TEACHING SPEAKING BY COMBINING PLACEMAT AND IDEBATE STRATEGY FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
STUDENTS
JURNAL
DIANA NIM.10040057
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION (STKIP) PGRI WEST SUMATERA
PADANG
2015
TEACHING SPEAKING BY COMBINING PLACEMAT AND DEBATE STRATEGY FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Oleh:
*) DIANA
**) Siska,S.S, M.Pd Pembimbing atau Pengajar Program Studi Pendidikan
Bahasa Inggris STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat__________________________________________________________________
ABSTRAK
Dalam makalah ini, penulis membahas tentang bagaimana mengajar speaking dengan penggabungan strategy antara placemat dan debate.Dalam aplikasinya, penggabungan strategy ini diawali oleh bimbingan guru, yang mana siswa diberi penjelasan tentang kedua strategy ini dengan mempelajari dan memahami informasi lengkap tentang materi/topik yang akan dipelajari, kemudian guru menerangkan materi/topik tersebut kepada dengan menggunakan bahasa inggris yang dapat dimengerti oleh siswa. Setelah siswa memahami materi atau topik yang dijelaskan oleh guru, siswa dibagi dalam beberapa kelompok diskusi dan memberikan pendapat mereka dalam kertas dan di diskusikan dalam kelompok sebelum akhirnya mereka melakukan debat antar kelompok tentang materi/ topik yang dipelajari. Dengan cara ini, dapat membantu guru dalam meningkatkan kemampuan speaking siswa. Melalui makalah ini penulis menjelaskan latar belakang penulisan makalah, penulis menjelaskan teori- teori tentang Teaching Speaking by combining Placemat and Debate strategy berdasarkan para ahli, dan penulis menjelaskan cara pengajaran dengan menggabungkan dua strategi ini. Dengan penggabungan strategy ini dapat membantu guru dalam melatih dan mengasah kemampuan siswa dalam berbicara terutama berbicara dalam Bahasa Inggris.
Key word : speaking, placemat strategy and debate strategy
___________________________________________________________________________
*) penulis
**) pembimbing
INTRODUCTION
Speaking is very important skill in language learning. Through speaking, the students know how to interact and can share information about something with others.
Then, the students can also express their feels, ideas, opinions, comments, and suggestions orally. It is the oral communication where people can deliver information to each other in daily life, especially in school environment, the students must be able to speak English well. It is provided based on the curriculum of 2006 (KTSP) for senior high school, speaking is an important lesson that must be applied in every school. The students should be able to speak English in the classroom and their daily activity.
Based on writer’s interview to some students of Senior High School, there are many problems that found during teaching speaking process. First, the students incompetence in speak English. The students can not explore their opinions, ideas, arguments and comments in teaching learning process. The problem was caused by teachers’
strategy, the teacher only give conversation about the topic, asked the students to do conversation, and answered the question based on conversation. In here, the students just reads conversations from the teacher, the students can not explore and share their ideas or opinions.
The solution of the problem is the teacher must be make students understand and interest to teach about the material and know how to explore and share their ideas, opinions and comments in oral skill, it is important for the teacher to apply appropriate strategy in teaching speaking to improve students’
speaking. Thus to solve the problem the writer use combined with Place mat and Debate strategy in teaching speaking at Senior High School Students. These strategy can help the teacher in teaching speaking process to make the students active, interest and understand about the material.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Speaking
Speaking is one of tools that used by the human to communicate each other.
Speaking is also oral ability to express person ideas and feeling by using spoken language.
By speaking, students will be able to ask and answer question in English language. It means that speaking is one of the ways for students to communicate with other to express their ideas, feeling and it is also used to send information, news, arguments, ideas and opinion in teaching learning process.
Dealing to this, Harmer (2001:269) says that speaking is the ability to speak fluently purposes not only knowledge of language features, but also the ability to process information and language on the spot.
It means that speaking activity needs not only speaker ability to send message to the listener, but also to make listener understand about the information from the message. In other words, speaking is a process of communicating between speaker and listener and both of them know about the message clearly.
In conclusion, speaking is an expression from speaker to the listener that expresses their ideas, feel, argument and opinion about the issues. The speaker and listener can share their ideas, feel, argument and opinion in teaching learning process and their daily life. The listener can get clear information about something. Because of that, speaking become necessary to learn especially for senior high school students, by acquiring speaking skill, students will be easy to share or giving opinion and get information from other people around them.
Teaching Speaking
Teaching is an activity in the classroom which the teacher teach the students to master the lesson or understand about the material that will be given. There are some experts which deliver the ideas about teaching speaking. Richards and Renandya (2002:210) explain that teaching speaking is an aspect that needs special attention and instruction. It means that, in teaching speaking teacher guides the way the students in speaking.
