1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the background of the study, research questions, purposes of the study, the significance of the study, and the scope of the study.
1.1 Background of the Study
Code-mixing often occurs in certain areas, where people from different origins and possess various languages live together and share a common communication style to convey any messages. In Indonesia, the phenomenon of code-mixing occurs in multiple areas whereby people demand an easy way to convey the point of the conversation. This phenomenon also takes place in Dusun Balitung, involving the use of Balinese and Malay Belitong languages.
Dusun Balitung is one of the places located on the Belitung Island, near the Sumatera Island. In 1990, the government arranged a transmigration program for all people who wanted to move from their original places to other areas in Indonesia. This program was aimed to increase their economic well-being, and in this case, the program was applied to Balinese people. Subsequently, Balinese people who originated in Bali moved to Belitung Island as the realization of the transmigration program. People who live in Dusun Balitung came from many areas in Bali, such as Badung, Tabanan, Jembrana, Buleleng, Karangasem, and mostly from Nusa Penida. Since then, the increasing population of Balinese people who came to Belitung Island agreed to establish a new village, namely Dusun Balitung. According to Buku Induk Penduduk Pelepak Pute Village, since 2022 the population of Balinese people in Dusun
Balitung are 733 people from 219 family heads. Of those total, they consist of 343 female and 390 male people.
Regarding the code-mixing phenomenon, the inhabitants in Dusun Balitung mix both Balinese and Malay Belitong languages. Based on the preliminary observation, the goal is to facilitate them in delivering any conversation topic.
The Balinese youth mostly do the code-mixing even in an unconscious way. In various attempts, normally, code-mixing is acceptable, especially in an informal situation. However, in legal or formal cases, the mixed language is denied. They usually mix Balinese and Malay Belitong language by adding some Malay Belitong words in Balinese utterances or vice versa. For instances:
(1) Binjep mikak kal kije?
“Where will you go?’
The utterance in example (1) suggests the ordinary code-mixing of Balinese and Malay Belitong language. The noun mikak is Malay Belitong means “you”.
Meanwhile, the rest words are Balinese such as binjep “later”, kal “will”, and kije “where”. The speaker intentionally inserted Malay Belitong words in the sequence of Balinese utterances.
(2) Kamek nak melampun di kantin, ci kal milu?
“We want to have breakfast at the canteen, would you like to join?”
Conversely, example (2) describes that the Balinese language is added to the sequence of Malay Belitong utterances. The bold phrase ci kal milu?
“Would you like to join?” is purposefully used to deliver the invitation among
Balinese people. Those two examples indicate that there are no rules in using the mixing of Balinese and Malay Belitong language. People use code-mixing in random manners, but since people use one mixed-language utterance repeatedly, others agree to use that utterance for communication.
Regarding the issues stated above, this study is necessary to look at the code- mixing phenomenon in several language domains, such as family, neighbourhood, and friendship, in Dusun Balitung. In detail, this study accounts for the expansion of sociolinguistics in terms of code-mixing under the theory of code-mixing proposed by Hudson (1996:53). Code-mixing generally can be defined as a language style that is used by a bilingual person to a person that has similar competence by mixing two languages that they used to talk (Hudson, 1996:53). Several previous studies that related with this study such as code-mixing in Atta Halilintar’s YouTube video by Sukrisna (2019).
Code-mixing that found in two selected videos by Nessie Judge by Pello (2019). Code-mixing used by teacher at SMA N 5 Pinrang by Salmawati (2020). Code-mixing founded in the Music Breakout program on Net TV used by Boy William and Sheila Dara Aisha by Hutriani (2020). Code-mixing on the album Yong Sagita song by Rai et al (2016). This is arguable as a primary code-mixing study in Belitung since a similar study has not been conducted by any researchers yet, specifically in the area of Balinese and Malay Belitong language.
1.2 Identification of The Problem
Based on the preliminary observation, there are code-mixing phenomenon in Dusun Balitung used by the Balinese people there. They transmigrated from Bali in 1990. After about 32 years live in this place, the people mix between Balinese and Malay Belitong language. The study about code-mixing between Balinese and Malay Belitong language is still very limited or even this is the first time this topic is conducted. Therefore, it can be said that the gap of this study was the language which is between Balinese and Malay Belitong language. The subject was the Balinese people in Dusun Balitung, and the setting was in Dusun Balitung.
1.3 Research Questions
There are many types and reasons that cause the code-mixing, and the appearance in each case are different, therefore, this research was carried out to answer the following questions:
1. What types of code-mixing are used by Balinese people in Dusun Balitung?
2. What are the reasons of Balinese people in Dusun Balitung use the code- mixing?
These two research questions were analysed based on the theory of code mixing proposed by Hudson (1996:53) as well the supplementary theories by Muysken (2000:60-122) regarding the types of code-mixing. Besides, to analyse the reasons why people in Dusun Balitung use the code-mixing, the implemented theory was based on Hoffman (1991:116).
1.4 Purposes of the Study
This study was conducted to investigate the types of code-mixing used by Balinese people in Dusun Balitung. Subsequently, this study analyzed the reasons why people in Dusun Balitung use the code-mixing. To attain these objectives, there were some theories used, such as code-mixing proposed by Hudson (1996:53) supported by theories of types of code-mixing by Muysken (2000:60-122), as well as the theories of the reasons of code-mixing by Hoffman (1991:116).
1.5 Significance of the Study
There are two kinds of significances in this study namely theoretical and practical significance.
1. Theoretical Significance
This study was expected to give the reader some useful information about sociolinguistics, especially in code-mixing. This study is also containing some related theories about code-mixing.
2. Practical Significance
• For English Teacher
The teachers can use this study as a new knowledge about code-mixing. They can teach their student about the phenomenon that usually occur in the daily live, but the students probably didn’t realize that they use the code-mixing
• For Students
The students can know the name of the phenomenon that they often use in their daily live. Also give additional information about code-mixing to the students.
• For Other Researchers
It can be a reference for other researchers working in the field of sociolinguistics. Thereof, hopefully the result of this study could give additional information about types and reasons of code-mixing which happened in Dusun Balitung, in the area of sociolinguistics.
1.6 Scope of the Study
Analysing all aspects of code-mixing were beyond the scope of this study.
Therefore, this study was restricted to the analysis of the reasons that motivated Balinese people in Dusun Balitung to use the code-mixing, and investigate the types. All the studies were conducted using the theory of code-mixing proposed by Hudson (1996:53) and the supplementary theories by Muysken (2000:60- 122) regarding the types of code-mixing. Besides, to analyse the reason motivated Balinese in Dusun Balitung use code-mixing, the implemented idea was based on Hoffman (1991:116).
