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Available online at: http://ejournal.iainmadura.ac.id/index.php/alihkam/
Copyright (c) 2023 by Al-Ihkam, Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial
Tagyîr Mawdhî’ Inhirâf Qiblat al-Masjid fî Bamîkasân
‘alâ Asasi al-Tiknôlôjiyya al-Mutaqaddimah:
al-Tahlîla al-Ijtimâ’î wa al-Tsaqafî
Hosen
Institut Agama Islam Negeri Madura, Indonesia email: [email protected]
Abdul Jalil
Institut Agama Islam Negeri Madura, Indonesia email: [email protected]
Abd. Wahed
Institut Agama Islam Negeri Madura, Indonesia email: [email protected]
Ach. Muzayyin
Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia email: [email protected]
Ziyad Ravaşdeh Istanbul University, Turkey email: [email protected]
Article history: Received: May 25, 2023, Accepted: September 30, 2023, Published:
December 30, 2023
Abstract:
Reposition of wrongly-established qibla direction typically brings into controversy, particularly among takmir as the mosque officiants. However, what occured in Pamekasan shows different trends. This research therefore focuses on how the Pamekasan based takmir responded on the qibla direction reposition issue. It is a descriptive one based on qualitative data. The data was collected using interview to the takmir and
participatory observation at the research locus. The obtained data was then sorted and systematically arranged for verification to draw a conclusion. The research comes to a conclusion that; first, the deviation of qibla direction on the research locus was caused by wrongly-determined direction in the initial mosque building process due to the ignorance of Islamic astronomy or so called ilmu falaq theories. The mistake was figured out trough verification on the sun image and qiblat direction application. Second; the reposition was initiated by takmir who firstly consulted with experts on Islamic law and falaq, made scientific investigation by rechecking the mosque qibla direction using advanced technology, then announced the process result to the mosque congregation, and made a deliberation forum before doing the reposition replacing the older with the more accurate and newer one. Third; takmirs’
perception on the mosque qibla reposition tends to be supporting rather than opposing.
Keywords:
Qibla Direction; Deviation; Mosque; Technology
ﻣﻠ ﺨ ﺺ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺤ ﺚ
ﺃﺩ ﺕ ﻋ ﻤﻠ ﻴﺔ ﺇﻋ ﺎﺩ ﺓ ﺿ ﺒ ﻂ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺎ ﺟ ﺪ _ ﻟﻌﻠ ﺔ ﺍﳓ ﺮﺍ ﻑ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ _ ﺇ ﱃ ﺇﺛﺎ ﺭﺓ
ﻛﺜ ﲑ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﳋ ﻼ ﻓﺎ ﺕ ﺑ ﲔ ﺍﳌ ﺠ ﺘﻤ ﻊ،
ﻭ ﺧ ﺎ ﺻ ﺔ ﺑ ﲔ ﳉ ﺎﻥ ﺗﻌ ﻤ ﲑ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ،
ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻫ ﺬﻩ
ﺍﻟ ﻈﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺓ ﲣﺘ ﻠ ﻒ ﲟﺎ ﺣ ﺼ ﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻨ ﻄ ﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻣ ﻴﻜ ﺎﺳ ﺎﻥ
، ﳑﺎ ﳚ ﻌ ﻞ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺤ ﺚ ﻳﺮ ﻛ ﺰ
ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺠ ﺎﺑﺎ ﺕ ﳉ ﺎﻥ ﺗﻌ ﻤ ﲑ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺑﺒﺎ ﻣﻴ ﻜﺎ ﺳﺎ ﻥ ﺑ ﺸ ﺄﻥ ﻫ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟ ﻈﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺓ . ﻫ ﺬﺍ
ﺍﻟﺒ ﺤ ﺚ ﻭ ﺻ ﻔ ﻲ ﻳ ﺴ ﺮ ﻱ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺑﻴﺎ ﻧﺎ ﺕ ﻧﻮ ﻋﻴ ﺔ،
ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪﻡ ﰲ ﲨ ﻊ ﺑﻴﺎ ﻧﺎﺗ ﻪ
ﻣﻘ ﺎﺑ ﻼ ﺕ ﻣﻊ ﳉ ﺎﻥ ﺗﻌ ﻤ ﲑ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻭﻣ ﻼ ﺣ ﻈ ﺔ ﻏ ﲑ ﺍﳌ ﺸ ﺎﺭ ﻛ ﲔ ﰲ ﻣ ﻜﺎ ﻥ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺤ ﺚ .
ﻭﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺑﻌ ﺪ ﺫﻟ ﻚ ﺗ ﺼ ﻔﻴ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴ ﺎﻧﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﱵ ﰎ ﺇﻧ ﺸ ﺎﺅ ﻫﺎ ﰒ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻴﺒ ﻬﺎ ﺑ ﺸ ﻜ ﻞ ﻣﻨ ﻬ ﺠ ﻲ ﰒ
ﺍﻟﺘ ﺤ ﻘ ﻖ ﻣﻨ ﻬﺎ ﻣ ﻦ ﺃﺟ ﻞ ﺍﳊ ﺼ ﻮ ﻝ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻧﺘﺎ ﺋﺞ ﺍﻻ ﺳﺘ ﻨﺒﺎ ﻁ . ﻭﻗ ﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺿ ﺤ ﺖ ﻧﺘﺎ ﺋﺞ ﻫ ﺬﺍ
ﺍﻟﺒ ﺤ ﺚ
، ﺃﻭ ﻻً
؛ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌ ﺎﻣ ﻞ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺒ ﺐ ﻻ ﳓ ﺮﺍ ﻑ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻣ ﻜﺎ ﻥ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺤ ﺚ ﻫ ﻮ ﺃﻥ
ﺑﻨﺎ ء ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﱂ ﻳﺘ ﻢ ﻗﻴﺎ ﺳ ﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺍ ﻡ ﻣﺒﺎ ﺩ ﺉ ﻋﻠ ﻢ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻠ ﻚ
، ﻭﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺍﻛ ﺘ ﺸ ﺎ ﻑ ﺫﻟ ﻚ
ﺑﻌ ﺪ ﺍﻟﺘ ﺤ ﻘ ﻖ ﻣ ﻦ ﻇ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﺸ ﻤ ﺲ ﻭﺍ ﺳﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺍ ﻡ ﺗﻄ ﺒﻴ ﻖ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ . ﻭﺛ ﺎﻧﻴ ﺎ؛
ﺍﳌﺒ ﺎﺩ ﺭﻭ ﻥ
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 18 (2), 2023: 591-625 593
ﺑﺈ ﻋﺎ ﺩﺓ ﺿ ﺒ ﻂ ﺍﳓ ﺮﺍ ﻑ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﻠ ﺔ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺎ ﺟ ﺪ ﻫ ﻢ ﳉ ﺎﻥ ﺗﻌ ﻤ ﲑ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ،
ﻭﺫ ﻟ ﻚ ﻣ ﻦ
ﺧ ﻼ ﻝ ﺍﻟﺘ ﺸ ﺎﻭ ﺭ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳋ ﱪﺍ ء ﰲ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟﻌ ﻠﻮ ﻡ ﺍﻟ ﺸ ﺮﻋ ﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻋﻠ ﻢ ﺍﻟﺮ ﺅﻳ ﺔ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻠﻜ ﻴﺔ
ﺧ ﺎ ﺻ ﺔ،
ﰒ ﺇﺟ ﺮﺍ ء ﺍﻟ ﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟﻌ ﻠﻤ ﻴﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﺧ ﻼ ﻝ ﲢ ﻘ ﻖ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﺑﻨﺎ ءً
ﻋﻠ ﻰ
ﺍﻟﻌ ﻠﻮ ﻡ ﻭﺍﻟ ﺘﻜ ﻨﻮ ﻟﻮ ﺟﻴ ﺎ،
ﻭﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺑﻌ ﺪ ﺫﻟ ﻚ ﺇﺟ ﺮﺍ ء ﺍﻟﺘ ﻮ ﻋﻴ ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ﺘﺜﻘ ﻴ ﻒ ﳉ ﻤﺎ ﻋﺎ ﺕ
ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺎ ﺟ ﺪ،
ﰒ ﺍﻻ ﺗﻔﺎ ﻕ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺗﻐﻴ ﲑ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﻠ ﺔ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻭﻓ ﻖ ﻧﺘﺎ ﺋﺞ ﲢ ﻘ ﻖ ﺍﻟﻘ ﻴﺎ ﺱ
ﺍﳌ ﻀ ﺒﻮ ﻁ . ﻭﺛ ﺎﻟﺜ ﺎ؛
ﻛﺎ ﻥ ﺃﻏ ﻠ ﺐ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺠ ﺎﺑﺎ ﺕ ﳉ ﺎﻥ ﺗﻌ ﻤ ﲑ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺗﻮﺍ ﻓﻖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺇﻋ ﺎﺩ ﺓ
ﺿ ﺒ ﻂ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﻠ ﺔ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺎ ﺟ ﺪ .
ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﻠﻤ ﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺪﺍ ﻟﺔ :
ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ
؛ ﺍﻻ ﳓ ﺮﺍ ﻑ
؛ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ؛
ﺍﻟﺘ ﻜﻨ ﻮﻟ ﻮ ﺟﻴ ﺎ
ﺍﳌ ﻘ ﺪ ﻣﺔ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻻ ﲡﺎ ﻩ ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﺤ ﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﻫ ﻮ ﺃﻫ ﻢ ﺷ ﻲ ء ﺑﺎﻟ ﻨ ﺴ ﺒﺔ ﻟﻠ ﻤ ﺴ ﻠﻢ ﻋﻨ ﺪ ﺃﺩﺍ ء ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﻼ ﺓ،
ﻭﺇ ﻥ ﺍﳋ ﻄﺄ ﰲ ﲢ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﻳﺆ ﺩ ﻱ ﺇ ﱃ ﺑﻄ ﻼ ﻥ ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﻼ ﺓ ﺑ ﻼ ﳏﺎ ﻟﺔ
، ﻭ ﻛﺎ ﻥ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘ ﻮ ﻝ
ﺭﺃ ﻱ ﺍﻟﻌ ﻠﻤ ﺎء ﺍﻟ ﺬ ﻱ ﻳﻨﺒ ﲏ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺃﻣ ﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎ ﱃ ﻭ ﺳﻨ ﺔ ﻧﺒﻴ ﻪ ﳏ ﻤ ﺪ ﺻ ﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠ ﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻠ ﻢ .
ﻭﺇ ﻥ ﺍﻟﺘ ﺴ ﺎﻣ ﺢ ﰲ ﺃﺩﺍ ء ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﻼ ﺓ ﺑﻐ ﲑ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻨ ﻄﺒ ﻖ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺣ ﺎﻻ ﺕ ﻣﻌ ﻴﻨﺔ
، ﻣ ﻦ ﺑﻴﻨ ﻬﺎ
ﺣ ﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳊ ﺮ ﺏ
، ﻭ ﺣ ﺎﻟﺔ ﺗ ﺴ ﺒ ﺐ ﺍﳋ ﻮ ﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳌ ﺠ ﺘﻤ ﻊ،
ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨ ﺪ ﺃﺩﺍ ء ﺍﻟﻨ ﻮﺍ ﻓﻞ ﻓﻮ ﻕ ﺍﳌ ﺮ ﻛ ﺐ .
ﻓﻠ 1
ﺬﻟ ﻚ ﻓﺈ ﻥ ﺍﻻ ﲡﺎ ﻩ ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﺤ ﻴﺢ ﻟﻘﺒ ﻠﺔ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺑ ﻼ ﺷ ﻚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳ ﺴ ﺎﻧ ﺪ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﻠﻤ ﲔ ﰲ ﺃﺩﺍ ء
ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﻼ ﺓ . ﻭﻣ ﻊ ﺫﻟ ﻚ
، ﻓﺈﻧ ﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍ ﻝ ﻫﻨ ﺎﻙ ﻛﺜ ﲑ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺎ ﺟ ﺪ ﻻ ﻳﻨ ﻀ ﺒ ﻂ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﻠ ﺘﻬ ﺎ ﺇ ﱃ
ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﻌﺒ ﺔ ﺍﳌ ﺸ ﺮﻓ ﺔ ﲟ ﻜ ﺔ ﺍﳌ ﻜ ﺮﻣ ﺔ،
ﲝﻴ ﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨ ﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻌ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺎ ﺕ ﺃﻇ ﻬﺮ ﺕ ﺍﳓ ﺮﺍﻓ ﺎ ﺕ
1 Muḥammad’Alī al-Ṣābūnī, Rawāi’ al-Bayān Tafsīr Ayāt al-Aḥkām min al-Qurān, III., vol. 1 (Damaskus: Maktabah al-Gazālī, 1980).
