THE REPRESENTATION OF RADICAL FEMINIST TRAITS IN THE CHARACTERIZATION OF MULAN
IN DISNEY’S 2020 LIVE-ACTION MULAN
SKRIPSI Diajukan kepada
Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha
Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Persaratan dalam Menyelesaikan Program Sarjana Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris
Oleh
Made Ayu Wiranti 1812021117
PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS JURUSAN BAHASA ASING
FAKULTAS BAHASA DAN SENI UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN GANESHA
SINGARAJA 2022
MOTTO:
“EVERYTHING WILL BE OKAY IN THE END.
IF IT’S NOT OKAY, IT’S NOT THE END.”
John Lennon (1940 – 1980)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to express my sincere thankfulness to God for giving me the health, power, and blessings I needed to complete my thesis. Furthermore, without the assistance of others, I would not have been able to complete this thesis. Thus, with deep sincerity, I would like to offer my sincere gratitude to:
1. Dr. Ni Komang Arie Suwastini, S. Pd., M. Hum., as the first supervisor.
Thank you for your willingness to become a supervisor when I was confused about finding umbrella research related to literature. Thank you for all the time and energy you have put into guiding and providing feedback during the preparation of this thesis from the beginning until the end. Thank you for your motivation and patience in guiding me to complete this thesis. Your help contributes greatly in improving my writing skills and encourages me to keep doing my best.
2. Ida Ayu Made Istri Utami, S.Pd., M.Hum, as the second supervisor.
Thank you for the support, motivation, and feedback you have given during the process of writing this thesis. Thank you for your time and patience while guiding me. Your support gives me encouragement to keep doing my best.
3. All of lectures in English Language Education who have given me valuable knowledge, advice, input, advice, and experience to improve myself to be a better human being.
4. My parents, Nyoman Muliasi as my best mother and support system who always encourage and understand me. My late father Ketut Bimbo who had always supported, accompanied, and motivated me, even when
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he was struggling with his diabetes until the end of his life. My beloved sisters and brother who have always been reliable mood boosters and supporters.
5. My friends, Diah, Rossi, and Rosa thank you for always being there in every situation. Thank you for supporting and accompanying me until this moment and being the best support system. Thank you for being willing to exchange ideas and share some references in the process of completing this thesis.
6. The Beatles and Queen, thank you for the beautiful and amazing songs you have created. Thank you because your songs give me strength and always accompany me when finishing this thesis.
I would also like to express my deepest gratitude to other people whose names I cannot mention one by one. I feel grateful to live in a supportive environment. May God bless you all with health and happiness.
Singaraja, 09 Juli 2022
Made Ayu Wiranti
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TABLE OF CONTENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...i
ABSTRACT ...iii
TABLE OF CONTENT ... v
LIST OF TABLES ... viii
LIST OF FIGURES ... ix
CHAPTER I... 1
INTRODUCTION ... 1
1.1 Research Background ... 1
1.2 Problem Identification... 7
1.3 Scope of the Study ... 7
1.4 Statements of Research Questions ... 8
1.5 Purpose of the Study... 8
1.6 Definition of Key Terms ... 8
1.6.1 Radical Feminism ... 8
1.6.2 Character & Characterization ... 9
1.6.3 Film ... 9
1.7 Significances of the Study ... 9
1.7.1 Theoretical Significance ... 9
