The excretory vesicle is tube-like and extends anteriorly, dorsal to the testes, to the level of the posterior margin of the ovary. Testes large, ovoid, tandem in position and located in the anterior part of the posterior third of the body.
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Anteriorly directed cecal appendages extend to the level of the mid-pharynx, where each is provided with four lateral diverticula. The vitellaria consist of quadrangular groups of follicles that extend both dorsally and ventrally from the level of the pharynx to the posterior end of the body.
ART. 13 TREMATODE PARASITES OF MARINE MAMMALS PRICE 13 Genus ZALOPHOTR'EMA Stunkard and Alvey, 1929
These specimens agree in all essential characters with the description given by Stunkard and Alvey, except the branching of the anterior ceca and the length of the cirrus sac. Stunkard and Alvey state that "each of the anterior branches gives off two or three diverticula," but no such diverticula were found in the specimens available to the writer.
AUT. 13 TKEMATODE PAEASITES OF MAKINE MAMMALS PRICE 15 KEY TO SPECIES OF ORTHOSPLANCHNUS
Testes oval, 935/i long and 390/1 wide, entire, tandem in position and situated in posterior quarter of anterior half of body. Testes spherical 159/a in diameter, located in tandem and located in the rear part of the body.
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Oral sucker l70/x to 200/a in diameter; acetabulum 250/i to 300/a in diameter, located about one-third of body length from front. Genital pore located at the anterior margin of acetabulum; cirrus pouch absent; pars prostatica short and directed.
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Uterus with numerous transverse loops confined to the intercecal field and not extending anteriorly beyond the acetabulum. 140/A to 160/z, wide; esophagus 80/a to 140/x, long; intestinal ceca is slender and extends almost to the posterior end of the body, the left cecum being slightly shorter than the right.
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Subterminal oral mammal; acetabulum about the same size as the oral sucker, located about one-fourth the length of the body from the anterior end. Uterus anterior to ovary as in Opisthorchis; the coils may extend laterally beyond the inner borders of the caeca. The feature which apparently led Cobbold to consider the form from India identical with that from Brazil was the "irregularly toothed" edge of the body, for he says: "I know of no other.
The writer doubts whether the form which Cobbold calls Distoma lancea is the same as Diesing's species, but owing to the incompleteness of his description and figure, no opinion is expressed as to possible affinities.
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The excretory pore is located in the recess of the posterior structure, which is similar to a mammal.. esophagus very short; intestinal caeca slightly sinuous and reaching posterior end of body.. vesicle coiled and free in parenchyma. Testes globose or slightly elliptic, 172/* to 376/x long, located in the posterior third of the body, one slightly in front of the other. The surface of the body is covered with small scale-like spines, which decrease posteriorly and may disappear towards the posterior end of the body.
The testes are oval, spherical or slightly lobed, near the posterior end of the body, next to each other or obliquely in front of each other.
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Description.— Apophallus: Body ovoid to linguiform in shape, .. esophagus slender, branched 135jato 265ja from the front of . body; intestinal ceca simple, extending into the posterior fourth of the body. Testes oval or globose in shape, 80fi to 200/x by 60)U to 200/i, obliquely situated in elongated specimens, more or less opposite in more contracted specimens, and occupying the posterior third of the body. Vitellaria well developed, extending from the back of the body to slightly beyond the bifurcation of the ceca.
Uterus with few spirals and occupying the intercecal sjDace between the anterior border of the left testis and the anterior.
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Prepharynx 80^ long and 60/>i wide; esophagus 120ja to ISO/n long, approximately . halfway between pharynx and acetabulum; The intestinal ceca ends at the level of the anterior edge of the testes. Testes oval or reniform in shape, 160/li to 240)ii by 120/i, to 140/x, located opposite each other in the anterior part of the posterior fourth of the body. Ovary ovoid, about the size of one of the testicles, located to the right of the midline in front of the right testis.
Vitellaria consists of five to seven groups of small follicles on each side of the.
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In the same article, Witenberg proposed a new genus, Gercaurioides, as the basis for a new subfamily, Cercarioidinae, the type. Therefore the writer Gercarioides considers Witenberg as a synonym of Galactosoiii'wn Looss, the two species of G. Pharynx are small, ITjH long, the width is almost equal to the length, and is located about 10x from the oral piston.
Esophagus short and narrow; intestinal ceca simple and extending to the posterior end of the body.
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The oral sucker with paired evagimations is usually drawn into the oral canal by the action of the strong muscles associated with the oral sucker; acetate-. The mouth opening is slightly sub-terminal and is followed by an oral canal, the length of which depends on the degree of retraction of the oral sucker. The oral sucker is usually retracted so that its position is approximately midway between the intestinal bifurcation and the anterior end of the body, the retraction being due to the contraction of about 30 muscle bands inserted into the wall of the oral sucker, which radiate backward and climb up to.