ﰲ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﻋ ﺪﺓ ﻣ ﺴ ﺎ ﺟ ﺪ،
ﻣﻨ ﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺣ ﺼ ﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺪ ﻳﺮﻳ ﺔ ﻛﺎ ﺭ ﻱ ﲟﻨ ﻄ ﻘﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺩﻳ ﻮ ﻥ -
ﺟ ﺎﻭ ﺓ ﺍﻟ ﺸ ﺮﻗ ﻴﺔ
، ﺑﺄ ﻥ ﻫﻨ ﺎﻙ ﲬ ﺴ ﺔ
) 5
ﻣ (
ﺴ ﺎ ﺟ ﺪ ﺷ ﻬ ﺪ ﺕ ﺍﳓ ﺮﺍﻓ ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﲟﺎ ﻳﺘﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺡ
ﺑ ﲔ ﲬ ﺴ ﺔ
) 5
ﺇ (
ﱃ ﺛ ﻼ ﺛ ﲔ
) 30
ﺩﺭ (
ﺟ
2 ﺔ،
ﻭﺃ ﻳ ﻀ ﺎ ﺟ ﺎﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻴ ﺖ ﺍﳌ ﻌﻤ ﻮﺭ ﲟﻮ ﻻﺑ ﻮﻩ - ﻏﺮ ﺏ
ﺁﺗ ﺸ ﻴﻪ
، ﻭ ﻛ ﺬﻟ ﻚ ﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺍﳌﻨ ﻮﺭ ﺓ ﲝ ﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻳ ﻨﻐ ﻤﺎ ﻧﻎ
، ﻗﺮ ﻳﺔ ﻛﺎ ﻟﻴ ﺠ ﺎ ﰐ - ﻣﻨ ﻄ ﻘﺔ ﺳ ﻮﺑ ﺎﻧ ﻎ،
ﺟ ﺎﻭ ﺓ ﺍﻟﻐ ﺮﺑﻴ ﺔ،
ﻭﺍﻟ ﺬ ﻱ ﺷ ﻬ ﺪ ﺍﻷ ﻭ ﻝ ﻣﻴ ﻼ ﺃﻛ ﺜﺮ ﻣ ﻦ ﻋ ﺸ ﺮﻳ ﻦ
) 20
ﺩﺭ (
ﺟ ﺔ ﺇ ﱃ ﺍﳉ ﻨﻮ ﺏ
3
ﻭﺍﻟ ﺜﺎ ﱐ ﲬ ﺴ ﺔ
) 5
ﺩﺭ (
ﺟ ﺔ . ﻭ 4
ﰲ ﻧﻔ ﺲ ﺍﻟﻮ ﻗ ﺖ
، ﺃﻥ ﻣ ﻦ ﻋ ﺪ ﺩ ﻭﺍ ﺣ ﺪ ﻭ ﻋ ﺸ ﺮﻳ ﻦ
) 21 (
ﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪﺍ ﰲ ﻣﻨ ﻄ ﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻣ ﻴﻜ ﺎﺳ ﺎﻥ
، ﺷ ﻬ ﺪ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﺘﺔ
) 6
ﻣﻨ (
ﻬﺎ ﻓﻘ ﻂ ﺗﻨ ﻀ ﺒ ﻂ ﰲ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ
،
ﰲ ﺣ ﲔ ﺷ ﻬ ﺪ ﺕ ﲬ ﺴ ﺔ ﻋ ﺸ ﺮ
) 15
ﺍﻟﺒ (
ﺎﻗﻴ ﺔ ﺗﻨ ﺤ ﺮ ﻑ ﰲ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﻠ ﺘﻬ ﺎ ﲟﺎ ﻳﺘﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺡ ﺃﻛ ﺜﺮ ﻣ ﻦ
ﻋ ﺸ ﺮﻳ ﻦ
) 20
ﺩﺭ (
ﺟ ﺔ . ﻭﺑ 5
ﻨﺎء ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻫ ﺬﻩ ﺍﳊ ﻘﻴ ﻘﺔ
، ﻳﺒ ﺪ ﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻠ ﻤ ﺴ ﺎ ﺟ ﺪ ﲝﺎ ﺟ ﺔ
ﺇ ﱃ ﺗﻘﻴ ﻴﻢ
، ﺑﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﺰ ﻡ ﺍﻷ ﻣﺮ
، ﳚ ﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜ ﻮ ﻥ ﻫﻨ ﺎﻙ ﺇﻋ ﺎﺩ ﺓ ﲢ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻜ ﻞ
ﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ . ﻭ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻭ ﺟ ﻪ ﺍﻟﺘ ﺤ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﰲ ﺇﻧ ﺪ ﻭﻧ ﻴ ﺴ ﻴﺎ،
ﺃﻧﻪ ﰎ ﺗﻨ ﻈﻴ ﻢ ﺿ ﺒ ﻂ ﺍﻻ ﲡﺎ ﻩ ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﺤ ﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ
ﻣ ﻦ ﺧ ﻼ ﻝ ﻓﺘ ﻮ ﻯ ﳎﻠ ﺲ ﺍﻟﻌ ﻠﻤ ﺎء ﺍﻹ ﻧﺪ ﻭﻧ ﻴ ﺴ ﻲ ﺭﻗ ﻢ ﻟﻌﺎ 05
ﻡ ﻡ،2010
ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﻳﻨ ﺺ ﳏﺘ ﻮ ﻯ
ﺍﻟﻔ ﺘﻮ ﻯ
، ﻛ ﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ ﻘ ﻄ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺜ ﺎﻟﺜ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟﻘ ﻮ ﻝ ﺍﻷ ﻭ ﻝ : ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺒﻠ ﺔ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﻠﻤ ﲔ ﺍﻹ ﻧﺪ ﻭﻧ ﻴ ﺴ ﻴ ﲔ
2 Roro Welas Asih, “Arah Kiblat Masjid Di Kecamatan Kare Ditinjau Dari Metode Pengukuran Arah Kiblat (Rasd Al-Qiblah) Harian” (IAIN Ponorogo, 2020), https://etheses.iainponorogo.ac.id/12334/.
3 Riza Afrian Mustaqim and Reza Akbar, “Study on the Causes of Inaccuracy of Qibla Direction of the Great Mosque Baitul Makmur West Aceh,” Jurnal Ilmiah Al-
Syir’ah 19, no. 1 (2021): 30, https://journal.iain-
manado.ac.id/index.php/JIS/article/view/1315/985.
4 Susanto, Ari Wibowo, and Yadi Subhan, “Perhitungan Dan Penentuan Arah Kiblat Di Masjid Al-Munawwarah Kp. Marengmang Kaljati Subang,” Bernas: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 4, no. 2 (2023): 1522–1531, https://ejournal.unma.ac.id/index.php/bernas/article/view/4433/2810.
5 Hosen Hosen and Ghafiruddin Ghafiruddin, “Akurasi Arah Kiblat Masjid Di Wilayah Kecamatan Pademawu Kabupaten Pamekasan Dengan Metode Mizwala Qibla Finder,” AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial 13, no. 2 (December 31,
2018): 364–381,
http://ejournal.iainmadura.ac.id/index.php/alihkam/article/download/1837/1291.
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 18 (2), 2023: 591-625 595
ﻫ ﻲ ﺇ ﱃ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻐ ﺮ ﺏ ﺍﻟ ﺸ ﻤﺎ ﱄ ﺑﻨﻘ ﺎ ﻁ ﳐﺘ ﻠﻔ ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺣ ﺴ ﺐ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﻨ ﻄ ﻘﺔ
6. ﻭﻟ ﺬﻟ ﻚ
، ﳚ ﺐ
ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺍﻟﺘ ﺤ ﻘ ﻖ ﻣ ﻦ ﻧﺎ ﺣﻴ ﺔ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﺑ ﺸ ﻜ ﻞ ﺻ ﺤ ﻴﺢ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺣ ﺴ ﺐ ﻣﻮ ﻗﻊ
ﻛ ﻞ ﻣﻨ ﻄ ﻘﺔ
، ﻭﺫ ﻟ ﻚ ﺑﺎ ﻹ ﺿ ﺎﻓ ﺔ ﺇ ﱃ ﺍﳊ ﺴ ﺎﺑﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻠﻜ ﻴﺔ . ﻭ ﰲ ﺣ ﺎﻟﺔ ﺣ ﺪ ﻭ ﺙ ﺧ ﻄﺄ ﺃﻭ ﻋ ﺪﻡ
ﺍﻧ ﻀ ﺒﺎ ﻁ
، ﻓﻤ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻀ ﺮﻭ ﺭ ﻱ ﺇﻋ ﺎﺩ ﺓ ﺿ ﺒ ﻂ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ
، ﻭ ﺧ ﺎ ﺻ ﺔ ﺑﺎﻟ ﻨ ﺴ ﺒﺔ ﻟﻠ ﻤ ﺴ ﺎ ﺟ ﺪ ﲟﺎ ﺃ¬
ﺎ
ﺃﻣﺎ ﻛ ﻦ ﻋﺒ ﺎﺩ ﺓ ﻟﻠ ﻤ ﺴ ﻠﻤ ﲔ . ﻭﺇ ﻥ ﻋ ﻤﻠ ﻴﺔ ﺇﻋ ﺎﺩ ﺓ ﺿ ﺒ ﻂ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻠ ﻤ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺍﳌﻨ ﺤ ﺮ ﻑ
ﺍﻻ ﲡﺎ ﻩ ﻫ ﻮ ﺇﺟ ﺮﺍ ء ﳚ ﺐ ﺍﲣ ﺎﺫ ﻫﺎ .
7
ﻛ ﻤﺎ ﻋﺮ ﻓﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌ ﺮﺓ ﺍﻷ ﻭ ﱃ ﺍﻟ ﱵ ﺣ ﺪ ﺙ ﻓﻴ ﻬﺎ ﺗﻐﻴ ﲑ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘ ﺎﺭ ﻳﺦ ﻛﺎ ﻧ ﺖ
ﻋﻨ ﺪﻣ ﺎ ﰎ ﲢ ﻮﻳ ﻞ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﺑﻴ ﺖ ﺍﳌ ﻘﺪ ﺱ ﺑﻔﻠ ﺴ ﻄ ﲔ ﺇ ﱃ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﻌﺒ ﺔ ﺍﳌ ﺸ ﺮﻓ ﺔ ﲟ ﻜ ﺔ ﺍﳌ ﻜ ﺮﻣ ﺔ،
ﻭﺫ ﻟ ﻚ ﻋﻨ ﺪﻣ ﺎ ﻛﺎ ﻥ ﺍﻟﻨ ﱯ ﺻ ﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠ ﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻠ ﻢ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍ ﻝ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻗﻴ ﺪ ﺍﳊ ﻴﺎﺓ
، ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﻳ ﺸ ﲑ
ﺍﳌ ﺆﺭ ﺧ ﻮ ﻥ ﺇ ﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘ ﺤ ﻮﻳ ﻞ ﺣ ﺪ ﺙ ﻳﻮ ﻡ ﺍﻻ ﺛﻨ ﲔ ﺭ 15
ﺟ ﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜ ﺎﻧﻴ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ
ﺍﳍ ﺠ ﺮﺓ
، ﻭﺑ ﺎﻟ ﻀ ﺒ ﻂ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ﺸ ﻬﺮ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﺎﺑ ﻊ ﻋ ﺸ ﺮ ﺑﻌ ﺪ ﻫ ﺠ ﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻨ ﱯ ﺻ ﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠ ﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻠ ﻢ ﺇ ﱃ
ﺍﳌ ﺪﻳ ﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨ ﻮﺭ ﺓ . ﻭﺑ 8
ﻌﺪ ﺫﻟ ﻚ ﺑﻌ ﺼ ﻮﺭ
، ﻟﻘ ﺪ ﺃﺟ ﺮ ﻯ ﺍﻟ ﺸ ﻴﺦ ﳏ ﻤ ﺪ ﺃﺭ ﺷ ﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻨ ﺠ ﺮ ﻱ ﰲ
ﺍﻟﻘ ﺮ ﻥ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﺎﺑ ﻊ ﻋ ﺸ ﺮ ﺍﳌﻴ ﻼ ﺩ ﻱ ﻋ ﻤﻠ ﻴﺔ ﺇﻋ ﺎﺩ ﺓ ﺿ ﺒ ﻂ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷ ﺭ ﺧﺒ ﻴﻞ ﺍﻹ ﻧﺪ ﻭﻧ ﻴ ﺴ ﻲ
،
ﻭﺫ ﻟ ﻚ ﻟﻠ ﻤ ﺴ ﺎ ﺟ ﺪ ﰲ ﺟﻴ ﻤﺒ ﺎﺗﺎ ﻥ ﻟﻴ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺑ ﻴﻜ ﻮ ﺟ ﺎﻥ ﲜﺎ ﻛ ﺮﺗ ﺎ،
ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﺻ ﺮ ﺡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻫ ﺎ ﺕ
ﻗﺒﻠ ﺔ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺎ ﺟ ﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨ ﻄ ﻘﺔ ﻻ ﺗ ﺸ ﲑ ﺇ ﱃ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﻌﺒ ﺔ ﰲ ﻣ ﻜ ﺔ،
ﻓ ﻼ ﺑﺪ ﻣ ﻦ ﲢ ﻮﻳ ﻠﻬ ﺎ . ﰒ 9
ﺑﻌ ﺪ
6 Komisi Fatwa MUI, Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Tentang Arah Kiblat (Indonesia, 2010), https://fatwamui.com/storage/63/5.-Fatwa-Arah-Kiblatttt.pdf.
