EUPHEMISM IN POLITICAL NEWS WITH PROGRAM INSIDE POLITICS OF CABLE NEWS NETWORK (CNN)
Dila Septiardy, Edwar Kemal, Sesmiyanti
Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat [email protected]
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini adalah tentang eufemisme yang ditemukan didalam berita politik dengan program inside politics pada CNN. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tipe-tipe dan makna dari euphemism yang terdapat dalam berita politik dengan program inside politics pada CNN. Teori yang digunakan oleh peneliti dalam penelitian ini adalah teori Fujita di dalam Nilwati yang membagi tipe-tipe eufemisme menjadi eufemisme positif dan eufemisme negatif. Dan teori Chaer yang membagi makna eufemisme menjadi denotatif dan konotatif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan deskriptif sebagai desain penelitian. Dalam mengumpulkan data peneliti menggunakan metode simak dengan teknik Simak Bebas Libak Cakap (SBLC) dan dokumen ceklis sebagai alatnya. Dalam menganalisis data peneliti memakai metode padan dengan mengunakan teknik padan referensial. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini peneliti terlebih dahulu membaca dan memprint transkrip inside politics yang ada pada www.transribeinsidepolitics.com. Peneliti mengambil data selama enam hari dari tanggal 2-7 juli 2018. Peneliti mengidentifikasi data menggunakan dokumen ceklis berdasarkan tipe dan makna dari eufemisme. Hasil peneliti menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 25 berita politik yang mengandung eufemisme dengan membagi tipe eufemisme menjadi 16 eufemisme positif, 9 eufemisme negatif dan membagi makna eufemisme menjadi 12 makna denotatif, 13 makna konotatif.
Kata Kunci: Eufemisme, Inside Politics, Tipe-tipe Eufemisme, Makna Eufemisme, CNN
INTRODUCTION
Mass media become a place to share information in conveyed some information to the society. One of tools mass media is television and it has very prevalent in modern culture and something known by many people. In television the people find
varieties types of news such as reported on the political news, sports news, economic news and entertainment. The researcher has chosen the words, phrases, and sentences that used by the journalist in broadcasted of political news.
Public figure of course become
attention for many people, but in mass media not only politician and officeholder but also in giving information, journalist should be careful to choose language and words in public to keep the relationship among them. The journalists usually use feeling to avoid of used bad words in order give a good affected to the society.
These different ways of expressing feeling and attitude in uses implicit expression which were considerate soft and mild we entail the figurative language.
Figurative language use based on context and situation with says the words something other than the literal meaning. There are many kinds of figurative language that able to analyzed, but this research only analyzed the euphemism.
Euphemism is one of part the figurative language which uses by the people as tool to communication.
Euphemisms make communication more polite and avoid taboo word such as inappropriate and uncomfortable to be heard so the author uses euphemism to express something without offending the
others. For example, “Uncle Keith died last year” to sentence euphemism is “uncle Keith passed away”. Thus, the author uses euphemism to express something pleasant without had offended or disturbed the readers.
The researcher tried to analyze transcribe of euphemism on CNN channel to show a journalist in using good language and not taboo words in giving information. The researcher choose "inside politic" in television channel on CNN with political news as object to conducted the research and to knew what were the types and meaning of euphemism that used by journalists in broadcasted news.
Furthermore it is the example of euphemism on CNN channel about the political news aired July 2nd -7th 2017 - 08:00 ET by theme were Republicans Criticize Trump's Sexist Tweet Rant; Senators Seek Compromise on Health Care Bill;
Assessing Trump's Agenda as follow:
One of speaker or journalist King says that “In addition to those objections, Democrats call it a mix of fantasy and conspiracy theory”
Conspiracy theory is an explanation of an event or situation that invokes a conspiracy. In general was the word conspiracy theory for political, social, and historical events. The expression so substituted:
“Conspiracy” is a euphemism for
“machination”.
Tarigan (2009:109) states four major Figures of Speech. The first is comparative talking about comparative consists of Simile, Metaphor, Allegory, Fable, Parable, and Personification. The second is contradictive talking about contradictive consists of Hyperbole, Litotes, Irony Oxymoron, Paronomasia, Zeugma. Then, correlative consists of Metonymy, Synecdoche, Euphemism, Ellipsis, gradation. And the last repetition consists of Alliteration, Chiasmus, and Repetition. It means that there are many kinds of figure of speech and one of part of the figurative language is euphemism.
According to Gomez (2012: 43) euphemism and dysphemism are two cognitive processes of conceptualization, with countervalent effects (having the same base and
resources but different aims and purposes), of a certain forbidden reality.
According to Fujita in Nilwati (2012:52) there are two types of euphemism they are the positive one and the negative one. The positive one is inflate and magnify making the euphemism items seem altogether grades more important than they really are.