1.7.2 Practical Significance ... 10
CHAPTER II ... 12
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ... 12
2.1 Theoretical Review ... 12
2.1.1 Film and Its Elements ... 12
2.1.2 Disney ... 18
2.1.3 Feminism ... 20
2.1.4 Radical Feminism ... 22
2.2 Empirical Review ... 26
2.3 Research Model ... 30
CHAPTER III... 33
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 33
3.1 Subject of the Study... 33
3.2 Object of the Study ... 33
3.3 Research Design ... 33
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3.4 Technique of Data Collection ... 34
3.5 Instrument of Data Collection ... 34
3.6 Data Analysis... 36
3.7 Research Procedure... 38
3.8 Research Trustworthiness ... 40
3.9 Research Schedule ... 41
CHAPTER IV ... 42
FINDING AND DISCUSSION ... 42
4.1 Finding and Discussion ... 42
4.1.1 Characterizations of Mulan... 42
4.1.1.1 Mulan as Physically Strong Individual ... 44
4.1.1.2 Mulan as a Wild Woman ... 64
4.1.1.3 Mulan as a Loyal Soldier ... 80
4.1.1.4 Mulan as an Assertive Soldier ... 85
4.1.1.5 Mulan as a Discipline Soldier... 89
4.1.1.6 Mulan as a Courageous Leader ... 94
4.1.1.7 Mulan as a Honest Woman ... 115
4.1.1.8 Mulan as a Kind Woman ... 118
4.1.1.9 Mulan as an Intelligent Woman ... 133
4.1.1.10 Mulan as a Spiritual Individual ... 151
4.1.2 The Representation of Radical Feminist Traits in Mulan's Characterizations ... 155
4.1.2.1 Mulan’s Radical Feminist Traits as a Reliable Reformer... 156
4.1.2.2 Mulan’s Feminist Traits as a Creative Revolutionist ... 194
4.1.2.3 Mulan’s Feminist Traits as an Intelligent Individual ... 204
4.1.2.4 Mulan’s Feminist Traits as a Mannish Woman ... 212
4.1.2.5 Mulan’s Feminist Traits as a Guerrilla Fighter ... 229
4.2 Research Implication ... 249
4.2.1 Implication for Students... 249
4.2.2 Implication for Teachers ... 251
4.2.3 Implication for Parents ... 252
4.2.4 Implication for Society ... 253
4.2.5 Implication for Other Researchers ... 253
CHAPTER V ... 254
CONCLUSION ... 254
5.1 Summary ... 254
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5.2 Conclusion ... 255
5.3 Suggestion ... 257
REFERENCES ... 259
APPENDICES ... 268
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 3. 1 Sequence Segmentation of Mulan (2020) ...35
Table 3. 2 Tabulation of Hua Mulan’s Characterizations ...36
Table 3. 3 Tabulation of Feminist Traits of Hua Mulan ...36
Table 3. 4 Research Schedule ...41
Table 4. 1 The Characterizations of Mulan ... 43
Table 4. 2 Sequences of Mulan’s Strong Characterization ... 45
Table 4. 3 Sequences of Mulan’s Agile Characterization ... 52
Table 4. 4 Sequences of Mulan’s Athletic Characterization... 57
Table 4. 5 Sequences of Mulan’s Rebellious Characterization ... 64
Table 4. 6 Sequences of Mulan’s Reckless Characterization ... 69
Table 4. 7 Sequences of Mulan’s Troublesome Characterization ... 73
Table 4. 8 Sequences of Mulan’s Boyish Characterization ... 77
Table 4. 9 Sequences of Mulan’s Loyal Characterization ... 81
Table 4. 10 Sequences of Mulan’s Assertive Characterization ... 85
Table 4. 11 Sequences of Mulan’s Discipline Characterization... 90
Table 4. 12 Sequences of Mulan’s Brave Characterization ... 95
Table 4. 13 Sequences of Mulan’s Persistent Characterization ... 102
Table 4. 14 Sequences of Mulan’s Responsible Characterization ... 106
Table 4. 15 Sequences of Mulan’s Protective Characterization ... 111
Table 4. 16 Sequences of Mulan’s Honest Characterization ... 115
Table 4. 17 Sequences of Mulan’s Affectionate Characterization ... 118
Table 4. 18 Sequences of Mulan’s Helpful Characterization ... 122
Table 4. 19 Sequences of Mulan’s Caring Characterization... 126
Table 4. 20 Sequences of Mulan’s Soft-hearted Characterization... 130
Table 4. 21 Sequences of Mulan’s Independent Characterization... 134