7 Abdul Jalil and Hosen Hosen, “QIBLA JURISPRUDENCE: Deviation of Mosques’ Qibla in Pamekasan Madura,” Islamuna: Jurnal Studi Islam 7, no. 2 (2020):
143–165, http://ejournal.iainmadura.ac.id/index.php/islamuna/article/view/3381.
8 Syihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad bin ‘Abd al-Wahhāb al-Nawīrī, Nihāyah Al-Arab Fī Funūn Al-Adab, 1st ed., vol. 16 (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2004)., Muḥammad bin Sa’d bin Manī’ al-Zuhrī, Kitāb Al-Ṭabaqāt Al-Kabīr, ed. ‘Alī Muḥammad ‘Amr, 1st ed., vol. 1 (Kairo: al-Khanijī, 2001)., Syauqī Abū Khalīl, Aṭlas Al-Sīrah Al-Nabawiyyah (Damaskus: Dâr al-Fikr, 2003).
9 Azyumardi Azra, Jaringan Ulama Timur Tengah & Kepulauan Nusantara Abad XVII & XVIII; Akar Pembaharuan Islam di Indonesia, Perenial. (Depok: Prenadamedia Group, 2018). E. Gobée and C. Andriaanse, Nasihat-Nasihat C. Snouck Hurgronje Semasa
ﺫﻟ ﻚ
، ﰎ ﺗﻨﻔ ﻴﺬ ﻋ ﻤﻠ ﻴﺔ ﺇﻋ ﺎﺩ ﺓ ﺿ ﺒ ﻂ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻋﺎ ﻡ ﻡ1897
ﻣ ﻦ ﻗﺒ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﺸ ﻴﺦ ﺃ ﲪ ﺪ
ﺩ ﺣ ﻼ ﻥ
، ﻣﺆ ﺳ ﺲ ﲨ ﻌﻴ ﺔ ﺍﳌ ﺤ ﻤ ﺪﻳ ﺔ،
ﻭﺫ ﻟ ﻚ ﳌﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻣ ﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻉ ﰲ ﻋﻠ ﻢ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻠ ﻚ ﺍﻟ ﺬ ﻱ ﻣﺎ ﺭ ﺳ ﻪ
ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﺸ ﺎﳜ ﻪ،
ﻓﻘ ﺪ ﻗﺎ ﻡ ﺍﻟ ﺸ ﻴﺦ ﺑﺈ ﻋﺎ ﺩﺓ ﺿ ﺒ ﻂ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﳉ ﺎﻣ ﻊ ﻛ ﻮﻣ ﺎﻥ ﲜ ﻮ ﻏ ﺠ ﺎﻛ ﺮﺗ ﺎ،
ﻭ ﻫ ﻮ ﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺗﺎﺑ ﻊ ﳌﻤ ﻠﻜ ﺔ ﺟ ﻮ ﻏ ﺠ ﺎﻛ ﺮﺗ ﺎ . ﻓ 10
ﻜ ﻞ ﻫ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌ ﻤﻠ ﻴﺎ ﺕ ﺍﳌ ﺬ ﻛ ﻮﺭ ﺓ ﺗﺒ ﺪ ﻱ ﻟﻨﺎ
ﺃﻥ ﺇﻋ ﺎﺩ ﺓ ﺿ ﺒ ﻂ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﻗﺪ ﰎ ﺇﺟ ﺮﺍ ﺅ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻨ ﺬ ﻓﺘ ﺮﺓ ﻃ ﻮﻳ ﻠﺔ .
ﻭ ﰲ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌ ﺼ ﺮ ﺍﳊ ﺪﻳ ﺚ
، ﺃ ﺻ ﺒﺢ ﲢ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﻣﺘ ﻘﺪ ﻣًﺎ ﺑ ﺸ ﻜ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺰﺍﻳ ﺪ،
ﻓﻤ ﻊ
ﻭ ﺟ ﻮﺩ ﺃﺟ ﻬﺰ ﺓ ﻭﺗ ﻄﺒ ﻴﻘﺎ ﺕ ﺇﻟ ﻜﺘ ﺮﻭ ﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺘ ﻄ ﻮﺭ ﺓ ﻟﻠﻐ ﺎﻳﺔ
، ﺃ ﺻ ﺒﺢ ﲢ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﺃﺳ ﻬ ﻞ ﳑﺎ
ﻛﺎ ﻥ
، ﺑﻞ ﳝ ﻜ ﻦ ﺇﺟ ﺮﺍ ﺅﻩ ﲟ ﺴ ﺘﻮ ﻯ ﻋﺎ ﻝٍ
ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﺪﻗ ﺔ،
ﻭﳝ ﻜ ﻦ ﺃﺧ ﺬﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻻ ﻋﺘ ﺒﺎ ﺭ ﻣ ﻦ ﺣﻴ ﺚ
ﺍﳌ ﻌﺮ ﻓﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺪﻳ ﻨﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻋﻠ ﻢ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻠ ﻚ . ﻭﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻌﺒ ﲑ ﻋ ﻦ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨ ﻮ ﻉ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻘﺪ ﻡ ﰲ ﻭ ﺟ ﻮﺩ ﺍﳍ ﻮﺍﺗ ﻒ
ﺍﻟ ﺬ ﻛﻴ ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌ ﺰﻭ ﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺮ ﻗﻤ ﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ ﱵ ﻳ ﺴ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪﻣ ﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌ ﻠﻤ ﺎء ﰲ ﻋﻠ ﻢ ﺍﳊ ﺴ ﺎ ﺏ . ﻭﻟ ﻨﻌﻠ ﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨ ﺎﻙ
ﻋ ﺪﺓ ﺗﻄ ﺒﻴﻘ ﺎ ﺕ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺍﳍ ﻮﺍﺗ ﻒ ﳝ ﻜ ﻦ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺍ ﻣﻬ ﺎ ﻟﺘ ﺤ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ
، ﻣﺜ ﻞ ﺑﻮ ﺻ ﻠﺔ
ﺍﻟ ﺸ ﻤ ﺲ
) Sun Compass
،(
ﻭﺗ ﻘﻮ ﱘ ﺍﻟ ﺸ ﻤ ﺲ ﻭﺍﻟ ﻘﻤ ﺮ
) Sun & Moon Calendar
،(
ﻭﺍﻟ ﻘﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻹ ﻧﺪ ﻭﻧ ﻴ ﺴ ﻲ
) Al-Qurán Indonesia
ﻭ (
ﻏ ﲑ ﻫﺎ . ﻭﻣ ﻦ ﺍﳌﺜ ﲑ ﻟﻼ ﻫﺘ ﻤﺎ ﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻫ ﺬﻩ
ﺍﻟﺘ ﻄﺒ ﻴﻘﺎ ﺕ ﳝ ﻜ ﻦ ﺗﱰ ﻳﻠﻪ ﳎﺎ ﻧًﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ "
ﻣﺘ ﺠ ﺮ
"
Playstore
ﻭﳝ ﻜ ﻦ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺍ ﻣﻪ ﺑ ﺴ ﻬ ﻮﻟ ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ
ﺍﳍ ﻮﺍﺗ ﻒ ﺍﻟ ﺬ ﻛﻴ ﺔ .
ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻏﺮ ﺍﺭ ﺣ ﺎﻻ ﺕ ﺃﺧ ﺮ ﻯ ﻟﻌ ﻤﻠ ﻴﺔ ﺇﻋ ﺎﺩ ﺓ ﺿ ﺒ ﻂ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﻠ ﺔ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺎ ﺟ ﺪ ﰲ
ﺇﻧ ﺪ ﻭﻧ ﻴ ﺴ ﻴﺎ،
ﻗﺎ ﻣ ﺖ ﺍﻟﻌ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺎ ﺟ ﺪ ﰲ ﻣﻨ ﻄ ﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻣ ﻴﻜ ﺎﺳ ﺎﻥ ﺃﻳ ﻀً
ﺎ
¹ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌ ﻤﻠ ﻴﺔ
، ﻭﻣ ﻦ
ﺑ ﲔ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺎ ﺟ ﺪ ﺍﳋ ﻤ ﺴ ﺔ ﻋ ﺸ ﺮ ﺍﻟ ﱵ ﺍﳓ ﺮ ﻑ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﻠ ﺘﻬ ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨ ﻄ ﻘﺔ
، ﻟﻘ ﺪ ﺃﺟ ﺮ ﻯ ﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪﺍ ﻥ
ﻣﻨ ﻬﺎ
¹ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌ ﻤﻠ ﻴﺔ
، ﻭ ﳘ ﺎ ﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ ﰲ ﻗﺮ ﻳﺔ ﺑﺮﻳ ﻜﺒ ﻮ ﻥ ﻭﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻧﻮ ﺭ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ ﰲ
Kepegawaiannya Kepada Pemerintah Hindia Belanda 1889-1936, vol. V (Jakarta: INIS, 1991), https://tengkuputeh.com/2017/08/14/nasihat-nasihat-c-snouck- hurgronje/nasihat-nasihat-c-snouck-hurgronje-jilid-5/.
