Assyrian Relations with Syria-Palestine
Smith, "On a New Fragment of the Assyrian Canon Belonging to the Reigns of Tiglath-Pileser and Shalmaneser,". Ashur-nasir-pal II. for example, he led campaigns west of the Euphrates and to the eastern Mediterranean coast.
Tiglath-pileser III (745-727 B.c.E.)
In this case, the subjects of the sentence are "the shoot from the trunk of Jesse." Like the blow of him [Assyria] who slew him [Israel], he [Yahweh] smitten him [Assyria], or like the slaughter with which they [the Assyrians] slew him [Israel], he [Assyria] is butchered.
Shalmaneser V (727-722 c.E.)
Saigon II (722-705 B.c.E.)
Sennacherib (704-681 B.c.E.)
Egypt During the Second Half of the
The most powerful of his opponents was Tefnakht, who bore the title "Great Chief of the West". From Piye's account of his invasion we can learn a number of things about Egypt in the third quarter of the eighth century.
Historical Developments Within Israel
With Shabako's conquest of and settlement in Egypt, it was XXV. (the Ethiopian) dynasty firmly in control of the country. The increased Assyrian control over the eastern Mediterranean and its trade must have strained relations between the Ethiopians and the Assyrians.
The Chronological Problems
Jeroboam II of Israel and Uzziah/Jotham
Israelite Civil War
Note Hosea's judgment of the "house of Jehu," the entire royal house, not just the immediate family of Jeroboam II. However, the years leading up to the overthrow of the Jehu dynasty were years of growing Urartian.
Ahaz and the Syro-Ephraimitic Crisis
Fifth, Ahaz was under increasing pressure to cooperate with the anti-Assyrian forces in the west. During his reign, the Assyrians took action against anti-Assyrian coalitions in the area on four occasions: (a).
The Reign of Hezekiah
The Superscription (1:l)
The title of the book: "The Vision of Isaiah". The term vid, from the word haza, meaning "to see," is somewhat unusual. Isaiah is identified only by his father - "son of Amoz". Some of the.
An Earthquake and Its Aftermath (1:2-20)
For example, Jeremiah is identified as "the son of Hilkiah, of the priests who were in Anathoth, in the land of Benjamin" (Jer. 1:1), while Amos, whose father is not mentioned, "was among the shepherds of Tekoa" (Amos 1:l). Was "the evil of your doings" a reference to the abundance of religious services and human sacrifices.
Jerusalem: Past, Present, and Future
Behind such accusations against the city fathers ("princes" . in the RSV) may have been a legal system in which those who needed legal judgment paid those who acted as judges or arbitrators. The powerful (leaders or a designated leader?) will become the ignition and the work of the powerful will be the spark;.
Yahweh Had a Day (2:6-22)
This text, with its intricate but artistic repetition, draws on the destructive power of the earthquake that shook. In the midst of the earthquakes of the earth, neither statues nor war machines nor wealth made a difference (v. 9).
A Society Topsy-turvy (3:1-15)
The Daughters of Jerusalem (3:16-4:6)
A Vineyard Gone Bad (5:1-30)
In the description of the treatment of the vineyard (ie Israel and Judah), the walls of the vineyard are broken down, and the vineyard is trampled. Isaiah claims that the devastation of the population of Israel and possibly the Jewish land was the work of Yahweh.
A New Task and a New Message (6:1-13)
Isaiah describes his reaction to the vision as feeling unworthy and sinful in the presence of the absolutely holy. Like the king, he is the true representative of the divine, for he stood in the divine world.
Deliverance for the House of David-
Refusing the Waters of ShiIoah (8:1-20)........14 0
A Word Against Jacob (g&10:4)
Assyria, the Rod of Yahweh’s Anger
To the arrogant onslaught of the Syro-Ephraimite foe, Yahweh will respond with awesome power and bring "the sublime nadir." The second motivation for thanksgiving given in the psalm is the destruction of the Assyrian citadel (v. 2). The result of Yahweh's destruction of the citadel is set forth in the verse of verse 3.
Clements, Isaiah and the Liberation of Jerusalem: A Study of the Interpretation of Old Testament Prophecy (Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1980); R.
An Ensign for the Nations (10:27&12:6).......20 6
Yahweh’s Purpose and the Death of a King
Katzenstein, The History of Tire from the Beginning of the Second Millennium B.C. Neo-BabyZoniun Empire in 538 B.C. In the rest of verse 9, Isaiah relates the cleansing of the people to the centralizing cultic reforms of Hezekiah. One would expect a participial form of the verb if the thought in the text is continuous.
Even the weather will cooperate+“It will hail in the depression of the forest” (v. The sound of Yahweh's roar and his exaltation were manifested in the coming of the Assyrian troops.
Rejoice Not, 0 Phihstia (14:28-32)
An Oracle on Moab (15:1-16:14)
Difficulties in understanding many of the details of the text are already indicated in the ancient versions. Grammatically it does not appear to be part of the next appeal addressed to the Judean leaders. The petition of the Moabite envoys is given in verse (2)3-5 and should be read as a direct quote.
Old Coalitions Never Die (17:1-14)
Clemest, Isaiah, and the Deliverance of Jerusalem: A Study of the Prefafion of Prophecy in the Old Testament (Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1980); Clements, "The Unity of the Book of Isaiah," lnt W.
Ambassadors in Papyrus Boats (18:1-7)
Assyrian, Egyptian, and Israelite Ecumenism
Here Isaiah indicates that he sees Sargon's new policies in the region as part of Yahweh's purposes. A further factor in the policy of the Delta monarchs before 720 was their attitude towards the Ethiopians. There will be an altar to Yahweh in the midst of the land of Egypt, which will serve as a sign and testimony to Yahweh (w. 19a, 20~).
