This research focuses on code switching used by first grade students at Al-Mawaddah Islamic Girls Hostel Coper Jetis Ponorogo. What factors cause code switching used by first grade students at Al-Mawaddah Islamic Girl Boarding School Coper Jetis Ponorogo. To describe the type of code switching used by first grade students at Al-Mawaddah Boarding School Coper Jetis Ponorogo.
Research Location
Researchers Role
The researcher interacts with the subject's activity at the research location, while the researcher collects data and organizes it separately. The collected and organized data will be analyzed, interpreted and reported by the researcher as a result.
Data Source
Technique of Collecting Data
Observations are the gathering of data by watching or engaging in activities.16 Many qualitative researchers prefer observational data information that can be seen, heard or felt directly by the researcher over other types. To find out about "a thing" that the researchers could not observe themselves.19 In this research, the researcher conducts interviews to know why the students use code switching. Any documentation approach must be focused on purpose.21 Document, on the other hand, is prepared for personal rather than official reasons and includes diaries, memos, letters and field notes.22 In this.
Technique of Analyzing Data
Miles and Huberman suggest that in the analysis of qualitative data, the activity is performed continuously until completion, thus creating data saturation. Data reduction refers to the process of selecting, focusing, simplifying, abstracting and transforming the data that appears in written field notes or transcripts. Displays help us understand what is happening and do something, analyze it further or take action based on that insight.27.
Checking of Validity
Research procedure
This procedure includes arranging the research plan, choosing the field or research location, organizing consent, observation, selection and use of information, preparation of instrument, and something related to research ethics. In this procedure, the understanding of the researcher involves preparation, entering the field, and interacting with the subject while collecting data. In this activity, researcher writes a research report of a dissertation on Code Switching used by First Grade Students at Al-Mawaddah Islamic Girls Boarding School Coper Jetis Ponorogo.
Organization of the Thesis Chapter I Introduction
Theoretical Background
Research Finding
Discussion
Closing
Theoretical Analysis
- Sociolinguistic
- Scope of Sociolinguistics
- Language Variation
- Bilingualism
- Code Switching
- Types of Code Switching
- The factors which cause Code Switching
They include a review of "Code switching used by the first class at Al-Mawaddah Islamic Girl Boarding School Coper Jetis Ponorogo.". Gumperz's analysis of community code-switching reveals that the situation is quite complex due to the many options available, with the "right" choice highly dependent on the social context and speaker's intent.42. Code-switching may arise from individual choice or be used as the main marker of identity for a group of speakers who have to deal with more than one language in their joint engagement.
Such varied combinations of two or more language varieties occur in numerous bilingual societies and communities, and are known as code-switching (CS). Code-switching allows a speaker to meet someone else halfway through, establishing and showing common ground. Code-switching shows that someone is a cooperative person, someone recognizes that not everyone comes from the same background.
Situational code-switching occurs when the language used changes according to the situations in which the confidant finds himself: they speak one language in one situation and another in another. Sometimes situational code-switching or metaphorical code-switching happens inside the conversation between people with the others when they communicate. A large number of factors determine whether code switching takes place at all in a given language contact situation.
Bullock in Almeida Jacqueline Toribio, The Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Code switching (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 98.
Previous of study
The researcher also adopted Agnes Oktaviani's thesis titled “The Use of Code Switching by MTV VJ of MTV Global Room in Global TV”. The form of code-switching that MTV VJ of MTV Global Room uses in Global TV, there are three forms: intersential code-switching, intra-sentential code-switching, and tag-switching. The reason for using this code switch is that there are a number of different reasons for the hosts of the MTV Global Room program using this code switch in that data.
55 Stevia Descarenza, “The Use of Code Switching by the Biology Teacher of VII i Class of SMPN Surakarta,” (Tesis, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, 2013), 78. The hosts create intra-sentential switching when presenting the program because of the familiar and simpler words and use of jargon. The hosts create Intersentential Switching when they present the program, to clarify, provide information, express condolences, express gratitude, introduce guests and have a break.
The hosts add Tag Switching when they speak to confirm, as an agreement to play a song, to remind and make sure the viewers.56. Based on the above statements, the researcher argues that there are some differences between the studies of Stevia Descarenza and Agnes Oktaviani and in this study, Stevania and Agnes focused on intersential code switching, tag code switching, and intra-sentential code switching. Meanwhile, in this study, the researcher focused on metaphorical code-switching and situational code-switching.