Besides that, teacher must control all of aspects in speaking
Based on those the theories above, it can be concluded that teaching speaking is the teachers’ way in teaching the spoken language in teaching learning process and the students can understand about the material. The teacher should be guide for the students to produce the words in oral communication in classroom activities. Then, the teacher drills the students them to improve their speaking ability.
Placemat Strategy
According to Kielven (2001:6) placemat is a form of collaborative learning that combines writing and dialogue to endure accountability and participation of all students.
This strategy involves group of students working both alone and together around a single piece of paper to stimulateneously involves all members. Besides that, the students can working with their friends in a group to make students accountability and participation about the material in teaching learning process.
In addition, Ontario (2006:2) proposes that placemat is a strategy in which the students are allowed to think about, record, and share their ideas in group. This strategy leads the students to state their ideas in a paper and compare their ideas with others.
Based on the definitions above, the writer takes a conclusion that the placemat strategy gives the chance for the students to deliver their thoughts, records, and ideas in group. Beside that, the students also can share and compare the ideas in the application of this strategy.
Procedures of Placemat Strategy
The procedures of the strategy are applied in order to make the learning runs well. It also done for making the students and the teacher reach the goal of learning. There are some steps which are stated by experts to apply the place mat strategy in classroom.According toKielven (2001:6) states that the procedures of placemat strategy, they are: 1. Teacher gives the students a topic related with material; 2. Divide the students into groups; 3. The students work alone first;
4. Students share information with their group;
5. Then, their share with other groups about the topic .
It means that, the procedures of placemat strategy in teaching learning process, they are; first, teacher choose the topic about material for the students, second, the students divided group, third, the students express their ideas about the topic into paper the first, next, the students share the information, their ideas and opinion with their friend in group before their share with other group. Finally, the students can speak fluently with their friends because, before their share with their friends about the topic, thestudents express their ideas in paper firstly.
Advantages of Placemat Strategy
Placemat is strategy to help improve the students’ oral communication skill. This strategy can be used in speaking class, to help speaker can speak about something to listener and listener understanding about information from the speaker. According to Ontario(2006:162) there are many advantages of placemat strategy ; (a) to encourage students to share and come to a consensus on a topic; (b) to activate the sharing of background knowledge among student; (c) to help students share problem solving techniques in English teaching; (d) to take group notes during oral presentation. It mean that advantages of placemat strategy are; to make the students come to explore their ideas about problem solving and something, then, to help students to be active and can speak with their friends in English language.
Debate Strategy
Debate is one strategy that can be use the teacher in teaching learning process.
Debate also will help the students to improve their speaking ability. In this strategy, teacher leads the students to do debate about an issue in classroom activities and the students can explore their ideas, arguments, comment and opinion about the issues with other. The teacher knows level speaking ability of the students.
According to Pinto, Stephanie, Laura (2012: 76) debate strategy is the activity that used to engange the students in their learning by forcing them to deal the complex issue and
also cultivating collaboration and oral communication skills in classroom activities. It mean that, debate strategy is the activity in teaching speaking process about issue, that can give motivation to the students to explore their opinion, respond, ideas and argument in English language in group. It can improve students speaking ability in teaching learning process.
Based on explanation above, the writer can concludes that debate is the strategy that can be use in speaking activity which is used for understanding of the topic. It is done by group discussion, students work in group consist with the topic, they can speak English and explore their ideas, opinions and arguments about the topic based on the students experience and knowledge. The students discuss in group about the issue will be debate with other group. Every group havedifferent ideas, opinions and arguments about the topic, the teacher will address the group to do debates in English language.
Finally the teacher knows the students speaking ability in classroom.
Procedures of Debate Strategy
There are some experts state the procedures of debate strategy.According to Pinto, Stephanie and Laura (2012:76) have the procedures of debate strategy as follow:
1. Teacher asks the students to define a speech;
2. 2. Teacher explains the point will be trying to make and how the students will make the speech;
3. 3. Teacher asks the students to state their argument in group;
4. 4. Teacher asks the students to lay out their argument about the topic;
5. 5. Teacher addresses each part of their argument to the topic that they want to debate.
It means that, the teacher ask the students to write their ideas about issue in a speech, next, the students write down their ideas about the issue and share with their friends in groups, the teacher ask the students to prepare their speech if the member of group addressed by the teacher.
Advantages of Debate Strategy
According to Darby (2007:97) there are some advantages of debate strategy; a.
Developing student ability in critical thinking, b. Help students to analyzing information, c.
Make effectively in oral communicating, and d. Defending their position all within the content of healty debate. It means that by debate strategy it can help students to increase their skill especially in speaking and help them to be active in the class. Students can be crititical thinking about information and can do debate with other. So, it can help teacher in improving students’s speaking ability at senior high school students.