Table 4. 22 Sequences of Mulan’s Creative Characterization ... 140
Table 4. 23 Sequences of Mulan’s Clever Characterization ... 144
Table 4. 24 Sequences of Mulan’s Wise Characterization ... 147
Table 4. 25 Sequences of Mulan’s Religious Characterization... 151
Table 4. 26 Radical Feminist Traits of Mulan ... 155
Table 4. 27 Sequences of Mulan’s Characterization as an Independent Radical Feminist ... 158
Table 4. 28 Sequences of Mulan’s Characterization as a Protective Radical Feminist .. 167
Table 4. 29 Sequences of Mulan’s Characterization as a Responsible Radical Feminist 177 Table 4. 30 Sequences of Mulan’s Characterization as an Assertive Radical Feminist.. 187
Table 4. 31 Sequences of Mulan’s Characterization as a Creative Radical Feminist ... 195
Table 4. 32 Sequences of Mulan’s Characterization as a Clever Radical Feminist... 205
Table 4. 33 Sequences of Mulan’s Characterization as a Boyish Radical Feminist ... 213
Table 4. 34 Sequences of Mulan’s Characterization as an Athletic Radical Feminist.... 220
Table 4. 35 Sequences of Mulan’s Characterization as a Brave Radical Feminist... 231
Table 4. 36 Sequences of Mulan’s Characterization as a Strong Radical Feminist... 240
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Components of Data Analysis : Interactive Model...31
Figure 3.1 Flowchart of Research Procedures ...39
Figure 4. 1 Mulan tried to carry 2 buckets of water up the hill in sequence 8d ...46
Figure 4. 2 Mulan's relieved when she succeeded carrying 2 big buckets of water up the hill in sequence 8d ...47
Figure 4. 3 Mulan's struggle against the witch Xianniang in sequence 11a ...48
Figure 4. 4 The rise of Mulan in sequence 11a ...49
Figure 4. 5 Mulan's struggle against Bori Khan in sequence 13l ...50
Figure 4. 6 Mulan was able to kill Bori Khan in sequence 13l ...51
Figure 4. 7 Mulan's quick running in chasing the chicken in sequence 2i ...53
Figure 4. 8 Mulan's quick movement landed safely in sequence 2i ...54
Figure 4. 9 Mulan focused her gaze on the flew teapot and cups quickly in sequence 5l ...55
Figure 4. 10 Mulan focused her gaze to hold teapot and cups quickly in sequence 5l...56
Figure 4. 11 Mulan's quick movement in raising her hand in sequence to become a volunteer in sequence 7h ...57
Figure 4. 12 Mulan's struggle to practice martial arts in sequence 8h ...59
Figure 4. 13 Mulan took off her armor on top of her horse in sequence 11c ...60
Figure 4. 14 Mulan's action against the spear on the horse in sequence 11c ...61
Figure 4. 15 Mulan's action against Bori Khan in sequence 13o ...62
Figure 4. 16 Mulan kicked an arrow into Bori Khan's chest in sequence 13o ...63
Figure 4. 17 Mulan kept running without listening to her mother's advice in sequence 2f ...66
Figure 4. 18 Mulan stole her father’s sword and armor in sequence 6g ...67
Figure 4. 19 Mulan met Commander Tung again in sequence 12f ...68
Figure 4. 20 Mulan dropped a villager's offering fruits in sequence 2c ...70
Figure 4. 21 Mulan broke one wing of the Phoenix statue in sequence 2d...71
Figure 4. 22 Mulan lost her balance and broke the teapot in sequence 5m ...72
Figure 4. 23 Mulan almost hit a woman and made the baby cry in sequence 2c ...74
Figure 4. 24 Mulan changed the position of the teapot in sequence 5i ...75
Figure 4. 25 Mulan used to make her parents were worried in sequence 6j ...76
Figure 4. 26 Mulan rode her horse to chase the rabbits in sequence 5a ...78
Figure 4. 27 Mulan disguised herself as a man in sequence 6h ...79
Figure 4. 28 Mulan and friends were practicing archery skill in sequence 8c ...80
Figure 4. 29 Mulan was convincing and strengthening her friends in sequence 9f ...82
Figure 4. 30 Mulan's sacrifice through the snow to find Honghui in sequence 11l ...83
