The researcher's biggest thanks also go to my large families and even more special to my late beloved father, H. Many thanks to all the lectures from the English teaching department and all staff for their guidance, support and help during the researcher's time as a student in Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar.
Background
In addition to the above statement, the source of the pronunciation difficulty is due to English being the second or third language of the students of the Department of English Education. Based on the background of the mentioned problem and statement, the research is focused on teaching English pronunciation on the suprasegmental features (stress and intonation) to the students of the Department of English that exist in the phonetics and phonology class.
Research Problems
Chants can give students more confidence to speak English from authentic input they received during this study. So the researcher conducted a research in this scope using a Jazz Chant to improve students' production of English suprasegmental sounds and make students more confident to pronounce words in an easy and joyful way.
Objective of the Research
Significances of the Research
Moreover, this research can give students more chances to improve their suprasegmental sounds in English. It was also expected that the teacher would inspire and motivate teachers to be more creative in developing teaching materials for English students' suprasegmental English sounds.
Scope of the Research
This research could be a useful tool to obtain a new reference for other researchers who are going to conduct a study that focuses on designing a set of teaching materials. Throughout the sections of this chapter, all the matters related to the theories of the topic discussed in this study were discussed.
Previous of Related Studies
In addition, Jazz Chants provides students with natural accent and intonation patterns of spoken American English. The similarities between the previous research and this research was the use of jazz songs to improve the English learning process.
Some Pertinent Ideas
Concept of Suprasegmental Sounds
Sentence Stress is actually the "music" of English, the thing that gives the language its distinctive "beat" or "rhythm." From a speaking perspective, Sentence Stress will affect the degree to which an ESL student sounds "natural."
For this reason, function words are often spoken faster and with less volume – they are literally squeezed into the space between regular stressed beats. In the example below, all function words (or group of function words) take the same time to pronounce, regardless of the number of sounds or syllables they contain.
Doing a simple rhythmic clap or stomp in time to the spoken sentence will demonstrate how this happens.
Rhythm and Intonation
Rhymes, rapping, and nonsense children's songs, jazz singing has the rhythm, stress, and intonation pattern of how a native speaker speaks in a natural conversation. The connection between spoken American English and the natural rhythm of jazz is that both have a basic 4-beat rhythm (Graham, 2006). Sometimes no words are spoken to the beat, but other signals such as clapping, tapping or pausing can be used to indicate the rhythm.
The first beat is the first stressed word, which is not always the first word of the line.
Grammar and Vocabulary
Memorization
According to Brewster et.al (2002) songs, rhymes and chants can be used in many different ways. It can be used to warm up, as a transition from one activity to another, to approach, to introduce, practice and revise new language, to change mood, to get everyone's attention, to channel high energy levels or to connect with storytelling. , thematic work or intercultural work. We can divide them into two main groups; Jazz Chant topic and Jazz Chant grammar/structure.
Topic Jazz Chant connected to a specific theme such as family, nature, seasons, animals, food, transportation, etc. While the role of grammar/structure Jazz Chant is about an English grammar or structure such as; different verbs, prepositions, tenses, imperatives, going to, etc. In this study, the researcher will use Grammar Jazz Chant because it is suitable for English students, and in addition, it will be able to increase students' basic knowledge of grammatical structures.
Select a topic
Teaching using jazz songs does not require any talent or know how to play an instrument. Jazz songs are designed to be easy and simple, so teachers and new students can use it without difficulty. According to Kustantinah & Himatu (2014), jazz songs are simple because they are about natural spoken language.
Write down useful words associated with the topic you have chosen Sellect interesting, fun, and useful words for the students to know less
Group your words according to the number of syllabes in each
Make a list of words which rhyme with each of the chosen words in your list
Make a list of descriptive words that might be used with your topic
Read one line at a time and have students repeat the line until they can say most of the words. The conceptual framework above describes all the research done by the researcher. The title of this research was “The effect of jazz singing technique on students' production of English suprasegmental sounds at the third semester in Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar.
Therefore, in conducting this study, the researcher used pre-experimental research in the form of a quantitative method. In conducting this study, the researcher focused only on the suprasegmental features, namely stress, rhythm, and intonation. A distinction is made between two types of jazz singing, namely subject Jazz Chants and grammar/structure Jazz Chants, but in conducting this study, the researcher will use grammar to measure the improvement in students' pronunciation before and after the implementation of the technique .
Research Hypothesis
In this chapter, the researcher explained research design, research variables and operational definition, research population and sample, research instrument, data collection procedure and data analysis.
Research Design
- Treatment
- Posttest
The researcher distributed the jazz song to the students and asked the students to read the song. The researcher read the song part by part and asks the students to repeat. In the next phase, the researcher made the analysis of important suprasegmental sounds such as: rhythm, stress and intonation.