DISCUSSION
Teaching speaking by Combining Placemat and Debate Strategy
The writer combines both of strategies because they make the teaching learning processbe more effective and also the strategies can increase the student’s ability in speaking and make them more active in the class. Based on explanation above, the writer combines between placemat and debate strategy in teaching speaking. In placemat strategy( PMS) the writer choose Kielven’s procedures for debate strategy( DS) the writer chooses Pinto, Stephanie and Laura’s procedures, because those procedure are suitable each other and easy to apply in the class especially in senior high school. Now, thewriter describes the teaching speaking activity in the class by those strategies. Here are steps of combining both strategies:
1. Teacher gives the students a topic related to the material( PMS);
2. Teacher divides the students into groups( PMS);
3. Teacher asks the students work individually to define a speech(
DS,PMS);
4. Teacher asks the students to state and share their argument with their friends about the information in group (DS,PMS);
5. Teacher asks the students to lay out their argument about the topic (DS);
6. Teacher addresses each part of their argument to the topic that they want to debate ( DS);
In conclusion, based on definition and procedure from placemat and debate strategy, the writer chooses those strategies for combining in teaching speaking at senior high school students. The procedures of those strategies suitable to be combined and applied in teaching speaking. In short, placemat leads the students to explore and share their ideas, opinions and arguments about the material in group, it make the students encourage to speak and explore their knowledge about the material in teaching speaking. After that, Debate used to address the students to gives comment or to agree or disagree someone’s opinion’s with reason in oral communication.
In applying the combination of placemat and debate strategy in teaching speaking activities, the teacher must have a good plan before giving a lesson to the students.
Preparation
Preparation is the steps that should be made by the teacher, before the teacher conduct the teaching learning process. Before starting teaching and learning process, the teacher should make some preparations such as: 1) Selecting material. Material is
“Expression agree and disagree”. 2) Selecting a topic, The topic will be discussed is “Internet for the students by using “Expression agree or disagree”. 3) media, the teacher use picture.
4) Time allocation, time is 2X45 minutes, so the teacher divides it into three divisions: 10 minutes for pre- teaching activity, 65 minutes for whilst teaching activity and 15 minutes for post teaching activity.
Implementation
In this part, the writer will discuss all elements related with implementation teaching process such as: pre- teaching, whilst- teaching and post teaching activity. In pre-teaching activities the teacher should do steps such as:
greets the students, check attendance list and review the last material. In whilst-teaching activities the teacher should do some steps such as: First, Teacher gives the students a topic related with the material. Second, Teacher divides the students into groups.
Third, Teacher asks the students individually first to define the material. Fourth, Teacher
asks the students to state and share their argument with their friends about the material in group. next, Teacher asks the students to layout their argument about the topic. After that, Teacher addresses each part of their argument to the topic that they want to debate.
Then, the teacher gives some questions to the students based on students understanding, gives homework for the students and closes the lesson
Conclusions
The writer can conclude that the combination of placemat and debate strategy is suitable for teaching speaking at senior high school students. The reason is because the combination of the strategy gives the opportunities for the students to be active in speaking class. Then, the most important thing is the combination of those strategies help the students to learn together with their classmates, the students can share their ideas with other by doing debate activities. In other words, the strategies build good social interaction and make the students enjoy in teaching learning process.
Suggestions
The writer gives some suggestions to teacher and students. First, for the teacher, the teacher should better try to combine these strategies in teaching speaking process. For the students, first, the students should be more creative and active to explore their ideas, opinion and comments about the material, especially in expressing agree and disagree and share with other in debate class. Second, the students can improve their skill in speaking when they follow the placemat and debate strategies, because placemat and debate strategies can make the students enjoy and able to practice and produce a sentence to be share and debate with other in speaking class.
REFFERENCES
Darby, Michele. 2007. Teaching the Spoken Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Harmer, Jeremy. 2001. The Practice of English Language Teaching.3rd ed.
New York; pearson EDUCATION Kielven, Jan. 2001. Adapted From: Beyond
Monet” The Artful Science ofInstructionalIntegration”.(http://jgero w.lakeheadu.ca/Jamie_Gerow/Teaching Resources_Files/Beyondmonet.Pdf.
Rerieved on January 12, 2015
Ontario. 2006. Active Learning-Cooperative Learning: Placemat strategy.
http://workshop.on.ca. Retrieved on October 20, 2014.
Pinto, Laura E, Stephanie Spares and Laura
Dricoll. 2012. 95 Strategies For Remodeling Instruction. California:
SAGE Company.
Richards, Jack C and willy A. Renandya.
2002. Methodology in Language Teaching: An Anthology of Current Practice. New York: Cambridge University Press.