Examples: she is a salesmen instead of she is a shop keeper.
Negative one is deflates and diminishes.
Example: He spoke to the valor o the crippled instead of he spoke to the valor o the free from jail.
In linguistic study, Semantics is considered as a study of meaning in language. According to Chaer (2007:292) says that there are two categories of meaning they are denotative meaning and connotative.
For example is the connotation for the word snake could include evil or danger.
According to Nurlatifah (2009:22) stated that context is primarily viewed as knowledge although the key knowledge the key
part of that knowledge is knowledge of situation.
RESEARCH METHOD
In this research the researcher used basic qualitative method. In addition, Moleong (2008:11) descriptive is the collection of data form words, pictures, and not numbers. The design of this research was descriptive research. According to Donald Ary (2010:453) qualitative research is understands a phenomenon, a process, or a particular point of view from the perspective of those involve. It means that the researcher determined and elaborated the case or research problem clearly. The source of data took from internet to got transcribe which published on July 2nd -7th 2017. The researcher focused on politic news and used channel CNN with program “inside politics”.
Instrumentation was very important to obtain the result of this research. Instrument is a tool that used by researcher to gather the written data which is needed in this research.
Various methods of linguistics research but the researcher used observation method because of obtained data the researcher only observed the used of euphemism and the researcher not involved in broadcast news on program “inside politics” in CNN.
The method of analyzed the data used in this research is identity method. Identity method was researched method which its determiner device was outside of language, apart from it and not became part of the language which researched (Sudaryanto, 2015:15).
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION The researcher has done analyzed of the data that had gotten.
The data were analyzed according to Fujita in Nilawati theories that classified two types of euphemism and according to Chear theories that classified two meaning of euphemism based on the political news with the program inside politics with CNN. The researcher found all of two types and two meaning of euphemism in the political news. The researcher found 16 positive
euphemisms and 9 negative euphemism. Then, the researchher found 12 denotative meaning and 13 connotative meaning.
1. Type and Meaning of euphemism in program
“INSIDE POLITICS” on CNN NO D
Types of euphemism
Meaning of euphemism PE NE DE CO
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
10 10
11 11
12 12
13 13
14 14
15 15
16 16
17 17
18 18
19 19
20 20
21 21
22 22
23 23
24 24
25 25
No = Number D = Datum
PE = Positive Euphemism NR = Negative Euphemism DE = Denotative
CO = Connotative
Based on the classification above the researcher interpreted that
the political news with Program
“inside politics” on CNN uses all of types of euphemism based fujita in Nilwati theories. The types of euphemism were divided into two namely positive euphemism and negative euphemism. It can be categorized as positive euphemism if in Certain Situations of euphemism regarded as the right language choice and had got a positive meaning because if other people listened to the news bring social courtesy or not offended someone. It can be categorized as negative euphemism if it obscured the meaning of the news as well as able to manipulated the facts to be conveyed to the public and the listeners to understand news so raising various perspective on a phenomenon.
Meanwhile, the meaning of euphemism the researcher interpreted used Chaer (2007:292) theories.
Basedon the theory, the meaning of euphemism says that there are two categories of meaning they are denotative meaning and connotative.
Denotative meaning because the word which had delivered a literal meaning in the context of news. But
different with connotative meaning had additional meaning or not the real of meaning in a word on the context of news.
CONCLUSION
The aim of this research was identity the types and meaning of euphemism in political news with program “inside politics” on CNN.
The researcher used descriptive research as design of this researcher.
The source of data were transcribe in program inside politics on CNN, the data were euphemism statements.
Based the research find above that the researcher found 25 euphemisms included types and meaning. The types are used in the column type of euphemism is the positive and negative euphemism. In positive types are 16 euphemisms and negative types are 9 euphemisms. Meanwhile the meanings of euphemism are used in the column denotative and connotative. In denotative meaning are 12 euphemisms and connotative meaning are 13 euphemisms.
REFERENCES
Ary, Donald., Jacobs, Lucy Cheser., Razavieh, Asghar (2010) Introduction to Research in Education 8 th edition, Wardswoth Cengage Learning. Canada: Nelson Education ltd
Chaer, Abdul. 2007. Linguistic Umum. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta
Moleong, L.J. 2008. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. PT Remaja Rosakarya: Bandung.
Nilwati and Havid Ardi. 2012. Types of Euphemism Used By Male and Female Kerinciness Speaker. English Language and Literature E-Journal.
ISSN 2302-3546
Nurlatifah. 2009. A Pragmatic Approach to the Incongruity of Humor in the Dialog of Kung Fu Panda Movie Undergraduate Thesis.
Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah.
Sudaryanto. 1985. Metode dan Aneka Teknik Analisis Bahasa. Yogyakarta: Duta Wacana University
Tarigan, Hendri G. 2009.
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Bandung: Percetakan Angkasa