Transcription of students' suprasegmental sounds: In this step, the researcher transcribed the students' sound by listening to their voices several times to make it clear. To obtain the empirical data, the researcher played the recording several times to make the students transcribe the segment and then transcribed the sounds of the recording. In this case, the researcher gave a post-test to be conducted and to find out the students' achievements related to the students' production of English suprasegmental sounds after the implementation of the Jazz Chant technique.
Research Variable and Operational Defenition
Population and Sample
Meanwhile, the technique was used to give some opportunity to the population to become research champions. In addition, the sample member received grade F only with 20 students as the sample of this research.
Research Instrument
Procedure of Data Collection
Data Analysis
Calculation of the t-test value to indicate the significance of the difference between the two means. The sum of the D (the difference between the score of two pairs) ( ) = Square of the sum of the D. The finding of the study is the classification of the result of the data collected through the test.
Research Findings
- The Improvement of Students’ production in English Suprasegmental Sounds
- The Rate Percentage of Students’ Scores Through the Test
- The Effectiveness of Using Jazz Chant Technique
- Hypothesis Test
Therefore, the improvement of the students' production in terms of English intonation from the pre-test to the post-test was 1.4. The average score of students' production in terms of English rhythm using Jazz Chant. Therefore, the improvement of the students' production in terms of English Rhythm from the pre-test to the post-test was 1.2.
The mean score of students' production in terms of English stress using jazz singing. Therefore, the improvement of the students' production in terms of English stress from the pre-test to the post-test was 1.6. After the researcher gave a treatment using Jazz Chant technique in teaching students' production of English suprasegmental sounds in terms of English intonation, the percentage of the students'.
Discussion
- The Improvement of the Students’ Production of English Suprasegmental sounds Achievement
- The Effectiveness of Using Jazz Chant Technique to Improve the Students’ Production of English Suprasegmental Sounds
This means that there was a big difference between the production of sounds on English segments by the students before and after using the Jazz Chant technique. From the pre-test score, the students' average English suprasegmental sounds achievement score. In other words, students' production of English suprasegmental sounds increased using the Jazz Chant technique.
The effectiveness of using Jazz Chant technique to improve the students' production of English suprasegmental sounds. To improve the students' production of English suprasegmental sounds in terms of English intonation, English rhythm and English stress, the researcher used Jazz Chant technique. The researcher could tell that teaching English suprasegmental sounds by using Jazz Chant was a good way to improve the students' production of English suprasegmental sounds at third semester in Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar.
Conclusion
Suggestion
Will using videos designed for teaching English pronunciation improve students' production of discrete sounds by at least 80% over a twelve-week period? Field independence/dependence, hemispheric specialization, and attitude in relation to pronunciation accuracy in Spanish as a foreign language. Phonology of foreign languages: field independence, attitudes, and the success of formal instruction in Spanish pronunciation.
Designing a set of English speaking materials using jazz songs for the English club of SMP Pangudi Luhur Yogyakarta. Attitudes, motivation, and second language learning: A meta-analysis of studies conducted by Gardner and Associates. Mispronunciation of consonants by Indonesian, Gayo and Acehnese learners of English as a foreign language.
Pre-test
Yes/No Question) Are you sure it‟s not his?
Wh-Question) What‟s the matter?
Post-test
- The students’ achievement of pre-test in terms of Intonation, Rhythm, and Stress in English
- Intonation X = ∑x
- The students’ achievement of post-test in terms of Intonation, Rhythm, and Stress in English
- Intonation X = ∑x
- The Raw Score of the Students’ production in English Intonation achievement in Pre-Test and Post-Test
- The Significance Difference of the Students’ Production in Term of English Intonation Achievement by Using Jazz Chant between the Score
- The Raw Score of the Students’ production in English Rhythm achievement in Pre-Test and Post-Test
- The Significance Difference of the Students’ Productionin Term of English Rhythm Achievement by Using Jazz Chant between the Score of
- The Raw Score of the Students’ production in Term of English Stress achievement in Pre-Test and Post-Test
- The Significance Difference of the Students’ Production in Term of English Stress Achievement by Using Jazz Chant between the Score of
Students' pre-test performance on intonation, rhythm and stress in English. Analysis of pretest data of students' production of suprasegmental sounds in relation to intonation, rhythm and stress in English. Students' post-test performance on intonation, rhythm and stress in English.
Raw score of student production achievement in English intonation achievement in pre-exam and post-exam in pre-exam and post-exam. Raw student production score on pre-test and post-test achievement in English Rhythm at pre-test and post-test. Raw assessment of student production in terms of achievement in English stress in pre-exam and post-exam achievement in pre-exam and post-exam.
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