A Prophetic Demonstration (20:1-6)
When Assyrian forces finally campaigned against Ashdod, they encountered little resistance in the area. It is reported in the form of two divine oracles that the deeds of Isaiah were performed at the command of Yahweh and that these deeds symbolized the fate of the Egyptians and the Ethiopians. NO Ethiopian/Egyptian force appears to have been involved in the 713-711 rebellion, although some Ethiopians and Egyptians may have been in the area as special emissaries.
The Oracle on the Sealand (21:1-17)
Given his opposition to the anti-Assyrian movements of the time and the role of Merodachbaladan, the latter was probably the case. A description of the attack on the south (lb) The prophet's vision of the matter (2-5) A Yahweh oracle (6-7). The prophet begins by comparing the evil of the attack on Zealand to a whirlwind from the desert.
He Took Away the Covering of Judah
Second, the events described recall the defeat of Judah by the Assyrians in 712/11 as a result of their participation in the Ashdod-led rebellion. A number of activities of the leaders are mentioned. nbt) in the arms of the House of the Forest (v. Bb). In verses 12-13, Isaiah returns to the issue of the celebration of the city, as stated in verses 1b-2.
Two Officials Condemned (22:15-25)
Verses l-13 describe Yahweh's act of causing disorder and disorder in the arrangements of the world. Part of the earth's problem is its evil: “His transgression (of the worlds) is heavy upon it and upon it [the old world order]. In the first six chapters we get an overview of the prophet's ministry under Uzziah and Jotham.
The Demise of Tyre (23:1-18)
A Cantata of Salvation (24-27)
The first of these texts is the story of the making of the golden calf in the wilderness. In fact, the destruction of Assyrian power was understood as a dominant feature of Yahweh's rearrangement of the world. The universality of Yahweh's work is said to include even the moon and the sun (see Amos 8:9).
The Drunkards of Ephraim and the Foolish
It may be nothing more than imitation of "baby talk". The text hardly makes sense and. In verse 20, which may be part of the Yahweh oracle, Isaiah quotes a proverbial expression used to describe a person in dire straits: "The sofa is too short to stretch out, and the cover is too narrow to curl up " (NJPSV). 2 Kings 14:13 says that the wall was destroyed "from the Ephraim Gate to the Corner Gate". The Hebrew term for the latter gate is sha'ar happinnah (see also 2 Chron. 26:9).
Zion to be Threatened but Saved (29:1-24)
The assailant describes the siege of the city (v. 3), the humiliation of being beaten into the dust from which appeals will be made (v. 4), and the immense number of forces that will attack the city (v. 5). The ancient audience, like the modern reader, must have wondered, “Who will attack the city as David once did?” The audience might think that the prophet is speaking as if he were Yahweh, but without the usual signs of the divine. address. That Ariel refers to Jerusalem is evident from the expression "the place where David encamped" (or "against which David encamped").
Woe to Those Who Go Down to Egypt
The area north of Philistia ("the way of the sea" in Isa. 9:l) had most likely been provincialized by the Assyrians in 734 or 732. It is uncertain whether "the teacher" or "the one who teaches you" refers to God, to the king or to Isaiah, although most translations and interpretations assume that God is the referent. Isaiah describes this burning place as a place prepared for the "king" (hammerek), namely the king of Assyria, thus speaking of the term Molech.
Egypt Is Human Not Divine (31:1-9)
From the context, it is clear that the "house of evildoers" and "workers of iniquity" refer to Israel, at least to those among it who advocate revolt against Assyria and reliance on the Egyptians, and that the "help" (or hope - of help ) refers to Egyptian aid. The reason given by Isaiah to support his call is stated as a warning in verse 7: "For in that day all will deny [or reject] the images of silver and gold that your hands have made for you." (The word sin at the end of the verse, missing in some ancient versions, appears to be a gloss.) Isaiah uses this terminology of "casting" imagery elsewhere to speak of the human response when faced with God's crushing action (see 2:20; 17:s; 30:22). Despite this variety, the overall meaning of the material is clear: Assyria will be shaken and fall as a result of God's action.
A King in Righteousness Should Reign
It designates those from whom new life will grow—namely, "fugitives (fleeing to Jerusalem) from what remained of the house of Judah" and the inhabitants of Jerusalem itself. The rest of the material was generally considered authentic, but was dated to various periods in the Prophet's career. The prophet Isaiah and the authenticity of the Isainic traditions were evaluated in the light of these claims.
Yahweh for Us (33:1-24)
Again Zion Threatened but Delivered
On the basis of Jeremiah 34 and 28:1 and the dating of the Babylonian siege of Jerusalem (assuming that Nebuchadrezzar captured the city in 586), it can be shown that the year 588-587 (a fall to fall) was a sabbatical year. The narratives in chapters 38-39 are late and have been shaped by the experiences of the Babylonian exile. During the history of the tradition, larger "complexes of tradition" and collections have arisen out of these.
Hezekiah’s Sickness (38:1-22)
Visiting Ambassadors from Babylon
Strachey, Jewish History and Politics in the Times of Sargon and Sennacherib: An Inqui y info the Historical Meaning and Purpose of the Prophecies of Isaiah (ed. 2d;. Kennett, The Composition of the Book of Isaiah (London: British Academy, 1910 R. Most contemporary scholarship on Isaiah l-39 is based on a number of field assumptions, among which are the following: The inner circle of debate was concerned with a number of issues more narrowly focused on the authenticity and structure of Isaiah l-39.