10 Arwin Juli Rakhmadi Butar-Butar, Kakbah Dan Problematika Arah Kiblat (Yogyakarta: Museum Astronomi Islam, 2013).
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 18 (2), 2023: 591-625 597
ﻗﺮ ﻳﺔ ﺳ ﻮﺑ ﺎﺃﻩ -ﻗ ﺮﻳ ﺔ ﺑﺎ ﺩﳝ ﺎﻭ . ﻟﻘ ﺪ ﻗﺎ ﻡ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪﺍ ﻥ ﺑ ﻀ ﺒ ﻂ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﻠ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﻼ ﺓ ﻭﺗ ﻮﻓ ﻴﻘ ﻬﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ
ﺍﻟﻮ ﺟ ﻪ ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﺤ ﻴﺢ
، ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﻛﺎ ﻥ ﻟﻠ ﻤ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺍﻷ ﻭ ﻝ ﺍﳓ ﺮﺍ ﻑ ﻗﺪ ﺭﻩ
’ 24 9˚
ﻗﻮ ﺱ ﻭﻟ ﻠﺜﺎ ﱐ
ﺍﳓ ﺮﺍ ﻑ ﻗﺪ ﺭﻩ
’ 10 9˚
ﻗﻮ ﺱ
، ﳑﺎ ﻳﺘ ﻄﻠ ﺐ ﺫﻟ ﻚ ﺗﻐﻴ ﲑ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﻠ ﺔ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪﻳ ﻦ . ﻭﺃ ﻧﻪ ﻟﻘ ﺪ
ﺍﺳ ﺘﻐ ﺮ ﻕ ﻗﺮﺍ ﺭ ﺇﻋ ﺎﺩ ﺓ ﺿ ﺒ ﻂ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﳍ ﺬﻳ ﻦ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪﻳ ﻦ ﻭﻗ ﺘًﺎ ﻃ ﻮﻳ ﻼً
ﻭ ﺟ ﻬ ﺪﺍ ﻗﺎ ﺳﻴ ﺎ،
ﻟﺘﺄ ﺛﲑ
ﻃﺒ ﻴﻌ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺸ ﻌ ﺐ ﺍﳌﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺭ ﻱ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺎﺳ ﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌ ﻤﻠ ﻴﺔ
، ﻭﻟ ﻮ ﻛﺎ ﻧ ﺖ ﻫ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟ ﻄﺒ ﻴﻌ ﺔ ﺗﺘ ﻼ ﺷ ﻰ ﻣﻊ
ﺗﻄ ﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌ ﻠﻮ ﻡ ﻭﺍﻟ ﺘﻜ ﻨﻮ ﻟﻮ ﺟﻴ ﺎ . ﻭﺫ ﻟ ﻚ ﺑﻌ ﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻧ ﺼ ﻒ ﺍﻟﺰ ﻋ ﻤﺎ ء ﺍﻟ ﺪﻳ ﻨﻴ ﻮ ﻥ ﺍﳌ ﺤ ﻠﻴ ﻮ ﻥ ﺑﺈ ﻋﺎ ﺩﺓ
ﺍﻟﺘ ﻔ ﻜ ﲑ ﰲ ﺃﳘ ﻴﺔ ﻣ ﻄﺎ ﺑﻘ ﺔ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺻ ﺤ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﻼ ﺓ ﳑﺎ ﻟﺘ ﺨ ﺬ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﻥ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪﺍ ﻥ ﻗﺮﺍ ﺭ
ﺗﻐﻴ ﲑ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ ﻬﺎ ﻳﺔ . ﻭ ﻛﺎ ﻥ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨ ﻄﻠ ﻖ ﺃﺳ ﺎﺳ ﺎ ﻟﻠﺒ ﺎ ﺣ ﺚ ﰲ ﺟ ﻌ ﻞ ﻫ ﺬﻳ ﻦ
ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪﻳ ﻦ ﻣﻮ ﺿ ﻮ ﻋﺎ ﻣﻮ ﺿ ﻌﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﺒ ﺤ ﺚ .
ﻭﻗ ﺪ ﰎ ﺇﺟ ﺮﺍ ء ﺍﻟﻌ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺎ ﺕ ﺣ ﻮ ﻝ ﺗﻐﻴ ﲑ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺎ ﺟ ﺪ ﻣ ﻦ
ﻗﺒ ﻞ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎ ﺣﺜ ﲔ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﺎﺑﻘ ﲔ
، ﻭﻟ ﻜ ﻦ ﺗﺒ ﲔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍ ﻝ ﺩﺍﺋ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻨ ﺎﻙ ﻓﺮ ﻳﻘﺎ ﻥ ﳜﺘ ﻠﻔ ﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻫ ﺬﺍ
ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﺪ ﺩ،
ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﺫ ﻛ ﺮ ﳏ ﻤ ﺪ ﻋﻔ ﻴ ﻒ ﺍﻟ ﺪﻳ ﻦ ﻭ 11
ﻋ ﲔ ﺍﻟﻴ ﻘ ﲔ ﰲ 12
ﲝﺜ ﻬ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﳉ ﺎﻥ ﺗﻌ ﻤ ﲑ
ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺍﺧ ﺘﺎ ﺭﻭ ﺍ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻤ ﺴ ﻚ ﺑﺂ ﺭﺍﺋ ﻬ ﻢ ﺇ ﱃ ﺟ ﺎﻧ ﺐ ﻭ ﺟ ﻮﺩ ﺍﺧ ﺘ ﻼ ﻑ ﺍﻵ ﺭﺍ ء ﺑ ﲔ ﺍﳌ ﺠ ﺘﻤ ﻊ ﻓﻴ ﻤﺎ
ﻳﺘﻌ ﻠﻖ ﺑﺘﻐ ﻴﲑ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ
، ﻭﺑ ﺎ ﺧﺘ ﺼ ﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻ ﺧﺘ ﻼ ﻑ ﺩﺍﺋ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﺋ ﻢ ﺑ ﲔ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺎﺑﻠ ﲔ ﻭﺍﻟ ﺮﺍﻓ ﻀ ﲔ
،
ﻭﺭ ﻏ ﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ ﻬﺎ ﻳﺔ ﻫﻨ ﺎﻙ ﻓﺮ ﻳﻖ ﻳﺮ ﻓ ﺾ ﻋ ﻤﻠ ﻴﺔ ﺗﻐﻴ ﲑ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻫ ﻢ،
ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ
ﺍﻟﻔ ﺮﻳ ﻖ ﺍﻵ ﺧ ﺮ ﺍﳌﺘ ﺒﺎﻳ ﻦ ﻓ ﻀ ﻞ ﺑﻨﺎ ء ﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺟ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻ ﲡﺎ ﻩ ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﺤ ﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻌ ﺾ
11 Muhamad Afifudin, “Sikap Dan Pendapat Takmir Terhadap Arah Kiblat Masjid Dan Mushola (Study Kasus Di Kecamatan Tingkir Kota Salatiga)” (Institut
Agama Islam Negeri Salatiga, 2016), http://e-
repository.perpus.uinsalatiga.ac.id/793/.
12 Ahmad Ainul Yaqin, “Konflik Sosial Terhadap Perubahan Arah Kiblat Masjid Nurul Iman Balang Karanglo Klaten Selatan,” Jurnal SMaRT Studi Masyarakat,
Religi dan Tradisi 4, no. 1 (2018): 51–62,
https://journal.blasemarang.id/index.php/smart/article/view/587.
ﺍﻷ ﺣ ﻮﺍ ﻝ . ﻭﻣ ﻦ ﻧﺎ ﺣﻴ ﺔ ﺃﺧ ﺮ ﻯ ﻗﺎ ﻝ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎ ﺣ ﺚ ﻣﻨﻴ ﻒ
13؛ ﻭﺍﻟ ﺒﺎ ﺣﺜ ﺎﻥ ﺭﻳ ﺰﺍ ﺃﻓ ﺮﻳ ﺎﻥ ﻣ ﺴ ﺘﻘﻴ ﻢ
ﻭﺭ ﻳﺰﺍ ﺃﻛ ﱪ
14، ﰲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﲔ ﳐﺘ ﻠﻔﺘ ﲔ
، ﺇﻧﻪ ﺑﻌ ﺪ ﺇﺟ ﺮﺍ ء ﺇﻋ ﺎﺩ ﺓ ﺍﻻ ﲡﺎ ﻩ،
ﻛﺜ ﲑﺍ ﻣﺎ ﳜﺘ ﺎﺭ
ﳉ ﺎﻥ ﺗﻌ ﻤ ﲑ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺇﻋ ﺎﺩ ﺓ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻫ ﻢ ﺇ ﱃ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻫ ﻪ ﺍﻷ ﺻ ﻠﻲ
، ﻭﺫ ﻟ ﻚ ﻟﻠ ﺤ ﻔﺎ ﻅ ﻋﻠ ﻰ
ﻛ ﺮﺍ ﻣﺔ ﺃﺳ ﻼ ﻓﻬ ﻢ،
ﻣﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊ ﻘﻴ ﻘﺔ ﺃ¬
ﻢ ﻋﺮ ﻓﻮ ﺍ ﺑﺄ ﻥ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻫ ﻢ ﻣﻨ ﺤ ﺮ ﻑ
، ﻟﻜ ﻨﻬ ﻢ
ﺗﺮ ﻛ ﻮﻩ ﻛ ﻤﺎ ﻫ ﻮ . ﻭ ﳑﺎ ﳚ ﺪ ﺭ ﺑﺎﻟ ﺬ ﻛ ﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺠ ﺎﺑﺎ ﺕ ﳉ ﺎﻥ ﺗﻌ ﻤ ﲑ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺎ ﺟ ﺪ ﺍﳌ ﺬ ﻛ ﻮﺭ ﺓ ﰲ
ﺍﻟﺒ ﺤ ﺜ ﲔ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﺎﺑﻘ ﲔ ﺣ ﺪﺛ ﺖ ﺃﻳ ﻀً
ﺎ ﺑﺎﻟ ﻔﻌ ﻞ ﰲ ﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻧﻮ ﺭ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ ﻭﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ
، ﺇﻻ
ﺃﻥ ﳉ ﺎﻥ ﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻧﻮ ﺭ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ ﻭﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ ﺗ ﺴ ﻠﻤ ﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ ﻬﺎ ﻳﺔ ﻟﻘﺒ ﻮ ﻝ ﻗﺮﺍ ﺭ ﺇﻋ ﺎﺩ ﺓ
ﺿ ﺒ ﻂ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﻠ ﺔ ﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻫ ﻢ .
ﺑﻨﺎ ءً
ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺤ ﺜ ﲔ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﺎﺑﻘ ﲔ
، ﻳﺒ ﺪ ﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻐﻴ ﲑ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﻠ ﺔ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺻ ﻔﻮ ﻑ
ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﻼ ﺓ ﻳﻌﺘ ﻤ ﺪ ﺑ ﺸ ﻜ ﻞ ﻛﺒ ﲑ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻣﻮ ﻗ ﻒ ﳉ ﻨﺔ ﺗﻌ ﻤ ﲑ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﲝﻴ ﺚ ﱂ ﺗﻮ ﺟ ﺪ ﻧﺘﺎ ﺋﺞ
ﲝﺜ ﻴﺔ ﺗﻈ ﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨ ﺠ ﺎ ﺡ ﰲ ﺗﻐﻴ ﲑ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻠ ﻤ ﺴ ﺎ ﺟ ﺪ ﻣﺜ ﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺣ ﺼ ﻞ ﰲ ﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ
ﻭﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻧﻮ ﺭ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ ﰲ ﻣﻨ ﻄ ﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻣ ﻴﻜ ﺎﺳ ﺎﻥ . ﻓﻠ ﺬﻟ ﻚ
، ﻳﺮ ﻏ ﺐ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎ ﺣ ﺚ ﰲ ﺍﺳ ﺘﻜ ﻤﺎ ﻝ
ﺃﻭ ﺟ ﻪ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺼ ﻮﺭ ﺍﳌ ﻮ ﺟ ﻮﺩ ﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻷ ﲝﺎ ﺙ ﺍﻟ ﱵ ﰎ ﺇﺟ ﺮﺍ ﺅ ﻫﺎ ﺳﺎ ﺑﻘًﺎ
، ﻭﺫ ﻟ ﻚ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺘ ﻜ ﺸ ﺎ ﻑ
ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺠ ﺎﺑﺎ ﺕ ﳉ ﺎﻥ ﺗﻌ ﻤ ﲑ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺑ ﺸ ﺄﻥ ﺗﻐﻴ ﲑ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﻠ ﺔ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺍﻟ ﺬ ﻱ ﰎ ﺗﻨﻔ ﻴﺬ ﻩ .
ﻭﺑ ﺎﻟﺘ ﺤ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﻓﺈ ﻥ ﺍﳍ ﺪ ﻑ ﻣ ﻦ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺤ ﺚ ﻫ ﻮ ﺍﺳ ﺘﻜ ﺸ ﺎ ﻑ ﺃﻣ ﻮﺭ
؛ ﺃﻭ ﻻً
، ﲞ ﻄ ﻮﺍ ﺕ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻌﺮ ﻑ
ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺍﻻ ﳓ ﺮﺍﻓ ﺎ ﺕ ﰲ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﻠ ﺔ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻭﺍﻟ ﻌﻮ ﺍﻣ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﺒﺒﻴ ﺔ ﳍﺎ
، ﻭﺛ ﺎﻧﻴ ﴼ؛
ﺍﳌﺒ ﺎﺩ ﺭﻭ ﻥ ﺑﻌ ﻤﻠ ﻴﺔ
ﺗﻐﻴ ﲑ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﻠ ﺔ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺑﺎﻟ ﺘﻘﻨ ﻴﺔ ﺍﳊ ﺪﻳ ﺜﺔ
، ﻭﺛ ﺎﻟﺜ ﺎ؛
ﺭﺩ ﻭﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺠ ﺎﺑﺎ ﺕ ﳉ ﺎﻥ ﺗﻌ ﻤ ﲑ
ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻋ ﻤﻠ ﻴﺔ ﺗﻐﻴ ﲑ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﻠ ﺔ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ .
