However, some of the topics covered in this book chapter provide new inspiration to pursue further empirical research. It has become one of the most admired tourist destinations in Indonesia, just like Bali (Firdausi et al., 2017).
Personality Traits Theory
According to Nunkoo et al., (2010), previous studies found that gender can influence the attitudes of the host community towards tourism development. There is a significant effect between Sasak residents' attitudes towards tourism development and their support for tourism.
SURVEY INSTRUMENT & METHODOLOGY
Respondents will be asked to rate each of the six traits using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Their attitude towards the development of tourism and towards tourists will be recognized by all attributes.
THE POTENTIAL OF HEALTH TOURISM IN MALAYSIA AND INDONESIA: A
LITERATURE ANALYSIS
Apart from this, developing countries in Asia today are in the race to enhance the socio-economic development and infrastructural growth of health tourism (Sharifabadi and Ardakani, 2014). To validate each of the elements in the report, an exploratory study is recommended.
TOURIST PURCHASING SATISFACTION ON SYMBOLIC ITEMS: A CASE STUDY OF
WEST NUSA TENGGARA, INDONESIA
- INTRODUCTION
- LITERATURE REVIEW Symbolic Items
- METHODOLOGY Research Instrument
- CONCLUSION
The facilities in West Nusa Tenggara were built in accordance with the demand of the community and tourists. In light of the literature, this study focuses on the overall purchase satisfaction among tourists in West Nusa Tenggara and factor influencing the purchase decision through marketing mix on the symbolic goods.
EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF E-SPORT AS NEW NICHE MARKET IN SEA TOURISM
INDUSTRY
- DISCUSSION OF DATA AND LITERATURE REVIEW Esport is the industry that might impact the economic of scale of the
- Esport Tourist Profiling
- Esport Enthusiast is referring to the people who watch professional esports content more than once a month. According to
- Occasional Viewers is referring to the people who watch professional esport content less than once a month where total
- Esport Audience is referring to the esport enthusiast and occasional viewers combined
- Amateur competitive Gaming participants is referring to the people who participate in competitive gaming leagues at a pro
- Media Right Revenue: Esport receives its revenue through media properties and content of on a channel, revenue from online
- Merchandise and Tickets Revenue: Esport competition is also held in both channels, online and physical stadium, therefore,
- Advertising revenue: Advertisement shown during live streams on online platforms before or in between games
- Sponsorship Revenue: This can be done through product placement, sponsoring team, payment by brands for use of team,
- Game Publisher Fees: Revenue paid by game publishers to independent esports organizer for hosting events. It is also
- Esport Population in South East Asia
- Linking eSport and Tourism Industry
- Niche Market - Branding and tourism promotion can be done in a new tourist profiling. The development of new tourism product
- IMPLEMENTATION OF TOURISM FRAMEWORK IN THE EGAMES CONTEXT
- PULL FACTOR OF ESPORT TOURIST TO VISIT SOUTH EAST ASIA (MELAKA, MALAYSIA & LOMBOK, INDONESIA) AS
- PUSH FACTOR OF ESPORT TOURIST TO VISIT SOUTH EAST ASIA (MELAKA, MALAYSIA & LOMBOK, INDONESIA) AS
- FURTHER DISCUSSION
This niche market needs further exploration and investigation, especially to educate the potential in the tourism industry. Culture: Since these countries share almost common similarities, Malaysia and Indonesia's cultures can be the perfect attraction for the esports tourist to see cultural diversity in the countries. Society, security and hygiene and recreational opportunities in the natural open: These elements can influence the push factor of the tourist to visit the destinations for e-sports competition.
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF SMART TOURISM IN MALAYSIA
- LITERATURE REVIEWS
- Concept of Tourism
- Concept of Smart Tourism
- Smart Tourism in Other Countries
- Smart Tourism in Malaysia
- METHODOLOGY
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
- Tourists’ Perspective on Issues and Challenges in Smart Tourism
- CONCLUSION
Buhalis and Amaranggana (2013) define smart tourism destinations as a combination of tourism products initiated by smart cities. In Western countries, it is rare to find smart tourism serving as the main strategy of tourism development. There are many challenges that domestic and incoming tourists face in relation to the concept of smart tourism.
