning of the text. So, the factors above influence students reading ability and most of the students do not know their ability in reading
functional text.Concerning with the phenomena above, many kinds of functional text are announcement, phamplets, greeting card, short massege, letter, memo, invitation and act. But in this research, the researcher only focuses on students ability in reading functional text specially invitation and announcement for VIII grade in SMP N 12 Padang. The resercher chooses functional text because functional text has contribution in daily life of students
.
Therefore, Seyler(2004:3) said reading is the process of obtaining or constructing meaning from a word or cluster of words. It means that reading has process to interpreting the word or cluster words into the appropriate meaning. In reading process the students need to know the meaning of the text to comprehend the contents of the text. While reading, the students should know the main idea, supporting detail, and all of information from the text. If the students have a good ability in reading, they will construct and interpret the content of the text.
Alderson (2000:9) said reading ability defined as the ability to answer a question relating to meanings not directly stated in text.
It can be concluded that reading ability talks about how the readers answer the question by knowing the context of the text. In other words, the readers should know information that not directly in a text and also have knowledge to support information in the text that they have read, so they easier to answer the question.
According , Leo and Henk (1997 :139) functional texts are written to attain goals:
educate, persuade, or instruct, how to order (structure) and phrase it style. It mean that, functional text has purpose to write the text depends on the context. For instance, in writing announcement text the writer should write the announcement by completing time, date, and place.
Wiyanto (2005:22) announcement language should be effective and easy to be received and comprehended by the reader.
Thus, the reader understand the announcement and avoided misunderstanding in reading announcement. In addition, Yuniar and Machis (2015:260) states that invitation letter contains asking for the receiver to attend on the day, date, place with appropriate event. It mean that invitation has purpose to ask someone to attend the agenda on day, date, and the place.
Invitation letter used to invite the people to join our event
Based on explanation above The researcher takes functional text because the functional text is a text that have function to help the reader in daily life. At second grade of Junior High School the teacher teaches functional text especially announcement and invitation. Therefore, the researcher in this research analyzes students’ reading ability in reading of functional text especially invitation and announcements. Futhermore, the researcher would give the students test to know their ability. The researcher gives test until two times. After giving the students a test, the researcher anlyzes students score and the researcher will make the percentage of the test.
The purpose of this research is to know the students’ ability in reading functional text at second VIII3 grade of SMPN 12 PADANG.
RESEARCH METHOD
The design of this research design was descriptive research, because the researcher analyzed the students reading ability in reading comprehension of functional text in SMPN 12 Padang. Gay(2000:275) descriptive research used to investigate the variety of educational problem and issues. It mean that descriptive research started of collecting and analyzing the data to find the answer of question. Based on the definition above, the aim of this research is to find out students ability in reading comprehension of functional text at second grade of SMPN 12 Padang.
In selecting the sample researcher used cluster random sampling. Gay and Airasian (2000:129) define that cluster random sampling is randomly selects groups, not individual. All the members of selected groups have similar characteristic. There eight classes in the second grade students of SMP N 12 Padang, they were VIII1, VIII2, VIII3, VIII4, VIII5, VIII6, VIII7 and VIII8. The researcher takes the students’
semester score of previous semester from English teacher of the classes. After that, the researcher found which normality and homogeneity data. In normality test, the researcher compared between p-value with 0.05 as standard of normality. Then the researcher found VIII3 was normal and as the sample. In analyzing data, the researcher
collected it through multiple choices test and the researcher collected the data by following step. The researcher gave the test until two times, to know students’ reading ability in reading comprehension. The researcher also used formula that was suggested by Abdurahman and Ellya (2003:264) to calculate the students’ grade by using formula in test as the following:
N = xSMax Where:
N = the level of mastery SM= score obtained.
SI=score tobe acheived SMax=scale that used (100)
Then the researcher calculated with the formula before and then knows about students’ reading ability
The data analyzed with some steps. First, the researcher checked the correct of the students’ test. The correct answer was marked by “√” and “X” for incorrect answer. Second, the researcher analyzed item difficulties, and index discrimination in first test and second test. Third, the researcher analyzed the score of students. Finally, the researcher calculated to the percentages of students’ score. The researcher used the formula that suggests by Sudijono (2010:43) to calculate the percentage at the following:
P = x 100%
Where:
P = digit percentage
N = total number of participants f = frequency of students’ correct answer
After measuring the students’ result by using calculates of students’ score, the researcher classified the students’ reading ability and the purposed of calculating the percentege gets the final finding in which the mean result is the avarage of whole students’
reading ability.
The data consists of students result in answering functional text. The reseacher took the result of students’ reading ability in reading functional text score at the second grade of SMPN 12 Padang in academic year 2016/2017.
The researcher analyzed the data. The data was analyzed by scoring the students’ reading ability in reading comprehension.
RESEARCH FINDING
The reseacher did the analysis about students ability in reading functional. The data consists of students result in answering functional.
