This research aims to analyze the non-observance of maxims that contains in the conversation between Jonathan Ross, the presenter of The Jonathan Ross Show, and Cristiano Ronaldo as the guest that published in YouTube on November 14th, 2015 using the cooperative principle and conversational implicature theory which was initiated by Paul Grice. As the results, this research contains nineteen non-observance of maxims that performs by Jonathan Ross and Cristiano Ronaldo. All of the lecturers of English Letters Department who have taught a precious knowledge during my study.
INTRODUCTION
- Research Background
- Research Focus
- Research Questions
- Research Objectives
- Research Significance
- Research Methodology
- Research Method
- Technique of Data Collecting and Data Analysis
- Research Instrument
- Unit of Analysis
What types of the non-observance of maxims that occur through the utterances between Jonathan Ross and Cristiano Ronaldo. To identify the types of the non-observance of maxims that occur through the utterances between Jonathan Ross and Cristiano Ronaldo. This research uses the transcript of the interview between Jonathan Ross and Cristiano Ronaldo as the written sources.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Previous Research
The author also identified 20 violations of the maxims into 4 types of Cooperative Principle, which are 4 maxim of quantity, 11 maxim of quality, 1 maxim of relevance, and 4 maxim of manner. As the results, the author only found one kind of the non-observance of maxims within 14 data, which is flouting a maxim that found in 4 types of cooperative principle‟s maxim that consists of 5 flouting maxim of quantity, 2 flouting maxim of quantity and relation, 2 flouting maxim of quality and manner, 2 flouting maxim of relation, 1 flouting maxim of quantity and quality, 1 flouting maxim of quantity and manner, and 1 flouting maxim of quality and quantity. If Putra‟s thesis did not analyze the types of Conversational Implicature while Rahman‟s thesis only found flouting a maxim as the results, this study will discuss various types of the non-observance of.
Theory
- Cooperative Principle
- Non-Observance of Maxims
- Flouting a Maxim
- Violating a Maxim
- Infringing a Maxim
- Opting Out a Maxim
- Suspending a Maxim
- Conversational Implicature
- Generalized Conversational Implicature
- Particularized Conversational Implicature
In the example above, the speaker points to the fact that he is observing the maxim of manner in a committee meeting (Cutting 35). The speaker who flouts the maxim of quantity seems to give too little or too much information. This different meaning is, in the prototypical case, intended by the speaker and expected to be understood (implied) by the hearer (Mey 371).
RESEARCH FINDINGS
Data Description
So this is why I say and I'm going to repeat English people they are polite for me because they respect that. My friends and my family and then they're not going to surprise but I did the movie for my fans as you know the guy who have more followers it's me not by. And it changes mind all the time but going to be whatever you want and I'm not I'm not I don't make pressure because my father's and my mom never.
Your mother obviously is a hugely important part of your life, she figures quite heavily in the movie. But one thing that amazed me is that she says in the film and you're there that you were an unwanted child she didn't want to keep you. Are you see in the world's many kids don't have mom and don‟t have dad or dead as die your mom's died on they beat him up.
Of course it's so will be like why you don't listen some points in the life it's private and people have to respect the privacy of the people you know when. Cristiano are going to grow up I'm always always going to say this to him because he deserve. Jonathan is asking about Cristiano‟s life when he was five and lived in the small Portuguese island named Madeira.
Jonathan asked about which clubs that he wants to join in the future after Real Madrid.
Data Analysis
The Ballon d'Or is FIFA's kind of idea of who is the best overall footballer this last year.” Jonathan generates an implicature that he actually intends to persuade Cristiano to another interesting topic with this answer. This datum also contains flouting a maxim of relation as in the previous one indicated by Jonathan‟s utterance. In the movie, his son tells Cristiano that actually he wants to be a goalkeeper in the future.
But likely Cristiano wants to create an implicature in his answer that actually he expects that someday his son will change his mind not to be a goalkeeper in the future. The context of this datum is that Cristiano stated that he gave a freedom to his son, about what he wants to be in the future. But Cristiano generates an implicature that he wants to give the reason why he liberates his child about what he wants to be in the future.