DESIRE FOR TRAVEL, AVOIDANCE OF RITUALITY AND SOCIAL ESTEEM: AN
EMPIRICAL STUDY OF CONSUMER RESPONSE DUE TO COVID-19
INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study
As a result of this situation, according to tourists, consumption has become the main determinant to justify and measure the attractiveness of travel destinations after the pandemic. During repeated trips, visitors are much more aware of new experiences or values. Tourists from different countries do not have the same personal motivations in terms of consumption, especially after the pandemic subsided.
Research objective
This situation has greatly affected everyone as Malaysians cannot have a normal routine of life due to the lockdown and MCO.
Problem statement
Based on Nizam, Talib, and Alwani (2020), the motivation to travel can only be related to one factor and they argue that only the pull factor is a significant factor in motivating tourists to travel. So researchers can see that the pandemic has had a major impact on the desire to travel. RQ3: How COVID-19 may affect the desire to travel among Malaysians since the spread of the pandemic.
LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction
Social esteem
- Relationship between social esteem directly influences the status consumption of tourist
So basically, researchers can see that social prestige is a necessary value to make sure that a person will have a constant desire to travel as they want to show that they are able in terms of wealth to visit new places.
Desire for experiential travel
- Relationship between desire for experiential travel directly influences the status consumption of tourists
Avoidance of rituality
- Relationship between avoidance of rituality directly influences the status consumption of tourist
The pandemic affects tourists and affects the status consumption of tourists as they have to stop traveling due to the movement restriction order in each country. Tourist status consumption acts as a motivational mechanism so that the consumer may want to buy or consume goods and services for the status they confer, regardless of the consumer's objective income or social class level. For this research, there is a relationship between ritual avoidance and tourists' status consumption, as the consumer will search for many references and information before traveling.
Creative choice counter-conformity
- Relationship between creative choice counter- conformity directly influences the status consumption of
For example, avoiding public transport is cited as one of the most commonly used preventive measures to avoid contracting an infectious disease (Cahyanto et al., 2016), as the disease can be easily transmitted when many people are together. However, the uniqueness of the destination has positive and significant influences on tourists' satisfaction and a negative and insignificant impact on tourists' loyalty (Razak Munir et al., 2018). It shows that there is a relationship between uniqueness offered and status consumption, as tourists demand the best experience when traveling.
Status Consumption
- The relationship between status consumption directly influences the affective response of tourists
An early description of creative choice counterconformity refers to tourists preferring to go to places with unique attractions because they want to express their self-identity by consuming new and exclusive tourism products (Chan et al., 2016). Therefore, from a consumption point of view, the Movement Control Order makes it impossible for Malaysians to fulfill their material needs and desire to travel. Consuming the special experience encourages adequate response from tourists as personal reward and satisfaction.
Affective Response
Travelers who plan their trip in advance should put their desire for health on hold. The severe outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has put people in dire straits and restricted all travel activities. This will lower the emotions and mood of people who support the tourism sector during the pandemic, as they can feel relaxed about the trip.
Theoretical Basis
Status consumption is a motivational process that increases an individual's position in a social hierarchy by consuming symbolically meaningful status goods. When tourism consumption behavior is considered, it is proposed that the antecedents of status consumption are social appreciation, desire for experiential travel, avoidance of rituality, and the creative choice of counterconformity. All the variables in the study were strongly related to the consumption of the status by the respondents and therefore, it came up with an affective response which is the measurement of the positive or negative desire of our target respondents.
Introduction
The population target/time frame
Sampling Technique
A total of 25 questions are developed in the measuring instrument starting from Section B to Section D.
Pilot Study
In section B, the study focuses on discovering the motivational factor that influences people to go on a trip, namely through social respect, desire for experiential travel, avoidance of ritualism, and the countercongruity factor of creative choice. Respondents will be asked to rate each of the 19 attributes using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5), five closed-ended questions, and one open-ended question.
Online Survey
Method of Analysis
Respondents
RESULTS 4.1 Introduction
Demographic Description of the Respondents
Based on 1.7963 mean reading for the second statement shows that most of the respondents strongly disagree and disagree. Then, one of the respondents strongly disagrees with the statement which brings the mean of 1.9530. In table 4.4 it is shown that the average level of avoidance of rituality of the respondent is 2.4099 and most of the respondents agree and natural with the statement.
Level of creative choice counter – conformity of respondent The mean for the first question in this section is 2.3185 and first ranked
Level of desire for experiential travel of respondent
2 I enjoy many different important tourism experiences and products in my life even after the spread of the Coronavirus. It seems that 33.2% of respondents would pay more for tourism products or services if it represents social status after the end of this pandemic and 66.8% of respondents would not agree with it. With an average value of 2.7311, respondents are more neutral and agree to choose tourist products that appeal more to the snobbish side.