13 Ahmad Munif, “Kontroversi Fiqh Kiblat; Studi Komparatif Atas Fiqh- Mitologis Dan Fiqh-Falak Di Masjid Agung Demak,” Isti’dal; Jurnal Studi Hukum Islam 1, no. 1 (2014): 41–54, https://ejournal.unisnu.ac.id/JSHI/article/viewFile/314/589.
14 Mustaqim and Akbar, “Study on the Causes of Inaccuracy of Qibla Direction of the Great Mosque Baitul Makmur West Aceh.”
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 18 (2), 2023: 591-625 599
ﻣﻨ ﺎﻫ ﺞ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺤ ﺚ
ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺤ ﺚ ﻫ ﻮ ﲝ ﺚ ﻭ ﺻ ﻔ ﻲ ﻳﻘ ﺪﻡ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻛﻴ ﻔﻴ ﺔ ﻧﻮ ﻋﻴ ﺔ ﻓﻴ ﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌ ﻠﻖ ﺑﻈ ﺎﻫ ﺮﺓ ﺗﻐﻴ ﲑ
ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﻠ ﺔ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺎ ﺟ ﺪ ﰲ ﻣﻨ ﻄ ﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻣ ﻴﻜ ﺎﺳ ﺎﻥ
، ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﺃﺧ ﺬ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺤ ﺚ ﺍﻟﺒﻴ ﺎﻧﺎ ﺕ ﺍﳌﺒ ﺎﺷ ﺮﺓ ﰲ
ﻣﻨ ﻄ ﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻣ ﻴﻜ ﺎﺳ ﺎﻥ
، ﻭﺑ ﺎﻟﺘ ﺤ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﰲ ﻗﺮ ﻳﺔ ﺑﺮﻳ ﻜﺒ ﻮ ﻥ ﻭﻗ ﺮﻳ ﺔ ﺳ ﻮﺑ ﺎﺃﻩ
، ﺑﺄ ﻥ ﻗﺎ ﻡ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎ ﺣ ﺚ ﲜ ﻤ ﻊ
ﺍﻟﺒﻴ ﺎﻧﺎ ﺕ ﻋ ﻦ ﻃ ﺮﻳ ﻖ ﺇﺟ ﺮﺍ ء ﺍﳌ ﻘﺎﺑ ﻼ ﺕ ﻭﺍ ﳌ ﻼ ﺣ ﻈﺎ ﺕ
، ﲟﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌ ﻘﺎﺑ ﻼ ﺕ ﺃﺟ ﺮﻳ ﺖ ﻣﻊ ﲦﺎ ﻧﻴﺔ
) 8
ﺃﺷ (
ﺨ ﺎ ﺹ ﰲ ﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ ﰲ ﻗﺮ ﻳﺔ ﺑﺮﻳ ﻜﺒ ﻮ ﻥ ﻭﺗ ﺴ ﻌﺔ
) 9
ﺃﺷ (
ﺨ ﺎ ﺹ ﰲ ﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻧﻮ ﺭ
ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ ﰲ ﻗﺮ ﻳﺔ ﺳ ﻮﺑ ﺎﺃﻩ
، ﻭ ﰎ ﺇﺟ ﺮﺍ ء ﻫ ﺬﻩ ﺍﳌ ﻘﺎﺑ ﻼ ﺕ ﺑﻄ ﺮﻳ ﻘﺔ ﻏ ﲑ ﻣﻨ ﻈ ﻤﺔ
، ﻛ ﻤﺎ ﰎ ﺇﺟ ﺮﺍ ء
ﺍﳌ ﻼ ﺣ ﻈﺎ ﺕ ﺑ ﺸ ﻜ ﻞ ﻏ ﲑ ﺗ ﺸ ﺎﺭ ﻛ ﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻌ ﺪﻳ ﻞ ﺍﳌ ﺪﺓ ﺣ ﺴ ﺐ ﺍﺣ ﺘﻴﺎ ﺟ ﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎ ﺣ ﺚ . ﻭﺑ ﻌﺪ
ﺫﻟ ﻚ
، ﰎ ﲢﻠ ﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴ ﺎﻧﺎ ﺕ ﻣ ﻦ ﺧ ﻼ ﻝ ﺍﳌ ﺮﺍ ﺣ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﱵ ﺍﻗﺘ ﺮ ﺣ ﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﻳ ﻠﺰ
، ﻭ ﻫ ﻮﺑ ﺮﻣ ﺎﻥ
، ﻭ ﺳﺎ ﻟﺪ ﺍﻧﺎ .
ﻭﺑ 15
ﺎﻟﺘ ﻔ ﺼ ﻴﻞ
، ﳝ ﻜ ﻦ ﺭﺅ ﻳﺔ ﺗﻘﻨ ﻴﺔ ﲢﻠ ﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴ ﺎﻧﺎ ﺕ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪﻣ ﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﻮﺭ ﺓ .1
ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﻮ ﺭﺓ ﺍﻷ ﻭ ﱃ ) ١ ﺗﻘﻨ ( ﻴﺔ ﲢﻠ ﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴ ﺎﻧﺎ ﺕ
ﺍﺳ ﺘﻨﺎ ﺩﺍ ﺇ ﱃ ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﻮﺭ ﺓ
،1
ﻳﺒ ﺪ ﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨ ﺎﻙ ﺃﺭﺑ ﻊ ﻣﺮ ﺍﺣ ﻞ ﰲ ﲢﻠ ﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴ ﺎﻧﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﱵ ﻗﺎ ﻡ
¹ﺎ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎ ﺣ ﺚ
، ﻭ ﻫ ﻲ ﲨ ﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴ ﺎﻧﺎ ﺕ
، ﻭﺗ ﻜﺜ ﻴ ﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﻴ ﺎﻧﺎ ﺕ
، ﻭ ﻋﺮ ﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﻴ ﺎﻧﺎ ﺕ
،
15Miles & Huberman Saldana, Qualitative Data Analysis (America: SAGE Publications, 2014).
ﻭﺍﻟ ﺘ ﺤ ﻘ ﻖ / ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺨ ﻼ ﺹ ﺍﻟﻨﺘ ﺎﺋ ﺞ . ﻭﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺇﺟ ﺮﺍ ء ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘ ﺤ ﻠﻴ ﻞ ﺑ ﺸ ﻜ ﻞ ﺗﻔﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻲ ﻣﻨ ﺬ ﺑﺪ ﺍﻳﺔ ﲨ ﻊ
ﺍﻟﺒﻴ ﺎﻧﺎ ﺕ .
ﺍﻟﻨ ﺘﺎﺋ ﺞ ﻭﺍ ﳌﻨ ﺎﻗ ﺸ ﺔ
ﲢ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺃﺳ ﺒﺎ ﺏ ﺍﳓ ﺮﺍ ﻑ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﻠ ﺔ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺎ ﺟ ﺪ
ﻟﻄ ﺎﳌﺎ ﻛﺎ ﻧ ﺖ ﻗ ﻀ ﻴﺔ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﳏ ﻞ ﺍﻫ ﺘﻤ ﺎﻡ ﺍﳋ ﱪﺍ ء ﰲ ﳎﺎ ﻝ ﺍﳊ ﺴ ﺎ ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ ﺮﺅ ﻳﺔ
،
ﻭﺫ ﻟ ﻚ ﻷ ﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻜﺜ ﲑ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ ﺎ ﺱ ﻟﺪ ﻳﻬ ﻢ ﺗ ﺼ ﻮﺭ ﺍ ﺕ ﻭﺗ ﻔ ﺴ ﲑﺍ ﺕ ﳐﺘ ﻠﻔ ﺔ ﻓﻴ ﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌ ﻠﻖ ﺑﺘ ﺤ ﺪﻳ ﺪ
ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ
، ﻭﻣ ﻦ ﰒ ﻓﺈ ﻥ ﻫ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘ ﺼ ﻮﺭ ﺍ ﺕ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺆ ﺩ ﻱ ﺇ ﱃ ﻋ ﺪﻡ ﺍﻟ ﺪﻗ ﺔ ﰲ ﲢ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ
ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ
، ﻭﻣ ﻦ ﺍﳌﺜ ﲑ ﻟﻼ ﻫﺘ ﻤﺎ ﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋ ﻄﺄ ﰲ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﺣ ﺪﺛ ﺖ ﻣﻨ ﺬ ﻋ ﻬ ﺪ ﺍﻟﻨ ﱯ ﺻ ﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ
ﻋﻠ ﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻠ ﻢ . ﺑﻞ ﻛﺎ ﻧ ﺖ ﺇﻋ ﺎﺩ ﺓ ﲢ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺣ ﺪﺛ ﺖ ﺑﺎﻟ ﻔﻌ ﻞ ﰲ ﻋ ﻬ ﺪﻩ ﺻ ﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ
ﻋﻠ ﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻠ ﻢ،
ﻭﺃ ﺛﺎ ﺭ ﺫﻟ ﻚ ﺍﳊ ﺪ ﺙ ﺟ ﺪ ﻻً
ﺑ ﲔ ﺍﻟﻴ ﻬ ﻮﺩ
، ﰲ ﺣ ﲔ ﺍﺳ ﺘﻤ ﺮ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﻠﻤ ﻮ ﻥ ﰲ
ﺍﻻ ﻟﺘﺰ ﺍﻡ ﺑﺘﻐ ﲑ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﻭﺇ ﻗﺎ ﻣﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﻼ ﺓ ﺑﺎ ﲡﺎ ﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﺍﳉ ﺪﻳ ﺪ . ﻟﻘ ﺪ ﺣ ﺪ ﺙ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻐﻴ ﲑ
ﻋﻨ ﺪﻣ ﺎ ﻛﺎ ﻥ ﺍﻟﻨ ﱯ ﻳ ﺼ ﻠﻲ ﺻ ﻼ ﺓ ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﺒﺢ
، ﰒ ﺗﺒﻌ ﻪ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﻠﻤ ﻮ ﻥ ﺍﻟ ﺬﻳ ﻦ ﻛﺎ ﻧﻮﺍ ﻳ ﺼ ﻠﻮ ﻥ ﻣﻌ ﻪ ﰲ
ﺫﻟ ﻚ ﺍﻟﻮ ﻗ ﺖ ﻣﺒﺎ ﺷ ﺮﺓ
، ﲝﻴ 16
ﺚ ﻳ ﺼ ﺒﺢ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﳊ ﺪ ﺙ ﺑﻌ ﺪ ﺫﻟ ﻚ ﺃﺳ ﺎﺳ ﺎ ﻹ ﻋﺎ ﺩﺓ ﲢ ﺪﻳ ﺪ
ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺣ ﺎﻟﺔ ﺣ ﺪ ﻭ ﺙ ﺧ ﻄﺄ .
ﻭﻣ ﻊ ﺗﻘ ﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺰ ﻣﺎ ﻥ
، ﺃ ﺻ ﺒﺢ ﲢ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﺃﺳ ﻬ ﻞ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺃ ﻱ ﺷ ﺨ ﺺ . ﺑﻞ
ﺍﻟﻴ ﻮﻡ
، ﺗﺘ ﻮﻓ ﺮ ﺃﺩ ﻭﺍ ﺕ ﻭﺗ ﻘﻨﻴ ﺎ ﺕ ﻣﺘ ﻄ ﻮﺭ ﺓ ﳝ ﻜ ﻦ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺍ ﻣﻬ ﺎ ﻟﺘ ﺤ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﻌﺒ ﺔ ﺍﳌ ﺸ ﺮﻓ ﺔ
ﰲ ﻣ ﻜ ﺔ ﺍﳌ ﻜ ﺮﻣ ﺔ ﺑﺪ ﻗﺔ . ﻭﻟ ﻜ ﻦ ﻫﻨ ﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻌ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﳉ ﻮﺍﻧ ﺐ ﺍﻟ ﱵ ﳚ ﺐ ﻣﺮ ﺍﻋ ﺎÅ ﺎ ﻋﻨ ﺪ ﲢ ﻘ ﻖ
ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺍ ﻡ ﺍﻷ ﺩﻭ ﺍ ﺕ ﺍﳊ ﺪﻳ ﺜﺔ
؛ ﺃﻭ ﻻً
، ﻧﻮ ﻉ ﺍﻷ ﺩﺍ ﺓ ﺍﻟ ﱵ ﺳﻴ ﺘﻢ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺍ ﻣﻬ ﺎ،
ﻋﻠ ﻤﺎ ﺑﺄ ﻥ
ﻫﻨ ﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻌ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻷ ﺩﻭ ﺍ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﱵ ﺗ ﺼ ﻨ ﻒ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺃ¬
ﺎ ﺃﺩ ﻭﺍ ﺕ ﻋﺎ ﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻘﻨﻴ ﺔ ﻟﺘ ﺤ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ
16 Muḥyi al-Dīn bin Yaḥyā bin Syaraf al-Nawāwī, “Ṣahīh Muslim Bi Syarḥ Al- Nawāwī,” in 5 (Mesir: al-Maṭba’ah al-Misriyyah bi al-Azhār, 1929).