Figure 4. 31 Mulan gave information about Bori Khan's attack strategy to Commander Tung in sequence 12f...84
Figure 4. 32 Mulan's determination to admit her identity as Hua Jun in sequence 10c ...86
Figure 4. 33 Mulan's assertiveness refused Xianniang's offer in sequence 12e ...87
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Figure 4. 34 Mulan's firmness in stating that she wanted to return to her family in
sequence 14c ...88
Figure 4. 35 Mulan's discipline followed the training rules at the training ground in...90
Figure 4. 36 Mulan's discipline in fulfilling the call and listening to Commander Tung's instructions in sequence 8n...92
Figure 4. 37 Mulan's discipline in maintaining the rules as an imperial army to be loyal to the imperial side in sequence 12e...93
Figure 4. 38 Mulan decided to replace her father's place as an imperial army in sequence 6h ...96
Figure 4. 39 Mulan left her family in sequence 6h ...97
Figure 4. 40 Mulan was shocked to see her friends topless in sequence 7g ...98
Figure 4. 41 Mulan untied her chest in sequence 7g ...99
Figure 4. 42 Mulan's courage surrounded the Rouran people in sequence 9h ...100
Figure 4. 43 Mulan's bravery in meeting Commander Tung in sequence 12f ...101
Figure 4. 44 Mulan argued with Hua Zhou in sequence 6a ...103
Figure 4. 45 Mulan's hard work to practice at the training ground in sequence 8b ...104
Figure 4. 46 Hua Mulan insisted on claiming to be Hua Jun to Xianniang in sequence 10h ...105
Figure 4. 47 Mulan tried to calm her friends in sequence 9f ...107
Figure 4. 48 The returned of Mulan against the Rouran people in sequence 11d108 Figure 4. 49 Mulan saved Honghui in sequence 11l ...109
Figure 4. 50 Mulan led the imperial army to the imperial city in sequence 12j ..110
Figure 4. 51 Mulan's sacrifice took her father's place for war in sequence 6h ....112
Figure 4. 52 Mulan pulled Honghui's hand which was dragged by the snow in sequence 11l ...113
Figure 4. 53 Mulan refused Xianniang’s offer in sequence 12e ...114
Figure 4. 54 Mulan revealed her true identity in sequence 11n ...116
Figure 4. 55 Mulan's confession for stealing Hua Zhou's things in sequence 15d ...117
Figure 4. 56 Mulan combed her sister's hair in sequence 3a...119
Figure 4. 57 Mulan was held by her mother to not help her father in sequence 5r ...120
Figure 4. 58 Mulan released her longing by hugging Hua Zhou in sequence 15e ...121
Figure 4. 59 Mulan covered the spider that her sister afraid of in sequence 5i....123
Figure 4. 60 Mulan helped the imperial army in sequence 11h ...124
Figure 4. 61 Mulan helped Xianniang to get back on the right path in sequence 13g ...125
Figure 4. 62 Mulan’s action in helping her father in sequence 5r...127
Figure 4. 63 Mulan replaced Hua Zhou as the imperial army in sequence 6h ...128
Figure 4. 64 Mulan tried to reach Honghui’s hand in sequence 11l ...129
Figure 4. 65 Mulan's sadness at letting her father go in sequence 6d ...131
Figure 4. 66 Mulan sobbed after being expelled by Commander Tung in sequence 12a ...132
Figure 4. 67 Mulan apologized to her father in sequence 15d ...133
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Figure 4. 68 Mulan sharpened her "Chi" power in the middle of the rice fields in sequence 1b ...135 Figure 4. 69 Mulan’s journey went to the training ground in sequence 6k...136 Figure 4. 70 Mulan rested in the middle of her journey in sequence 6k ...137 Figure 4. 71 Mulan's annoyance by brushing off Honghui's hand and tried to stand by herself in sequence 7d ...138 Figure 4. 72 Mulan besieged a part of the Rouran army by herself in sequence 9h ...139 Figure 4. 73 Mulan's creativity covered the spider with the teapot in sequence 5i ...140 Figure 4. 74 Mulan's idea opened the cover on her chest while all her friends were sleeping in sequence 7i...141 Figure 4. 