The excretory pore is located on the dorsal midline slightly cephalad of the level of the ovary; the excretory vesicle is bag-shaped and relatively thick-walled.
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However, the majority of specimens were immature and smaller than those on which the above description is based, and considerable variation was found to exist, particularly in the shape of the testes. They agree in all other respects, however, and must be regarded as the same species as those of the other lots which correspond more closely to the description given by Fischoeder. Excretory pores dorsal, near posterior end of body; excretory vesicle with short stem and long branches, which unite near the front of the body.
Genital pore median and located in the anterior part of the body, except in Nudacotyle where it is lateral and in the posterior part of the body; cirrus bag elongated; testes postequatorial, in the same transverse plane, usually extra glabrous.
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Long branches are given off here and there along the course of the excretory canals. Uterus slender and very convoluted, extending laterally beyond the ceca .. and from the testes anteriorly to about one fourth of the body . length from the front end.
ART. 13 TEEMATODE PARASITES OF MARINE MAMMALS PRICE 47 Family RHABDIOPOEIDAE Poche, 1926
The excretory pore is located on the floor of the proboscidean chamber; excretory bladder large and branched, each of the branches narrows into 1 of the 4 main trunk vessels, 2 of the vessels are median and 2 lateral. Lateral vessels extend anteriorly, lateral to the testes and immediately join the anterior and ventral bifurcation of the intestine; provided with short lateral branches along their course from the anterior level. Cirrus pouch long and slender, its posterior end extending to the median line about one-fourth the length of the body from the anterior end; it contains a small portion of the seminal vesicle, an ejaculatory duct surrounded by prostate cells, and a muscular cirrus.
Uterus long and slender, composed of numerous, closely packed transverse loops extending laterally beyond the borders of the cecum to the lateral branches of the excretory system.
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50 PROCESSING OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.81. recognizes the genus Pulmonicola^ proposed by Poche. The excretory system consists of two ducts, one on each side, united by a commissure a short distance caudad to the intestinal bifurcation and again by a similar commissure about halfway between the intestinal bifurcation. Each of the canals has side branches, which extend to the edge of the body.
The cirrus sac is cylindrical, 2 mm long x 245/x wide, placed in the midline in the posterior part of the body, containing a strongly coiled seminal vesicle and.
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The cuticle of the ventral surface is covered with scaly spines, Yyu, long by 4/* broad, arranged in irregular alternating rows. The excretory pore is located posteriorly, about 930/1, from the posterior end of the body, where the opening is surrounded by a muscle. 465/A from the front border of the body; it is deeply embedded in the parenchyma and projects only slightly beyond the ventral surface.
Cirrus sac thin, about 3 mm long and 155/x wide at level of testes; the walls are moderately thick.
ART. 13 TREMATODE PARASITES OF MARINE MAMMALS PRICE 53 and muscular, both circular and longitudinal fibers being present
Laurer's canal is absent; and the end of the uterus does not expand to form an egg reservoir. Other differences can be easily seen by comparing the descriptions and figures of the two species. In Pochc's (1926) classification of the trematodes, the monostomes belonging to the families Notocotylidae, Pronocephalidae, Opisthotrematidae and Rhabdiopoeidae are placed in the supersuperfamily Notocotylida.
Ovary small, median in position, located a short distance caudad from the equator of body; Mehlis' gland smaller than ovary and located immediately.
SPECIES OF UNCERTAIN POSITION DISTOMA ANDERSONI Cobbold, 1876
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LIST OF TREMATODES ARRANGED ACCORDING TO HOSTS' Order CETACEA
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
62 PEOCEEDINGS OP THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL.81
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A new species of trematode of the family Heterophyidae, with a note on the genus Apophallus and related genera. Synopsis of the trematode family Heterophyidae with descriptions of a new genus and five new species. The anatomy of the great American caudal fin (Fasciola magna), and a comparison with other species of the genus {Fasciola, s. st.).
Army Medical Museum, Biological Department of the University of Pennsylvania (Col. Leidy) and in Coll.
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Campula oblonya: 2, Aher ('(jhoohl original; 4, section tlirougli iio.sltMior t'lnl of the body with the opening of the intestinal ceca, original; 5, egg: (a) Transverse section, (h) lateral view, original. 41 Adult specimen, ventral view, original: 42, l.vmi)h system, dorsal view, original: 43, sagittal section, original: 44, anterior section through genital sucker, original; 45, immature specimen with protruding oral sucker, original .