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 18 (2), 2023: 591-625 601
ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ
، ﲟﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟ ﻚ ﺍﻟﺒ ﻮ ﺻ ﻼ ﺕ ﺍﻟﺮ ﻗﻤ ﻴﺔ ﻭﻧ ﻈﺎ ﻡ ﲢ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺍﳌ ﻮﺍ ﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌ ﺎﳌ ﻲ
) (GPS
ﻭﺍﻟ ﺘﻄ ﺒﻴﻘ ﺎ ﺕ
ﺍﳌﺘ ﻮﻓ ﺮﺓ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺍﻷ ﺟ ﻬﺰ ﺓ ﺍﳌ ﺤ ﻤ ﻮﻟ ﺔ،
ﻭﻟ ﻜ ﻞ ﻧﻮ ﻉ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻷ ﺩﻭ ﺍ ﺕ ﺧ ﺼ ﺎﺋ ﺼ ﻪ ﺍﳋ ﺎ ﺻ ﺔ،
ﲟﺎ ﰲ
ﺫﻟ ﻚ ﺍﳌ ﺰﺍﻳ ﺎ ﻭﺍﻟ ﻌﻴ ﻮ ﺏ . ﺛﺎﻧ ﻴﺎ؛
ﺍﻟﻘ ﺪ ﺭﺓ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻮﻓ ﻴﻖ ﺑ ﲔ ﻋﻠ ﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻜﻨ ﻮﻟ ﻮ ﺟﻴ ﺎ ﻭ ﻋﻠ ﻮﻡ ﺍﻟ ﺪﻳ ﻦ
،
ﻓﺈ ﻥ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺍ ﻡ ﺍﻷ ﺩﻭ ﺍ ﺕ ﺍﳌﺘ ﻄ ﻮﺭ ﺓ ﺑﺪ ﻭ ﻥ ﻭ ﺟ ﻮﺩ ﻓﻬ ﻢ ﺟﻴ ﺪ ﻟﻠ ﺪﻳ ﻦ ﻳﺆ ﺛﺮ ﺑ ﺸ ﻜ ﻞ ﻛﺒ ﲑ ﰲ
ﻗﻴﺎ ﺱ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ . ﺛﺎﻟ ﺜﺎ؛
ﺩﻗ ﺔ ﺍﻷ ﺩﺍ ﺓ،
ﻓﺈ ﻥ ﻛ ﻞ ﻧﻮ ﻉ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻷ ﺩﻭ ﺍ ﺕ ﻟﺪ ﻳﻪ ﻣ ﺴ ﺘﻮ ﻯ ﳐﺘ ﻠ ﻒ
ﲞ ﺼ ﻮ ﺹ ﺍﻟ ﺪﻗ ﺔ،
ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺍﻟﺮ ﻏ ﻢ ﻣ ﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻜﻨ ﻮﻟ ﻮ ﺟﻴ ﺎ ﺍﻟﻌ ﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ ﺗﺘ ﻄ ﻮﺭ ﺑ ﺸ ﻜ ﻞ ﻣﺘ ﺰﺍﻳ ﺪ،
ﳚ ﺐ
ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺧ ﱪﺍ ء ﺍﳊ ﺴ ﺎ ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ ﺮﺅ ﻳﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔ ﻬ ﻤ ﻮﺍ ﻣ ﺴ ﺘﻮ ﻯ ﺩﻗ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﻛ ﻞ ﺃﺩﺍ ﺓ . ﺭﺍﺑ 17
ﻌﺎ : ﺣ ﺴ ﻦ
ﺍﻟﺘ ﻮﺍ ﺻ ﻞ ﻭﺍﻟ ﺘ ﺨ ﻄﻴ ﻂ
، ﻓﺈ ﻥ ﺑﻨﺎ ء ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻳﺘ ﻄﻠ ﺐ ﲣ ﻄﻴ ﻄ ﴼ ﺟﻴ ﺪﺍ ﻳﺒ ﺪﺃ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ ﺎ ﺣﻴ ﺔ ﺍﳌﺎ ﺩﻳ ﺔ،
ﻭﺍ ﳌﻴ ﺰﺍﻧ ﻴﺔ
، ﻭﺃ ﻳ ﻀ ﺎ ﺻ ﺤ ﺔ ﺍﳌ ﻮﻗ ﻊ،
ﻓﺈ ﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﻧ ﺖ ﳉ ﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻌﻤ ﲑ ﱂ ﳜ ﻄ ﻄ ﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻨ ﺎء ﺑ ﺸ ﻜ ﻞ ﺟﻴ ﺪ،
ﻓﻤ ﻦ ﺍﳌ ﻤ ﻜ ﻦ ﺃﻥ ﲢ ﺪ ﺙ ﺃﺧ ﻄﺎ ء ﻓﻴ ﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌ ﻠﻖ ﺑﺘ ﺤ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺆ ﺩ ﻱ ﺇ ﱃ ﻋ ﻮﺍ ﻗ ﺐ
ﻭ ﺧﻴ ﻤﺔ . ﻓﺄ ﻣﺎ ﲢ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺍﳓ ﺮﺍ ﻑ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ ﺑﻘ ﺮﻳ ﺔ ﺑﺮﻳ ﻜﺒ ﻮ ﻥ ﻭﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻧﻮ ﺭ
ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ ﺑﻘ ﺮﻳ ﺔ ﺳ ﻮﺑ ﺎﺃﻩ ﻳﺘ ﻢ ﺇﺟ ﺮﺍ ﺅ ﻫﺎ ﻣ ﻦ ﻗﺒ ﻞ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎ ﺣ ﺚ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺍ ﻡ ﻣﺰ ﻭﻟ ﺔ ﻗﺒﻠ ﺔ
ﻓﺎﻳ ﻨﺪ ﺭ
) /MQF Mizwala Qibla Finder
،(
ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﺗ ﺴ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪﻡ ﻫ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻷ ﺩﺍ ﺓ ﺿ ﻮء ﺍﻟ ﺸ ﻤ ﺲ
ﻛ ﻮ ﺳﻴ ﻠﺔ ﻟﺘ ﺤ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﻇ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﻤ ﺖ . ﻭﺃ ﻣﺎ ﺍﳋ ﻄ ﻮﺍ ﺕ ﺍﳌﺘ ﺨ ﺬﺓ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺍ ﻡ ﻫ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻷ ﺩﺍ ﺓ : ﺃﻭ ﻻً
؛
ﺍﻟﺒ ﺤ ﺚ ﻋ ﻦ ﺇﺣ ﺪﺍ ﺛﻴﺎ ﺕ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺍ ﻡ ﺗﻄ ﺒﻴ ﻖ . GPS
ﻭﺛ ﺎﻧﻴ ﺎ؛
ﺇﺩ ﺧ ﺎﻝ ﺇﺣ ﺪﺍ ﺛﻴﺎ ﺕ
ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﰲ ﺗﻄ ﺒﻴ ﻖ
mqf.xls
ﻛ ﱪﻧ ﺎﻣ ﺞ ﺍﻓﺘ ﺮﺍ ﺿ ﻲ . ﻭﺛ ﺎﻟﺜ ﺎ؛
ﺃﻥ ﻧ ﻼ ﺣ ﻆ ﻇ ﻞ ﻋﻘ ﺮ ﺏ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﺎﻋ ﺔ
ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻄﺒ ﻴﻖ ﻣ ﻦ ﺧ ﻼ ﻝ ﳏﺎ ﺫﺍ ﺓ ﺍﳋ ﻴ ﻂ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟ ﻈ ﻞ ﰒ ﻣ ﻼ ﺣ ﻈ ﺔ ﺍﻟﻮ ﻗ ﺖ ﺑﻜ ﺘﺎﺑ ﺘﻪ . ﺭﺍﺑ ﻌﺎ
؛
ﺗﺪ ﻭﻳ ﺮ ﻣﻨ ﻄ ﻘﺔ ﺍﻻ ﺗ ﺼ ﺎﻝ ﺣ ﱴ ﺗﺘ ﻢ ﳏﺎ ﺫﺍ ﺓ ﺭﻗ ﻢ ﺍﳌ ﺰﻭ ﺍﺓ ﺍﳌ ﻮ ﺟ ﻮﺩ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺍﻟ ﱪﻧ ﺎﻣ ﺞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳋ ﻴ ﻂ .
17 Anisah Budiwati, Muhammad Wahyu Firdaus, and Galih Cipto Raharjo,
“Integration Method for Measuring Qibla Direction (Comparative Analysis of Google Earth and Mizwala),” Indonesian Journal of Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies 5, no. 3 (2022): 147–164.
ﺧ ﺎﻣ ﺴ ﺎ؛
ﲢ ﺮﻳ ﻚ ﺍﳋ ﻴ ﻂ ﺑﺎﻟ ﺘﻮﺍ ﺯ ﻱ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻴ ﻤﺔ ﲰ ﺖ ﻗﺒﻠ ﺔ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ﱪﻧ ﺎﻣ ﺞ . ﻭ ﺳﺎ ﺩ ﺳﺎ
؛
ﻭ ﺿ ﻊ ﺧ ﻂ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺍﳋ ﻴ ﻂ ﻳ ﺸ ﲑ ﺇ ﱃ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﻠ ﺔ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ
18. ﻭﻳ ﻌﺮ ﺽ ﺍﳉ ﺪ ﻭ ﻝ ﻧﺘﺎ 1
ﺋﺞ
ﻗﻴﺎ ﺱ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﻭﺍ ﳓ ﺮﺍ ﻑ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪﻳ ﻦ ﺍﳌ ﺬ ﻛ ﻮﺭ ﻳﻦ .