1. Data analysis first test
The data of reading ability first test were the total scores of students. In finding students’ score can be calculated by using formula that Abdurahman and Ellya (2003:264) as follow:
N = 100
Moreover, after the researcher calculated the students’ reading ability in the first test , the researcher got several data as follow:
Table 4.1 Data analysis of Reading first test
score value
Lowest score 44
High score 80
Total score 2158
Average score =63,471
Based on the table above, the lowest score was 44 and the highest score was 80.
Sum was the total score of 40 students that equal to 2158. The everage of students score was 63,471. According to Sudijono the reng of 63,471 was fair. Related to this calculated, the student’s reading functional text ability was fair.
The researcher analized that there no students who had the score in range 0-20, no one students obtained the scores in range 21-40, students obtained the scores in range 41-60 were 13, students obtained scores in range 61- 80 were 21 and 81-100 were 1. For clearly, it can be seen in the diagram below.
Figure 4.1 The Range of Students’ Reading Ability first test
2. The data analysis second test
Data of reading ability second test were the total scores of students. In finding students’ score can be calculated by using formula that Abdurahman and Ellya (2003:264) as follow:
N = 100
Moreover, after the researcher calculated the students’reading ability in second test, the researcher got several data as follow:
Table 4.2 Data analysis of Reading second test
score value
Lowest score 48
High score 86
Total score 2170
Average score
= 63,824 The researcher analized that there no students who had the score in range 0-20, no one students obtained the scores in range 21-40, students obtained the scores in range 41-60 were 15, students obtained scores in range 61- 80 were 17 and 81-100 were 2. For clearly, it can be seen in the diagram below.
Figure 4.2 The Range of Students’ Reading Ability in second test
Based on analysis above the researcher has answered the research question in chapter one.
The research question was ‘’how are student’s ability in reading functional text at VIII grade of SMPN 12 Padang?’’. The students ability in reading functional text in eight grade SMPN 12 padang were fair. The researcher found in the first test the average of the students score was 63,471 and the second test were 63,824. The researcher found that two tests, there were diferences. However, the differences were not significant. From the first test and second test the students result was increased. Furtermore, the researcher had comparison between the first and second test. The researcher got the data as follow:
0 10 20 30
scores number of students
05 1015 20
scores number of students
Table 4.3 The Comparison Data analysis of Reading first test and Second test
Reading test value
Test 1 Test 2
Lowest score 44 48
High score 80 86
Total score 2158 2170
Average 63,471 63,824
Thecompararison tes 1 and tst2
P= 100%
=0, 01
%
The researcher concluded that the result of reading first test and second test had different highest score, because the highest score in reading first test was 80 and second test was 86. Furthermore, reading first test more low than second test, it can be seen from the average in first test was 63,471 and second test was 63,824. In additional, the researcher found the comparison between reading test 1 and 2 was 0,01%. Thus, in reading functional text at eight grade of SMPN 12 Pandang was fair. It can be seen that in reading functional text from first test and second test there were 26 student have above 70.
CONCLUSION
The researcher conluded, most of students at the second grade of SMPN 12 Padang had fair reading ability in reading functional text. The result in the first and second test, 26 students has above 70. In addition, 14 students in the first test has above 7 from 34 participants and 11 students in second test has above 7 from 34 participants. The everage of total score was 63,471 in the first test and 63,824 in second test. From the total score, the researcher conclud that students average was fair score. So, students’ reading ability in reading functional were fair.
SUGGESTION
The researcher proposed several suggestions for teachers and the next researcher.
First, for the teacher after reading this research result,the English teacher would get information about students’ reading ability in reading functional text. Furthermore, English teachers
expected to help and support the students in improving their reading ability in reading functional text. Second, for the next researcher, the researcher had done the research on students ability in reading functional text. the next researcher should develop this research into the next functional text. The next researcher should find the correlation between reading functional text with reading strategy in comprehension.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillahirabbil ‘alamin, praise to Allah SWT the researcher finally finishes this thesis with the title“ Students’ Ability in Reading functional text at the second Grade of SMPN 12 Padang ”. This thesis is written to fulfill of requirement to obtain S1 Degree of English Department of STKIP PGRI West Sumatera. The researcher also expresses deepest gratitude to the Sesmiyanti, S.S.,M.Pd., as researcher’s first advisor and Yola Merina S. S., M.Hum., researcher’s co-advisor who have guided the researcher to complete this thesis and gave valuable knowledge, suggestion, and support for her. The great thanks also addresses to Astuti Pratiwi, M.Pd., Suharni, M.Pd., and Dian Mega Putri, M. Pd., as the examiners who gave contribution, suggestion, comment, additional, correction to improve this thesis and to Armilia Riza, M.Pd., as head of English Department and Mayuasti, M.Pd., as Secretary of English Department.
REFERENCES
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Gay, Lr. Mills Geoffery E and Airasian P.Educational Research Competencies for Analysis and Applications. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Company.2000.
Leo and Henk. Discourse Analysis and EvaluationFunctionalApproaches.Ams terdam: The Netherlands. 1997.
Machis and Yuniar. Big Book Bahasa Inggris Smp.Jakarta:Cmedia
Imprint.2015.print.
Seyler, Dorothy U.The Reading Context.United States : Pearson Education.2004.
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