75 Mulan summoned her horse and climbed up the mountain to trick the Rouran people in sequence 11h...142 Figure 4. 76 Mulan hid behind a rock to trick the Rouran people in sequence 11h ...143 Figure 4. 77 Mulan's happiness in telling her family that she could distinguish the gender of 2 rabbits in sequence 5b ...145 Figure 4. 78 Mulan showed her skill in pouring tea in sequence 5g ...146 Figure 4. 79 Mulan introduced her fake name as Hua Jun in sequence 7f...147 Figure 4. 80 Mulan's policy in making the decision to accept the matchmaking in sequence 5d ...148 Figure 4. 81 Mulan turned down Xianniang's offer to join her in sequence 12e .149 Figure 4. 82 Mulan's wisdom convinced Xianniang to return to the right path in sequence 13g ...150 Figure 4. 83 Mulan was worshiping her ancestors before going to replace her father in sequence 6i...152 Figure 4. 84 Mulan saw a Phoenix nearby in sequence 13n ...153 Figure 4. 85 Mulan saw a Phoenix above her from the sword in sequence 15j ...154 Figure 4. 86 Mulan trained her “Chi” in the middle of the rice field by herself in sequence 1b ...159 Figure 4. 87 Mulan changed her appearance disguised as a male imperial army in sequence 6k ...161 Figure 4. 88 Mulan took care of herself alone in the middle of her journey in sequence 6k ...162 Figure 4. 89 Mulan was in the line of male imperial army's candidates in sequence 7d ...163 Figure 4. 90 Mulan's independence to get up on her own and about to ward off Honghui's hand in sequence 7d ...164 Figure 4. 91 The siege of the Rouran people by Mulan as a part of the left flank in sequence 9h ...165 Figure 4. 92 Mulan's independence in partially besieging the Rouran people by herself in sequence 9h ...166 Figure 4. 93 Mulan tried to cancel her father's plan to join the war in sequence 6h ...169 Figure 4. 94 Mulan's disguise as a man to save her father in sequence 6h ...170 Figure 4. 95 Mulan's action in heading to the top of the mountain to save the imperial army from the fireball attack in sequence 11h ...171
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Figure 4. 96 Mulan's attempt to reverse the direction of the Rouran people's
fireball up the mountain in sequence 11h...172
Figure 4. 97 The rescue of cricket in sequence 11l ...173
Figure 4. 98 Mulan's action in saving Honghui in sequence 11l ...174
Figure 4. 99 Mulan sobbed on the mountain in sequence 12e ...175
Figure 4. 100 Mulan's action in refusing Xianniang’s offer and protecting her dynasty in sequence 12e ...176
Figure 4. 101 Mulan's regret for breaking a wing of the Phoenix statue ...179
Figure 4. 102 Mulan fixed a wing of Phoenix statue that she broke in sequence 3d ...180
Figure 4. 103 Mulan's action to get up before returning to the battlefield ...181
Figure 4. 104 The returned of Mulan to the battlefield in sequence 11d ...182
Figure 4. 105 Mulan's struggle to save Honghui's life in sequence 11l ...183
Figure 4. 106 Mulan's action to meet Commander Tung due to the dangerous attack at the Imperial City in sequence 12j ...184
Figure 4. 107 Mulan's actions in leading the imperial army to imperial city in sequence 12j ...185
Figure 4. 108 The loss of Mulan in the valley accompanied by the arrival of Xianniang in sequence 11c...188
Figure 4. 109 Mulan's assertiveness in confessing herself as Hua Jun to Xianniang in sequence 10c ...189
Figure 4. 110 Mulan's regret for lying about her true identity in sequence 12e ..190
Figure 4. 111 Mulan's assertiveness in refusing Xianniang’s offer in sequence 12e ...191
Figure 4. 112 Mulan's encounter with the emperor after the victory in sequence 14c ...192
Figure 4. 113 Mulan's assertiveness in admitting that she wanted to go back to her family in sequence 12e ...193