ﺍ ﳉ ﺪ ﻭ ﻝ ﺍﻷ ﻭ ﻝ ) ١ (:
ﲢ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠ ﺔ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺍ ﻡ
) (MQF
ﰲ ﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ
ﻭﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻧﻮ ﺭ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ ﺗﻮ ﺿ ﻴ
ﺢ ﺡﻼ ﺍﻟﻔ ﺪﺠﺴﻣ ﺡﻼ ﺍﻟﻔ ﺭ ﻧﻮ ﺪﺠﺴﻣ
ﻋﺮ ﺽ ﺍﻟﺒ ﻼ ﺩ ﻭ ﻃ ﻮ ﻝ
ﺍﻟﺒ ﻼ ﺩ
07° 12’ 05.03”
ﺟﻨ ﻮ ﰉ
113° 29’ 39.00”
ﺷ ﺮﻗ ﻲ
07° 11’ 51.13”
ﺟﻨ ﻮ ﰉ
113° 29’ 22.93”
ﺷ ﺮﻗ ﻲ ﺍﲡ
ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﺎﺑ
ﻖ 318˚NESW 304˚NESW
ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﺑﻌ ﺪ ﺍﻟﺘ ﺤ ﻘ
ﻖ 293˚51’ NESW 293˚ 51’ NESW
ﺗﻔﺎ ﻭ
ﺕ ﺎﻮﺑﺟﻨ ﻞﺃﻗ 24° 9’ ﺎﻮﺑﺟﻨ ﻞﺃﻗ 10° 9’
ﻋ ﺪ ﺩ ﺍﻟﺘ ﺤ ﻘ
ﻖ ﺕﺍ ﻣﺮ ﺙﻼﺛ ﲔﺗ ﻣﺮ
ﺍﻷ ﺩﻭ ﺍ ﺕ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪﻣ
ﺔ Mizwala Qibla -
Finder
- ﺑﻮ ﺻ ﻠﺔ
- ﺭ ﺻ ﺪ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ
ﺍﳌ -
ﺰﻭ ﺍﺓ
(Theodolite)
- Mizwala Qibla
Finder
Source: field-measurement by researchers
ﻟﻘ ﺪ ﺗﺒ ﲔ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﳉ ﺪ ﻭ ﻝ . 1
ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨ ﺎﻙ ﺍﺧ ﺘ ﻼ ﻓﺎ ﺕ ﰲ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﺤ ﻴ ﺤ ﺔ ﻭﺍ ﲡﺎ ﻩ
ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ ﻭﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻧﻮ ﺭ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ
، ﲝﻴ ﺚ ﰎ ﺇﺟ ﺮﺍ ء ﺍﻟﺘ ﺤ ﻘ ﻖ ﻣﺮ 3
ﺍ ﺕ
ﻧﺘﻴ18
ﺠ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻔﺘﻴ ﺶ ٢ ﺳﺒ ﺘﻤ ﱪ ٢٠١٨
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 18 (2), 2023: 591-625 603
ﻭﻳ ﻨﺘ ﺞ ﻧﻔ ﺲ ﺍﻟﻔ ﺮ ﻕ . ﻭﻳ ﺒﻠ ﻎ ﺍﻟﻔ ﺮ ﻕ ﺑ ﲔ ﺍﻟﻘ ﻴﺎ ﺳﺎ ﺕ ﺍﳌﺘ ﻜ ﺮﺭ ﺓ ﻭﺍ ﲡﺎ ﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪﻡ ﺣ ﺎﻟﻴً
ﺎ
ﺣ ﻮﺍ ﱄ ﺩﺭ 10
ﺟ ﺔ،
ﻭﲤ ﺖ ﺇﻋ ﺎﺩ ﺓ ﺍﻟﺘ ﺤ ﻘ ﻖ ﲟ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ ﰲ ﻗﺮ ﻳﺔ ﺑﺮﻳ ﻜﺒ ﻮ ﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺍ ﻡ
ﺍﳌ ﺰﻭ ﺍﺓ
) Theodolite
(
ﻭ
) (MQF
. ﻭﺑ ﻌﺪ ﺫﻟ ﻚ
، ﻗﺎ ﻡ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎ ﺣ ﺚ ﲟﻘ ﺎﺭ ﻧﺔ ﻧﺘﺎ ﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻘ ﻴﺎ ﺱ ﻣﻊ
ﺗﻄ ﺒﻴ ﻖ
Google Earth
ﺍﳌﺘ ﺼ ﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻹﻧ ﺘﺮﻧ ﺖ . ﻭﻳ ﺮﺩ ﺗﻮ ﺿ ﻴﺢ ﳍ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌ ﻤﻠ ﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﻮﺭ ﺓ .1
ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﻮ ﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺜ ﺎﻧﻴ ﺔ ) ٢ (:
ﺍﳓ ﺮﺍ ﻑ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻴ ﺔ ﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ ﻋ ﱪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺎ ﻣ ﺞ ﻏ ﻮ ﻏ ﻞ ﺇﺭ ﺙ
ﻟﻘ ﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺿ ﺤ ﺖ ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﻮﺭ ﺓ . 2
ﺃﻥ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ ﰲ ﻗﺮ ﻳﺔ ﺑﺮﻳ ﻜﺒ ﻮ ﻥ
ﺑﻌﻴ ﺪ ﺟ ﺪًﺍ ﻋ ﻦ ﻣﻮ ﺿ ﻊ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﻌﺒ ﺔ ﰲ ﻣ ﻜ ﺔ . ﺍﳋ ﻂ
) 1
ﰲ (
ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﻮﺭ ﺓ . 2
ﻳ ﺸ ﲑ ﺇ ﱃ ﻣﻮ ﻗﻊ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﻌﺒ ﺔ
ﺍﳌ ﺸ ﺮﻓ ﺔ ﰲ ﻣ ﻜ ﺔ،
ﺑﻴﻨ ﻤﺎ ﺍﳋ ﻂ
) 2
ﻫ (
ﻮ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﻣﺒ ﲎ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ . ﻟﺬ ﺍ ﻓﻤ ﻦ ﺍﻟﻮ ﺍ ﺿ ﺢ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨ ﺎﻙ
ﻓﺮ ﻗًﺎ ﻛﺒ ﲑًﺍ ﺑ ﲔ ﺍﳋ ﻂ ﻭﺍ 1
ﳋ ﻂ . 2
ﻭ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﻭﻓ ﻘًﺎ ﻟﻨﺘ ﺎﺋ ﺞ ﺍﻟﻘ ﻴﺎ ﺱ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺍ ﻡ
MQF
ﻭ
Theodolite
، ﺃ ﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨ ﺎﻙ ﻓﺮ ﻗًﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺭﻩ
’ 24
°
ﺩﺭ 9
ﺟ ﺔ . ﻭﺗ ﻈ ﻬﺮ ﻧﺘﺎ ﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻘ ﻴﺎ ﺳﺎ ﺕ
ﺑﺎ ﺳﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺍ ﻡ ﻫ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻷ ﺩﻭ ﺍ ﺕ ﺍﻟﺜ ﻼ ﺙ ﺃﻥ ﲢ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺍﻻ ﳓ ﺮﺍﻓ ﺎ ﺕ ﰲ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﳝ ﻜ ﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘ ﻢ
ﺑﺎ ﺳﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺍ ﻡ ﺗﻘﻨ ﻴﺎ ﺕ ﻭﺃ ﺩﻭ ﺍ ﺕ ﳐﺘ ﻠﻔ ﺔ . ﻭﺑ ﺼ ﺮ ﻑ ﺍﻟﻨ ﻈ ﺮ ﻋ ﻦ ﺍﳌ ﻘﺎ ﺭﻧ ﺔ،
ﻓﺈ ﻥ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺍ ﻡ ﻫ ﺬﻩ
ﺍﻷ ﺩﻭ ﺍ ﺕ ﺍﳌﺘ ﻨﻮ ﻋﺔ ﻫ ﻮ ﺷ ﻜ ﻞ ﻣ ﻦ ﺃﺷ ﻜﺎ ﻝ ﺍﳉ ﻬ ﺪ ﻻ ﺧﺘ ﺒﺎ ﺭ ﺻ ﻼ ﺣﻴ ﺔ ﺍﻷ ﺩﻭ ﺍ ﺕ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪﻣ ﺔ .
ﻛ ﻤﺎ ﰎ ﺇﺟ ﺮﺍ ء ﻗﻴﺎ ﺳﺎ ﺕ ﻣﺘ ﻜ ﺮﺭ ﺓ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺍ ﻡ
Google Earth
ﰲ ﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻧﻮ ﺭ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ
ﺃﻳ ﻀ ﺎ،
ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﺗﺮ ﺩ ﻧﺘﺎ ﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻘ ﻴﺎ ﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﻮﺭ ﺓ ﺃﺩﻧ3
ﺎﻩ .
ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﻮ ﺭﺓ 3 . ﺍﳓ ﺮﺍ ﻑ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻴ ﺔ ﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻧﻮ ﺭ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ ﻋ ﱪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺎ ﻣ ﺞ ﻏ ﻮ ﻏ ﻞ ﺇﺭ ﺙ
ﻭﻟ ﻘﺪ ﺗﺒ ﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﻮﺭ ﺓ . 3
ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨ ﺎﻙ ﻓﺮ ﻗﺎ ﺑ ﲔ ﺍﻻ ﲡﺎ ﻩ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻌﻠ ﻲ ﻟﻠﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ -ﺍ ﳋ ﻂ -1
ﻭﺍ ﲡﺎ ﻩ ﻗﺒﻠ ﺔ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ -ﺍ ﳋ ﻂ -2
ﰲ ﻋ ﻤﻠ ﻴﺔ ﲢ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﻗﺒﻠ ﺔ ﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻧﻮ ﺭ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ
، ﻭﺗ ﺒ ﲔ ﺃﻥ
ﻧﺘﺎ ﺋﺞ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘ ﻴﺎ ﺱ ﻫ ﻲ ﻧﻔ ﺲ ﻧﺘﺎ ﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻘ ﻴﺎ ﺳﺎ ﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺍ ﻡ ﻭ MQF Theodolite
، ﺃ ﻱ ﺃﻥ
ﻫﻨ ﺎﻙ ﺍﳓ ﺮﺍ ﻑ ﻗﺪ ﺭﻩ
’ 10 °
. 9
ﻭ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔ ﺮ ﻕ ﺃ ﺻ ﻐﺮ ﻧ ﺴ ﺒﻴﴼ ﺑﺎﳌ ﻘﺎ ﺭﻧ ﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ .
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 18 (2), 2023: 591-625 605
ﻭﻳ ﻌﺪ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺍ ﻡ ﺗﻄ ﺒﻴ ﻖ
Google Earth
ﻓﻌ ﺎﻻً
ﻟﻠﻐ ﺎﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺳ ﻬ ﻞ ﻟﺘ ﺼ ﺤ ﻴﺢ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﻥ ﻫﻨ ﺎﻙ
ﻣ ﻜﺎ ﻧﺎ ﻣﺜ ﻞ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻣﻮ ﺟ ﻬًﺎ ﺑ ﺸ ﻜ ﻞ ﺻ ﺤ ﻴﺢ ﳓ ﻮ ﻣﻮ ﺿ ﻊ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﻌﺒ ﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻻ . ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺍﻟﺮ ﻏ ﻢ ﻣ ﻦ
ﺫﻟ ﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻄﺒ ﻴﻖ ﻻ ﻳ ﻀ ﻤ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﺪﻗ ﺔ ﺍﳊ ﻘﻴ ﻘﻴ ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ﻜ ﻤﺎ ﻝ
19. ﺑﻞ ﺇﻥ ﺍﳉ ﻬ ﺪ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻘﺮ ﻳ ﱯ
ﻟﻼ ﻗﺘ ﺮﺍ ﺏ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﳌ ﻮﻗ ﻊ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻌﻠ ﻲ ﻟﻠ ﻜ ﻌﺒ ﺔ ﰲ ﻣ ﻜ ﺔ ﻫ ﻮ ﺟ ﻬ ﺪ ﺟﻴ ﺪ ﻟﻠﻐ ﺎﻳﺔ .
ﻭﺑ ﻌﺪ ﻣﺰ ﻳﺪ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ ﺤ ﻘﻴ ﻖ
، ﺗﺒ ﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﳋ ﻄﺄ ﻛﺎ ﻥ ﳛ ﺪ ﺙ ﻣﻨ ﺬ ﻓﺘ ﺮﺓ ﻃ ﻮﻳ ﻠﺔ
،
ﻭﺑ ﻌﺪ ﺇﺟ ﺮﺍ ء ﺍﳌ ﻘﺎﺑ ﻼ ﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌ ﺸ ﺎﺭ ﻛ ﲔ
، ﺣ ﺼ ﻞ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎ ﺣ ﺚ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻣﻌ ﻠﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺕ ﺣ ﻮ ﻝ ﺃﺳ ﺒﺎ ﺏ
ﻋ ﺪﻡ ﻣ ﻼ ءﻣ ﺔ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ
، ﲟﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺳﺒ ﺐ ﻋ ﺪﻡ ﺍﻧ ﻀ ﺒﺎ ﻁ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ ﺑﻘ ﺮﻳ ﺔ
ﺑﺮﻳ ﻜﺒ ﻮ ﻥ ﻭﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻧﻮ ﺭ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ ﺑﻘ ﺮﻳ ﺔ ﺳ ﻮﺑ ﺎﺃﻩ ﺇ ﱃ ﺟ ﻬﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﻌﺒ ﺔ ﰲ ﻣ ﻜ ﺔ ﻫ ﻮ ﺇﳘ ﺎﻝ
ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺎ ﺣ ﲔ ﺃﺛﻨ ﺎء ﺑﻨﺎ ء ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ،
ﻭ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺳﺒ ﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜ ﺎﻝ
، ﺃﻥ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﻠ ﺔ ﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ ﻻ
ﻳﻌ ﺮ ﻑ ﺑ ﺸ ﻜ ﻞ ﻭﺍ ﺿ ﺢ ﻣﺎ ﻫ ﻲ ﺍﻟﻨ ﻈ ﺮﻳ ﺔ ﻭﺍ ﻷ ﺩﻭ ﺍ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﱵ ﺗ ﺴ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺫﻟ ﻚ ﺍﻟﻮ ﻗ ﺖ
،
ﻭ ﺣ ﺪ ﺩ ﺕ ﳉ ﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨ ﺎء ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﺣﻴ ﻨﺬ ﺍﻙ ﺑﻨﺎ ءً
ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺗﻌﻠ ﻴﻤ ﺎ ﺕ ﳎ ﺮﺩ ﺓ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻜﻴ ﺎﻫ ﻲ
ﳏ ﻔﻮ ﻅ
، ﻭ ﻫ ﻮ ﺷ ﺨ ﺼ ﻴﺔ ﺩﻳﻨ ﻴﺔ ﳏﻠ ﻴﺔ
، ﻛ ﻤﺎ ﺫ ﻛ ﺮﻩ ﺍﳊ ﺎ ﺝ ﺳ ﻮ ﺟ ﻮﺗ ﻮ،
ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ ﺤ ﻮ ﺍﻟﺘ ﺎ ﱄ :
"
ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻴﻨﺎ ﺳ ﻮ ﻯ ﺍﺗﺒ ﺎ ﻉ ﺗﻌﻠ ﻴﻤ ﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﻜﻴ ﺎﻫ ﻲ ﳏ ﻔﻮ ﻅ ) ﺍﳌﺘ ﻮ ﰱ (
، ﻭﺍﻟ ﱵ ﰎ ﻧﻘﻠ ﻬﺎ
ﺷ ﻔﻬ ﻴًﺎ،
ﻷﻧ ﻪ ﻫ ﻮ ﺍﻟ ﺬ ﻱ ﺍﻟ ﺸ ﺨ ﺺ ﺍﳌ ﻌﺘ ﻘﺪ ﲟﻌ ﺮﻓ ﺔ ﻛﻴ ﻔﻴ ﺔ ﲢ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﺣﻴ ﻨﺬ ﺍﻙ .