56 Agnes Octaviani Rahmanti Kusumawardani, "The use of code switching by MTV VJ from MTV Global Room in Global TV".
RESEARCH FINDING
- History of School Establishment
- Geographical Position
- Curriculum
- Extracurricular
- Teacher Situation
- Student Situation
- Facilities and Basic Facilities
- The Structure of Organization
- Specific Data
- The Data of Code Switching Used by First Grade Students at Al- Mawaddah Islamic Girl Boarding School Coper Jetis Ponorogo
- The Factors Which Cause Code Switching Used by First Grade Students at Al-Mawaddah Islamic Girl Boarding School Coper Jetis Ponorogo
The data of code switching used by first grade students at Al-Mawaddah Islamic Girls Hostel Coper Jetis Ponorogo. The following is an example of code switching used by the students in their daily conversation. The factors causing code switching used by first grade students at Al-Mawaddah Islamic Girls Hostel Coper Jetis Ponorogo.
Based on Miss Lailatus Sa'adah's opinion, the factors that cause Code Switching are; The students are unaware that foreign language is important, this happened because the people around students usually use mother tongue, this situation makes the motivation to use English lower and the motto of being a bilingual school could not be implemented . The students often used code-switching when they see that their senior is not using foreign language. Based on Miss Iftitah Khayati's opinion, the factors that cause Code Switching are the influence of their friends who do not have a will to use English and they are unaware that language is very important in this life.
Based on Ms. Syarifah Tan's opinion, some of the factors that cause code switching is that students do not understand that foreign language is very important and their discipline in using the language is uncontrolled. In particular, students used code-switching when they were in the room at Al-Mawaddah's second campus. Based on the above interview, the factors that cause the code switching used by the first graders do not know how to translate the sentence, they are more comfortable to use the Indonesian language.
Students sometimes used code-switching when they were in the mosque and in the toilets. From the above opinion, it can be concluded that the factors that cause code switching used by first grade students are difficulty speaking vocabulary in the language, difficulty memorizing vocabulary. Furthermore, in order to solve this problem, CLI/LAC must teach and guide them and suggest that using the language is not difficult.”62 From the above opinion, it can be concluded that the factors that cause the code-switching used by the first graders are that the students they are used to speaking in Indonesian language and have difficulty in memorizing vocabulary.
DISCUSSION
Code Switching Used by First Grade Students at Al-Mawaddah Islamic Girl Boarding School Coper Jetis Ponorogo
- The Types of Code Switching Used by First Grade Students at Al- Mawaddah Islamic Girl Boarding School Coper jetis ponorogo
Types of code switching used by first graders at Al-Mawaddah Coper Jetis Ponorogo Girls Islamic Boarding School Mawaddah Coper Jetis Ponorogo Girls Islamic School. A situational code switch occurs when there is a change in situation that causes bilinguals to switch from one code to another. Regarding the factor of choosing a code suggested by Dell H Hymes (1964), changing situations can be Settings, Participants or Norms of Interaction.63 Situational code switching occurs when the language used changes according to the situations in which the knower himself is found: they speak one language in one situation and another in another.64.
Another situational code switch also determines when the teacher gives an example of the explanation to make her explanation clear. Furthermore, the code-switching conversations also set in everyday conversation when Arini, Rara, Çika, Dina and Rita study in front of the mosque while doing their homework. From the conversation above, it is shown that Arina applies situational code switching by using the English language with her friends.
A metaphorical code switch occurs when there is a change in the perception, purpose, topic, or subject of the conversation. In relation to the factors, this type of shift involves the ending, the act sequences, or the key, but not the situation.65 Metaphorical code-switching has an affective dimension: you change the code while redefining the situation formally. Furthermore, code switching also defines in everyday conversations, for example when managers ask Sintia, Vivi and the members to speak English.
This can be seen when the leaders give notice to their members to use the language well in daily conversation.
During the announcement by the leaders, all the members are silent and pay attention to the managers, then the situation becomes formal. To be able to send the message to the communicator, a communicator must use a language that can be well understood by the communicator. When a communicator uses a language that could not be understood by the communicator, the message could not be sent to the communicator.
Code switching is common at Al-Mawaddah Islamic Girl Boarding School Coper Jetis Ponorogo where the students are required to use the formal language. The chance of code switching is high if there are students who do not have sufficient skills to write statements in formal language or in another language. This, for example, if the students talk to their friends in English and there is one of the friends who does not understand what the speaker is saying, then the speaker changes the language to Indonesian language.
Students are not aware enough that a foreign language is important, this happens because the people around the students usually use their mother tongue, that is. The influence of their friends who do not have the will to use English and do not realize that language is very important in this life, and it was difficult for them to memorize vocabulary. They cannot translate a sentence; they are more comfortable using the Indonesian language.
Students have a habit of conversing in Indonesian and want to tolerate other participants involved in the conversation.
CLOSING
Conclusion
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