THE MEDIATION OF HUMAN CAPITAL
By
Evangelyn 11403002
BACHELOR’S DEGREE in
BUSINESS ADMINITRATION – HOTEL AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND COMMUNICATION
SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY The Prominence Tower
Jalan Jalur Sutera Barat No. 15, Alam Sutera Tangerang, Banten 15143 - Indonesia
July 2018
Revised after the Thesis Defense on 16 July 2018
Evangelyn
STATEMENT BY AUTHOR
I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published or written by another person, nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at any educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis.
Evangelyn
Student Date
Approved by:
Fiter Abadi, MBA
Thesis Advisor Date
Dr. Nila Krisnawati Hidayat, SE, MM
Dean of Business and Communication Faculty Date
Evangelyn
ABSTRACT
ANALYSIS FACTORS OF INNOVATION PERFORMANCE IN THE 3 STARS HOTEL INDUSTRY IN JAKARTA WITH
THE MEDIATION OF HUMAN CAPITAL
By Evangelyn
Fiter Abadi, MBA, Advisor
SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY
The hotel industry in Jakarta is suffering a high competitive market situation, which leads to decrease in average hotel occupancy. This is because of the imbalance growth of the number of hotels and the number of tourists visiting Jakarta. Studies ague that innovation is the answer when organization is facing competitive market. Different with others, MaxOne Hotel group in Jakarta shows that they can survive the competitive market through innovating. This study argues that innovation performance can be driven by the human resource management practices through human capital. To get better understanding on the relation between human resource management practices, human capital, and innovation performance, this study tries to explore the MaxOne Hotels employees’ perspectives by self-evaluating their performance. The data obtained from 125 employees of MaxOne Hotels in Jakarta shows that human capital has strong relation with innovation performance. However, not all of the human resource management practices are significantly influence the human capital in the organization.
Keywords: Human Resource Management Practices, Human Capital, Innovation Performance, Hotel Industry
Evangelyn
© Copyright 2018 by Evangelyn All rights reserved
Evangelyn
DEDICATION
I dedicate this study for my family for their endless support and encouragement.
Thank you for always believing in me.
Evangelyn
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to God for giving me countless blessing, faith, and strength to complete this thesis.
My sincere thank you to both of my parents, Sugito Gunawan and Fifi, for their unconditional love, support, and understanding. I would also like to thank my brothers, Sachiyo Kenji and Kennichie Manzo, and my dogs Keiko and Seika, who have been supporting me and making my days filled with happiness throughout the stressful thesis process.
I would also like to express my biggest appreciation to my thesis advisor, Fiter Abadi, MBA, for all the encouragement, critics, guidance, and support during this thesis development. To Munawaroh Zainal, SE, MM, Robert La Are, S.ST, M.Par., James Hunt, and Michael D. McNeil, thank you for your support, insightful comments, and help.
For my biggest supporter, Nicolas Alvin, thank you for always being there for me.
Thank you for tons of encouragement and understanding during my stressful days that helps me to survive my university life.
To Jesslyn Wakarie and Mario Hidayat, who have been fighting and struggling together for the sake of this thesis.
To Maria Emanuelle, Lolita Juliany, and Juan Aprilliano, my main support system, thank you for being there for me through my ups and downs, endless support, and for being good listeners.
Last but not least, my biggest thank to all my friends in Hotel & Tourism Management B class, Khansa Qonita, Rivani Fachmi, Gabriella Windya, Chatarina Natalia Putri, Bagus Dwi Satrio, and Olivia Triciana for all the laughs and tears. I also like to thank to all Hotel & Tourism Management Department Batch 2014 for all the unforgettable moment during these past 4 years in Swiss German University.
Evangelyn
Table of Contents
STATEMENT BY AUTHOR... 2
ABSTRACT ... 3
DEDICATION ... 5
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ... 6
Lists of Figures ... 10
Lists of Tables ... 11
Chapter 1 : Introduction ... 13
1.1. Background ... 13
1.2. Research Problems ... 18
1.3. Research Questions ... 20
1.4. Research Objectives ... 20
1.5. Scope and Limitation ... 21
1.6. Significant of Study ... 21
Chapter 2 : Literature Review ... 22
2.1. Conceptual Framework ... 22
2.1.1. Strategic Human Resource Management ... 23
2.1.2. Resource-based Theory ... 24
2.1.3. Human Resource Management Practices ... 25
2.1.4. Human Capital ... 30
2.1.5. Innovation Theory ... 31
2.2. Previous Study... 33
2.3. Study Differences ... 39
2.4. Hypothesis ... 40
Chapter 3 : Research Method ... 41
3.1. Type of Study ... 41
3.2. Unit Analysis and Unit Observation ... 41
3.3. Sampling Design ... 41
3.3.1. Population & Sample ... 42
3.3.2. Sampling Method ... 42
3.3.3. Sample Size ... 43
3.4. Location & Timeframe of Study ... 44
Evangelyn
3.5. Data Sources and Collection Method ... 45
3.5.1. Type of Data ... 45
3.5.2. Data Collection Method ... 45
3.5.3. Questionnaire Structure ... 46
3.6. Research Model ... 47
3.7. Variable Operationalization ... 48
3.8. Data Processing Procedures ... 51
3.8.1. Data Preparation... 51
3.8.2. Data Screening ... 51
3.8.3. Validity Test... 52
3.8.4. Reliability Test ... 55
3.9. Data Analysis Technique ... 58
3.9.1. Descriptive Statistic Analysis Technique ... 58
3.9.2. Inferential Statistic Analysis Technique ... 59
Chapter 4 : Result and Discussion ... 63
4.1. Brief Company Background... 63
4.2. Respondent Profile ... 71
4.2.1. Gender ... 72
4.2.2. Department ... 73
4.2.3. Job Position ... 75
4.3. Descriptive Statistic Analysis... 76
4.3.1. Department and Innovation Performance ... 76
4.3.2. Job Position and Innovation Performance ... 82
4.4. Inferential Statistic Analysis ... 87
4.4.1. Measurement Model ... 87
4.4.2. Structural Model ... 91
4.4.3. Path Diagram ... 97
4.5. Hypothesis Testing Result & Analysis... 98
4.6. Discussion ... 103
4.6.1. Recruitment/Selection Practices (RS) – Human Capital (HC) ... 104
4.6.2. Training/Development Practices (TD) – Human Capital (HC) ... 106
4.6.3. Compensation/Appraisal Practices (CA) - Human Capital (HC) ... 109
4.6.4. Human Capital (HC) – Innovation Performance (IP) ... 111
Evangelyn
4.6.5. Innovation Performance (IP)... 113
Chapter 5 : Conclusion and Recommendation ... 116
5.1. Conclusion ... 116
5.1.1. Descriptive Analysis Conclusion ... 116
5.1.2. Inferential Analysis Conclusion ... 117
5.2. Managerial Implication ... 118
5.3. Recommendation for Further Study ... 125
Glossary ... 126
Reference ... 130
Appendix ... 142
Appendix #1: Questionnaire ... 142
Appendix #2: Raw Questionnaire Data ... 146
Appendix #3: R Table ... 152
Appendix #4: Pre-Test ... 152
Validity Test... 152
Appendix #5: T Value Calculator ... 155
Appendix #6: Post-Test... 155
Construct Validity and Reliability ... 155
Collinearity Statistics (VIF) ... 155
Path Coefficients ... 156
R Square ... 156
f Square ... 156
Construct Cross Validated Redundancy ... 157
Curriculum Vitae ... 158
Plagiarism Test... 160