Figure 4. 114 The compliments of Madam Matchmaker to Mulan because of her good character in sequence 5i ...196
Figure 4. 115 The dangled spider in front of Mulan's sister's eyes in sequence 5i ...197
Figure 4. 116 Mulan's creativity used a teapot to cover a spider in sequence 5i .198 Figure 4. 117 The changes of Mulan's physical appearance to a man in sequence 7i...199
Figure 4. 118 Mulan's creativity in covering her chest with a cloth in sequence 7i ...200
Figure 4. 119 Mulan's creativity in devising a plan to thwart Rouran's actions by summoning her horse in sequence 11h ...201
Figure 4. 120 Mulan's action in taking the head of the armor to trick the Rouran people in sequence 11h ...202
Figure 4. 121 Mulan's creativity in tricking Rouran people who was about attacking the imperial army in sequence 11h ...203
Figure 4. 122 Mulan's skills match the horse's speed with the rabbit that she chased in sequence 5b ...206
Figure 4. 123 Mulan told her family that she could distinguish the gender of the rabbits in sequence 5b ...207
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Figure 4. 124 Mulan's cleverness in adapting when she dressed by her mother in
sequence 5g ...208
Figure 4. 125 Mulan's cleverness in showing the skill of pouring tea in sequence 5g ...209
Figure 4. 126 Mulan's first arrival at the training ground in sequence 7f ...210
Figure 4. 127 Mulan's cleverness in hiding her true identity in sequence 7f ...211
Figure 4. 128 Mulan's action in riding her horse while chasing the rabbits in sequence 5a ...215
Figure 4. 129 Mulan changed her physical appearance as a man in sequence in sequence 6h ...216
Figure 4. 130 Mulan’s action in training her archery skill in sequence 8c ...218
Figure 4. 131 Mulan's seriousness when practicing archery in sequence 8c ...219
Figure 4. 132 Mulan's action in playing the spear in sequence 8h...221
Figure 4. 133 Mulan's action in kicking the spear towards Honghui in sequence 8h ...222
Figure 4. 134 The release of armor by Mulan on her horse in sequence 11c ...224
Figure 4. 135 Mulan's action in kicking the spear towards Rouran people in sequence 11c ...225
Figure 4. 136 Mulan's action in jumping on the roof tiles to save the emperor in sequence 13o ...226
Figure 4. 137 Mulan's action in running to catch Xianniang who was shot by Bori Khan in sequence 13o ...227
Figure 4. 138 Mulan's athleticism against Bori Khan in the unfinished imperial building in sequence 13o ...228
Figure 4. 139 Mulan's action in kicking an arrow towards Bori Khan in sequence 13o ...229
Figure 4. 140 Mulan's braveness in stealing her father's sword before heading to the training ground in sequence 6h ...232
Figure 4. 141 Mulan's braveness to disguise herself as a man in sequence 6h ....233
Figure 4. 142 Mulan's braveness when she first entered the training ground in sequence 7g ...234
Figure 4. 143 Mulan's bravery in adapting to her environment in sequence 7g ..235
Figure 4. 144 Mulan's braveness as part of left flank in chasing Rouran people in sequence 9h ...236
Figure 4. 145 Mulan's bravery in besieging the Rouran people in sequence 9h ..237
Figure 4. 146 The departure of Mulan in finding Commander Tung and the imperial army in sequence 12f ...238
Figure 4. 147 Mulan's bravery in appearing before Commander Tung in sequence 12f ...239
Figure 4. 148 Mulan's strength in lifting 2 buckets of water up a hill in sequence 8d ...242
Figure 4. 149 Mulan's strength in kicking Honghui in sequence 8h ...243
Figure 4. 150 Mulan's strength against Xianniang in sequence 11a ...245
Figure 4. 151 Mulan's strength to raise back after being stabbed in sequence 11a ...246
Figure 4. 152 Mulan's strength in following Xianniang to save the emperor in sequence 13l ...247
Figure 4. 153 Mulan's strength in killing Bori Khan in sequence 13l...248