ﻭ ﲜ ﺴ ﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺗ ﺬ ﻛ ﺮ،
ﻛﺎ ﻧ ﺖ ﻫﻨ ﺎﻙ ﺑﺎﻟ ﻔﻌ ﻞ ﻋ ﻼ ﻣﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺷ ﻜ ﻞ ﺧﻴ ﻂ ."
) ﻣﻘ ﺘﻄ ﻒ ﻣ ﻦ
ﺍﳌ ﻘﺎﺑ ﻠﺔ ﺑﺘﺎ ﺭﻳ ﺦ ﻣﺎ 12
ﺭ ﺱ ( 2018
ﻟﻘ ﺪ ﻗﻬ ﻤﻨ ﺎ ﻣ ﻦ ﻣﻘ ﺘﻄ ﻒ ﺍﳌ ﻘﺎﺑ ﻠﺔ
، ﺃﻥ ﻋ ﻤﻠ ﻴﺔ ﲢ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ
ﲤ ﺖ ﺑﻨﺎ ءً
ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺭﺃ ﻱ ﻛﻴ ﺎﻫ ﻲ ﻭﻗ ﺖ ﺑﻨﺎ ء ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻷ ﻭ ﻝ ﻣﺮ ﺓ . ﻭ ﰲ ﻧﻔ ﺲ ﺍﻟﻮ ﻗ ﺖ
، ﱂ ﻳﻜ ﻦ
ﻫﻨ ﺎﻙ ﺃ ﻱ ﺩﻟﻴ ﻞ ﲡ ﺮﻳ ﱯ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻜﻴ ﺎﻫ ﻲ ﺍﳌ ﺬ ﻛ ﻮﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌ ﻤﻠ ﻴﺔ . ﻭﻟ ﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻈﺎ ﻫﺮ ﻫﻨ ﺎﻙ ﻻﻓ ﺘﺔ
19 Riza Afrian Mustaqim, “Penggunaan Google Earth Sebagai Calibrator Arah Kiblat,” Jurnal Justisia : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Perundang-undangan dan Pranata Sosial 6,
no. 2 (2021): 194–216, https://jurnal.ar-
raniry.ac.id/index.php/Justisia/article/view/11537.
ﻣﻌ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﺑﺎ ﳋ ﻴ ﻂ ﰲ ﺍﳌ ﻜﺎ ﻥ ﺍﻟ ﺬ ﻱ ﺳﻴ ﺒ ﲎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ،
ﻭﺃ ﺧ ﲑﺍ
، ﻋﻨ ﺪﻣ ﺎ ﰎ ﲢ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ
ﻭ ﻭ ﺟ ﺪ ﻫﻨ ﺎﻙ ﺍﳓ ﺮﺍ ﻑ ﻛﺒ ﲑ
، ﻭﺍ ﻓﻖ ﳉ ﻨﺔ ﺗﻌ ﻤ ﲑ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺗﻐﻴ ﲑ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺻ ﻔﻮ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﻼ ﺓ
ﰲ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻭﻓ ﻘﺎ ﻻ ﲡﺎ ﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﺤ ﻴﺢ .
ﻛ ﻤﺎ ﺷ ﻬ ﺪ ﺃﻳ ﻀ ﺎ ﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻧﻮ ﺭ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ ﺑﻘ ﺮﻳ ﺔ ﺳ ﻮﺑ ﺎﺃﻩ ﺷﻴ ﺌًﺎ ﳑﺎ ﺛ ﻼً
ﳌﺎ ﺳﺒ ﻖ
، ﲝﻴ ﺚ
ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳝ ﻜ ﻦ ﺗﺘﺒ ﻊ ﻋ ﻤﻠ ﻴﺔ ﲢ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﻷ ﻭ ﻝ ﻣﺮ ﺓ ﺑ ﺴ ﺒ ﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻠ ﺠ ﻨﺔ ﺍﳌ ﺸ ﺎﺭ ﻛ ﺔ ﰲ
ﺑﻨﺎ ء ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻮ ﻓﻮ ﺍ ﲨ ﻴﻌًﺎ
، ﻭ ﲝ ﺴ ﺐ ﺗ ﺼ ﺮﻳ ﺢ ﺍﻷ ﺥ ﺣ ﻠﻴﻠ ﻲ
، ﺃﺣ ﺪ ﳉ ﻨﺔ ﺗﻌ ﻤ ﲑ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ
ﺇﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻌ ﺮ ﻑ ﻋ ﻤﻠ ﻴﺔ ﲢ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﻠ ﺔ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ،
ﻛ ﻤﺎ ﻫ ﻮ ﻣﻮ ﺿ ﺢ ﺃﺩﻧ ﺎﻩ
؛
"
ﻻ ﺃﻋ ﺮ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻜﺜ ﲑ ﻋ ﻦ ﻗ ﻀ ﻴﺔ ﲢ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﳍ ﺬﺍ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ) ﻣ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻧﻮ ﺭ
ﺍﻟﻔ ﻼ ﺡ (.
ﻷ ﻥ ﺍﻟﺘ ﺠ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺍﻷ ﺧ ﲑ ﳍ ﺬﺍ ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻳﺘﺒ ﻊ ﺃﺳ ﺎﺳ ﻴﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨ ﺎء ﺍﻟﻘ ﺪ ﱘ ﻟﻠ ﻤ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ،
ﻭ ﱂ
ﻳﻜ ﻦ ﻫﻨ ﺎﻙ ﺇﻋ ﺎﺩ ﺓ ﺍﻟﻘ ﻴﺎ ﺳﺎ ﺕ ."
) ﻣﻘ ﺘﻄ ﻒ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﳌ ﻘﺎﺑ ﻠﺔ ﺑﺘﺎ ﺭﻳ ﺦ ﻣﺎ 12
ﺭ ﺱ ( 2018
ﻭﺗ ﻈ ﻬﺮ ﻣ ﻦ ﻧﺘﺎ ﺋﺞ ﺍﳌ ﻘﺎﺑ ﻠﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﺎﺑﻘ ﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋ ﻄﺄ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺸ ﺮ ﻱ ﻫ ﻮ ﺍﻟﻌ ﺎﻣ ﻞ ﺍﻟﺮ ﺋﻴ ﺴ ﻲ ﰲ
ﻇ ﻬ ﻮﺭ ﺍﳓ ﺮﺍ ﻑ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻨ ﻄ ﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻣ ﻴﻜ ﺎﺳ ﺎﻥ
، ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﻗﺎ ﻝ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎ ﺣ ﺚ ﻣ ﺴ ﺘﻘﻴ ﻢ
ﻭﺁ ﺧ ﺮﻭ ﻥ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻷ ﺧ ﻄﺎ ء ﰲ ﲢ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﺗﺮ ﺟ ﻊ ﺇ ﱃ ﺟ ﺎﻧﺒ ﲔ ﳘ ﺎ ﺍﳉ ﺎﻧ ﺐ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺸ ﺮ ﻱ
ﻭﺍ ﳉ ﺎﻧ ﺐ ﺍﻟ ﻄﺒ ﻴﻌ ﻲ . ﻭﻣ 20
ﻊ ﺫﻟ ﻚ
، ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺘ ﺎﺭ ﻳﺦ
، ﱂ ﺗﻘ ﻊ ﺍﳉ ﻮﺍﻧ ﺐ ﺍﻟ ﻄﺒ ﻴﻌﻴ ﺔ ﺃﺑ ﺪًﺍ ﰲ
ﻣﻨ ﻄ ﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻣ ﻴﻜ ﺎﺳ ﺎﻥ
، ﻭ ﱂ ﺗﻜ ﻦ ﺣ ﱴ ﺍﻵ ﻥ
، ﻛﺎ ﺭﺛ ﺔ ﻃﺒ ﻴﻌﻴ ﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎ ﲨ ﺔ ﻋ ﻦ ﲢ ﺮ ﻙ
ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﻔﺎﺋ ﺢ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻜﺘ ﻮﻧ ﻴﺔ
، ﻭﻟ ﺬﻟ ﻚ ﻓﺈ ﻥ ﻗ ﻀ ﻴﺔ ﺍﻻ ﳓ ﺮﺍ ﻑ ﰲ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻨ ﻄ ﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻣ ﻴﻜ ﺎﺳ ﺎﻥ
ﻳﺮ ﺟ ﻊ ﺇ ﱃ ﺍﻟﻌ ﻮﺍ ﻣ ﻞ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺸ ﺮﻳ ﺔ . ﻭ 21
ﰲ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﳉ ﺎﻧ ﺐ ﺍﻹ ﻧ ﺴ ﺎ ﱐ
، ﻭ ﺟ ﺪ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎ ﺣ ﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘ ﻴﻢ
ﺍﻻ ﺟﺘ ﻤﺎ ﻋﻴ ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ﺜﻘﺎ ﻓﻴﺔ ﻗﻮ ﻳﺔ ﺟ ﺪًﺍ ﰲ ﲢ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺑﺎﻣ ﻴﻜ ﺎﺳ ﺎﻥ
، ﲟﺎ ﺃﻥ ﳉ ﺎﻥ ﺗﻌ ﻤ ﲑ
20 Mustaqim and Akbar, “Study on the Causes of Inaccuracy of Qibla Direction of the Great Mosque Baitul Makmur West Aceh.”
21 Akhmad - Husein, Ahmad - Izzuddin, and Muhammad Said Fadhel, “The Effect of Magnetic Declination Correction on Smartphones Compass Sensors in Determining Qibla Direction,” Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy 3, no. 2 (2021): 43–
74.
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 18 (2), 2023: 591-625 607
ﺍﳌ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ ﻭﺍ ﳌ ﺠ ﺘﻤ ﻊ ﻳﺜﻘ ﻮ ﻥ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺣ ﺪ ﻛﺒ ﲑ ﺑﺄ ﺳ ﻼ ﻓﻬ ﻢ ﰲ ﲢ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻠ ﻤ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ .
ﻭ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﻳﺘ ﻤﺎ ﺷ ﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺤ ﺚ ﺍﻟ ﺬ ﻱ ﺃﺟ ﺮﺍ ﻩ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺎ ﺣ ﺚ ﻧﻮ ﺭ ﺣﻨ ﻴ ﻒ ﻭﺁ ﺧ ﺮﻭ ﻥ
، ﻭﺍﻟ ﺬ ﻱ ﻳﻨ ﺺ
ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺜ ﻘﺎ ﻓﺔ ﺍﻻ ﺟﺘ ﻤﺎ ﻋﻴ ﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌ ﺠ ﺘﻤ ﻊ ﺗﺆ ﺛﺮ ﺑ ﺸ ﻜ ﻞ ﻛﺒ ﲑ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻛﻴ ﻔﻴ ﺔ ﲢ ﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺍﲡ ﺎﻩ
ﺍﻟﻘ ﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻠ ﻤ ﺴ ﺠ ﺪ . ﻭ 22<
