Supplemental Digital Content
eTable 1. Fit indices, classification qualities, and class proportions in the latent class growth analysis.
Number of classes
Number of free
parameters
BIC CAIC AWE Adjusted
LMR-LRT p-value
BLRT p-value
Entropy Class proportions (%)
1 class 50 217718.3 217768.3 218211.2 - - - 100
2 classes 66 215239.7 215305.7 215890.4 <0.001 <0.001 0.846 62.6, 37.4 3 classes 82 214678.6 214760.6 215487.0 0.588 <0.001 0.815 49.8, 36.4, 13.8 4 classes 98 214258.9 214356.9 215225.1 0.257 <0.001 0.785 39.5, 30.9, 19.4, 10.2 5 classes 114 213962.8 214076.8 215086.7 0.264 <0.001 0.835 49.2, 21.2, 14.1, 11.5, 4.0 6 classes 130 213805.9 213935.9 215087.6 0.214 <0.001 0.805 34.9, 22.3, 20.2, 12.8, 8.5, 1.4 7 classes 146 213722.0 213868.0 215161.3 0.725 <0.001 0.805 36.6, 19.4, 13.9, 12.1, 10.0, 6.7, 1.4 BIC: Bayesian information criterion
BIC = -2LL + d log(n),
where LL is the maximized log likelihood function value to which the EM algorithm converges during the model estimation;
d is the number of parameters estimated in the model; n is the number of subjects or cases, in the analysis sample.
CAIC: Consistent Akaike information criteria CAIC = -2LL + d [log(n) + 1]
AWE: Approximate weight of evidence criterion AWE = -2LL + 2d [log(n) + 1.5]
eTable 2. Descriptive statistics of participants in five neurodevelopment classes.
Latent class
High Normal Normal Low Normal Delayed Markedly Delayed
(n = 110, 11.5%) (n = 468, 49.2%) (n = 202, 21.2%) (n = 134, 14.1%) (n = 38, 4.0%) Mean (SD) /
percentage
Mean (SD) / percentage
Mean (SD) / percentage
Mean (SD) / percentage
Mean (SD) / percentage
Birthweight (g) 3041.3 (429.3) 2988.9 (401.5) 2846.5 (453.1) 2930.0 (457.3) 2815.0 (450.8)
Length (cm) 49.9 (2.2) 49.8 (2.0) 49.1 (2.8) 49.3 (2.7) 48.8 (2.8)
Gestational age at birth (week) 39.4 (1.4) 39.1 (1.4) 38.7 (1.6) 38.8 (1.6) 39.0 (1.7)
Male gender (%) 37.3 48.1 50.0 65.7 71.1
Low birthweight (%) 8.2 10 18.3 14.9 10.5
Preterm birth (%) 7.3 4.3 6.4 11.2 2.6
Small for gestational age (%) 3.6 4.7 7.4 6.7 13.2
Paternal age at birth (year) 33.5 (5.4) 33.0 (5.8) 34.3 (5.7) 34.1 (6.7) 32.7 (6.2) Maternal age at birth (year) 31.6 (5.1) 31.5 (4.9) 32.2 (5.0) 31.6 (5.2) 30.5 (4.9) Paternal education years (year) 14.1 (2.5) 14.1 (2.7) 14.5 (2.6) 13.8 (2.3) 13.7 (3.1) Maternal education years (year) 13.8 (2.1) 14.0 (1.8) 14.0 (2.0) 13.6 (2.1) 13.4 (1.9) Annual household income
(million-JPY)
5.97 (2.46) 6.22 (3.02) 6.22 (2.52) 5.81 (2.66) 5.44 (2.42)