But one thing that amazed me is that she says in the film and you're there that you were an unwanted child she didn't want to keep you.” Therefore, Jonathan had performed a flouting a maxim of relation in his utterance. It is impossible that Cristiano will never let his son to know who his biological mother in the future. Therefore, this type of non-observance of maxims is considered as flouting a maxim of quality and also generates a particularized conversational implicature because it takes place in very specific context which is in the talk about the biological mother of Cristiano‟s child which even Jonathan did not know her identity.
The context of this datum is that Jonathan asked Cristiano about his life when he was five and lived in the small Portuguese island named Madeira. Similar with the previous datum, this one also contains flouting a maxim of manner as the non-observance of maxims which are indicated by Jonathan‟s utterance “This is normal but slightly below” as a continuance from Cristiano‟s joke in the previous datum. The implicature that Cristiano produced is likely he has no plan about the club that he wants to play in the future.
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
Conclusions
The implementation of the maxims of cooperative principle theory which initiated by Paul Grice in every conversation is very essential because it could make the conversation works effectively as it should. However, the maxim is not always applied and tends to be violated by the speaker in every conversation for some reasons. Based on the research findings in the third chapter, this research contains nineteen non- observance of maxims from the conversation between Jonathan Ross as the host of The Jonathan Ross Show, and Cristiano Ronaldo as his guest.
The non-observance of maxims found in this research consist of three types, namely flouting, violating, and opting out a maxim, and the flouting a maxim is the most widely committed by the speakers in this conversation because they expect their hearer to appreciate the meaning implied. Moreover, those three non-observance of the maxims that are performed in this conversation produce two types of conversational implicature, which are the generalized conversational implicature and the particularized conversational implicature which is also the most widely generated in this research. It is because the topic of the conversation that they do is talking about his movie entitled “Ronaldo”, besides, it also.
All in all, the most performed maxim‟s non-observance by Cristiano Ronaldo is flouting a maxim in which the speaker implies the meaning in his utterance with an expectation that his interlocutor understands what the meaning actually is. While the other non-observance of maxims, such as violating and opting out are committed by him in order to protect his private life from public‟s consumption.
Suggestions
Cooperative Principle Analysis in the Conversation between David Letterman and Jim Carrey on the Late Show with David Letterman.” Thesis. Cristiano : I don‟t have rivals, we have a normal relationship, we share this stage then FIFA eight years there no one's did that in the past is only as so it's good to have a good relationship with him. Especially when I remember the thing that I have more in my memories the time when I my father was sick in the hospital and it was we are the in there tough moment of the season because we have a we had the important games in Champions League in the league and I say coach I need to go to see my daddy and I was a key player, I was very important player and he said listen, your family is the most important that you have.
Jonathan : You know you mentioned you said he was like you said this before he was like your father in the world football and they just mentioned your biological father who died in 2005 I think. Cristiano : Yes I have unbelievable memories and when I started to play football, my father was so proud of me because you know he was a good man of a football club and a few goals and score goals and next they are coming in the paper like small small part and he was so proud to put it in his paper and it shows all friends in their neighborhood it's, it's unbelievable memories that I have and it's great just that I have his memories in my mind of my father of the small moments. Yeah so idea that is so idea for them, for my friends especially because they always with me in the great moments and in a bad moments - so I did for them.
Once again this is touched upon in the film of course you have never revealed and I don't think you have intend to reveal or share the identity of the mother of your son. Of course it's so will be like why you don't listen some points in the life it's private and people have to respect the privacy of the people you know when Cristiano are going to grow up I'm always always going to say this to him because he deserve. Jonathan : That's a good point of it because there's a funny scene in the movie where you pick your son up from school in awhile voice of course, and you get home and say come and see which one's missing which one‟s missing its kind and is it the Porsche but no no look look look look you did it and he goes to a Lamborghini when yes why didn't you see the lambo he's five and he has to know which car is missing.
I'll let me ask you about what's going on in the future for you because there any professional sportsman that your level of the game obviously you have a limited career.