Level of affective response of the respondent
- Social esteem and status consumption
- Avoidance of rituality and status consumption
- Creative choice counter-conformity and status consumption
The level of social esteem and status consumption of our respondents to the five attributes that researchers have previously mentioned. As shown in the above table, the results of the correlation test between the desire for experiential travel directly affect the consumption of tourists status is accepted as the significant level is found positive which is 0.527** and significant at P=0.00. The positive relationship occurred when the relationship between status consumption and affective response in which the two variables move together.
CONCLUSION 5.1 Introduction
The results indicate that desire for experiential travel, creative choice mismatch creates a direct and significant influence on the status consumption of tourists. On the contrary, both social esteem and avoidance of rituality relationship with status consumption show insignificant influence. The study indicates that the best indicator of status consumption is personal tourism consumption preference regarding obtaining extended travel experience during travel.
Directions for future research
Thanks to the pandemic problem that arose; there is a lot of knowledge to prevent that ritual and keep us safe and happy. An application of 'push and pull'. domestic travel motivation model among young Malaysian adults: Post Covid-19. PDF) The Effects of Tourism Products, Service Quality and Destination Uniqueness on Tourist Satisfaction and Loyalty in South Sulawesi.
THE IMPACT OF WORK STRESS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE
TOURISM INDUSTRY
- LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Job Stress
- The impact of stress on employee performance
- CONCEPTUAL STUDY
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Positive and Negative Impacts
- Future Research
Thus, this study will summarize the literature on work stress and its impact on employee performance in the tourism industry. Thus, the indicators used in this study to assess employee performance in government agencies differ from industry measurements. At low or moderate workloads, as in Azizah's (2007) research, there appears to be a positive relationship with employee performance.
EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP) OF OPEN MARKET DURING
PANDEMIC COVID-19
LITERATURE REVIEW
Since the virus can easily be transmitted through the air, a strict measure must be taken to reduce the risk of transmission. Therefore, the World Health Organization has come out with the set of SOPs that emphasize a new norm of wearing a mask, social distancing of one meter, including a strict hygiene practice (wash hands regularly and disinfect) that the world must adhere to. During this pandemic COVID 19 Standard Operating Procedure has been crucial in every industry as we require precautions and extra measures to reduce the risk of the virus transmission even through practices in our daily life.
Marketplace
- Choice of Location
- Stalls’ position
- Stalls’ structure canopy
- Customer entry control
- Control of operating compliance by seller
- Action by a licensee
- Selling concept
As a State in Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), the area has to be controlled by RELA and PBT in bazaaria/morning/night market. H6: There is a significant relationship between salesperson compliance control and customer emotional experience. Action by the licensee is one of the standard operating procedures (SOPs) to be followed by the open market seller.
Emotional experience
In this study, we observe the relationship between licensee action and customers' emotional experience. We want to see if the seller's action by the licensee following the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) will affect the customer's emotional experience. When the customer has visited the open market during the Covid-19 pandemic, only they can decide whether to receive the emotional experience or not.
Customer satisfaction
The emotional experience of the consumer is therefore defined as the different forms of emotions, such as anticipation, happiness, contentment, contentment, concern, annoyance or anger (Lee, 2005). This research established a conceptual framework to demonstrate the emotional experience and customer satisfaction versus standard operating procedure of open market during pandemic Covid-19. Studies show that there are 8 components that contribute to the emotional experience of the customer.
The population and sample
Customer satisfaction can be characterized by the fact that a post achieves an evaluative opinion with reference to the purchase decision.
Data collection and instruments
While section B consisted of 8 segments of Standard Operating Procedure: activity and protocol for the open market operations. Section C consists of a Likert scale questions to measure the emotional experience as well as section D for customer satisfaction. For both emotional experience and tourist satisfaction related to their visit to the open market, visitors were instructed to express their point of view based on their observation of each Standard Operating Procedure.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Reliability test
Respondents were selected from those who visited the open market after the operation was allowed by the government during pandemic COVID 19.
Demographic Profile of Respondent
Therefore, it was concluded that there was a significant correlation between customer input control and customer emotional experience. Therefore, it was concluded that there was a significant correlation between selling concepts and the customer's emotional experience. Therefore, it was concluded that there was a significant correlation between customer emotional experiences and customer satisfaction.
