This research aims to analyze the types and meanings of metaphor in homoerotic poems of Abu Nawas. As a result of the analysis of this research, the researcher finds 16 instances of metaphor in the poems. The result of the research shows that in the Homoerotic Poems of Abu Nawas is dominated by the anthropomorphic metaphor type.
Oleh karena itu, metafora dalam puisi homoerotik Abu Nawas secara umum menunjukkan interaksi seksual, cinta, dan kesopanan seorang laki-laki yang lebih berharga dari perempuan. Puisi-puisi homoerotik karya Abu Nawas umumnya mengungkapkan homoseksualitas, interaksi cinta dan kontroversial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis jenis dan makna metafora dalam puisi homoerotik Abu Nawas.
Oleh karena itu, metafora dalam puisi homoerotik Abu Nawas secara umum menunjukkan interaksi seksual, cinta dan laki-laki lebih berharga dibandingkan perempuan. Alhamdulillahi robbil Aalamiin, puji syukur panjatkan selalu kehadirat Allah Rabb Semesta Alam yang telah melimpahkan nikmat, rahmat dan hidayahnya kepada saya sehingga dapat menyelesaikan penelitian yang berjudul Kegunaan dan Makna Metafora dalam Syair Homoerotik Abu Nawas. Penelitian ini sebagai pemenuhan sebagian syarat untuk memperoleh gelar sarjana, tidak mungkin terlaksana tanpa adanya pihak-pihak yang telah membantu dan mendukung saya.
Because of this, I really hope and allow all readers to give any suggestions to improve this research.
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION
Background of Study
Understanding the meaning of the work requires an understanding of what is written, as literary works basically use language that is not as common as it should be. Without the ability to express meaning, language loses one of its essential aspects (Riemer, 2010: 21). We must know that every literary material has content and form, people do not know the means of material without explanation. The researcher chooses a poem as the subject of analysis because it has a deep meaning in it.
Hidden messages are of course important to know, so the researcher wants to show through words. Analyzing the metaphors makes people immediately understand the poetry's real meaning for each word. In addition, the researcher also worries about using multistyles in literary works, which is suggested about the use of metaphor.
The meaning of what Simpson said above is that by studying stylistics directly, we will go into exploring a language for our understanding of a literary work. The researcher therefore takes Abu Nawas's poems as the subject of the analysis for some reasons. In this research, the researcher takes the homoerotic theme to be analyzed, the researcher takes the theme of selected poem of Abu Nawas to know all meanings of metaphors.
There are eight poems in the living room, but the researcher takes six poems with him to analyze. Literal meaning is the lexical meaning of the word while the metaphorical meaning arises from the author's mind based on the text, context and overall content of the poem. According to Cambridge Learner's Dictionary, the literal meaning of Fallen for is to suddenly have strong, romantic feelings about someone (2007: 3rd edition).
Whereas the metaphorical meaning of this lyric means‖ the love that the author has associated with the idol of romantic. This research focuses on utilization and meaning of the metaphor in the poem proposed by Stephen Ullmann's theory adapted by Sumarsono. The researcher hopes throughout this research can help readers in research related to metaphor.
Research Questions
The writer of poems does not convey the message directly, therefore the research in the poems about metaphor is important.
Objectives of Study
Significances of Study
The last one is for the next researcher, as reference material for researchers who want to research topics relevant to this research.
Literature Review
The purpose of this article is to analyze the procedure of translating the metaphor into the novel using types of analysis metaphors. In this research, the author discusses the metaphor of expression in the traditions of the Prophet Muhammad. The author tries to find the metaphor of expression for the traditional collection of stories relating the words or deeds of the Prophet Muhammad, determined by the author.
After researching the research, it can be seen that most of these studies use the same topics and different theories. The position of this research that researcher investigates more about the types and meaning of metaphor in homoerotic poem of Abu Nawas and uses semantic theory of Ullmann adapted by Sumarsono because of words that contain elements of metaphor.
Theoretical Approach
In this research, the researcher uses semantics theory by Ullmann focusing on metaphors in his book titled Semantics an Introduction to the Science of Meaning adapted by Sumarsono in his book titled Pengantar Semantik. According to Sumarsono's book as an adaptation of Ullman, there are four types of metaphor, they are anthropomorphic metaphor, animal metaphor, from concrete to abstract metaphor and synesthetic metaphor. Furthermore, says Simpson, Stylists and cognitive poets have consistently drawn on the conceptual transfer in both literary and everyday discourse, and identified two important tropes that performed this conceptual transfer.
Based on what Simpson said above, the researcher is able to understand that the conceptual transfer has identified two important tropes, that is metaphor and metonym. Metaphor is also one of a number of important tools that can be used to partially understand what is impossible to fully understand, for. According to Griffiths, semantics is a tool to describe and understand the nature of knowledge, especially in their linguistic meaning that people have from understanding the language.
According to the description above, the main focuses of this research are the types of meanings and metaphors. The meaning of the metaphor is used to know the deep meaning of the whole text, and the type is used to know the metaphor.
Methods of Research
- Type of Research
- Data Sources
- Data Analysis Technique
The objective of semantics is the meaning of the word as opposed to pragmatics which uses the context to derive the meaning. Data are all facts and figures that can be used as material for compiling information (Arikunto, 2002: 96). In this research, the main source of data is the poems taken from Homoerotic Poems - Abu Nuwas alive.
For data collection, the researcher uses documentation, because the main focus in this research is on the text and is carried out with content analysis. In conducting this research, the researcher uses library research and observes some documents related to the research to get data easily. Data analysis is the activity focused on focusing, abstracting and organizing data systematically and rationally to give the essence of meaning to the problem (Suryana, 2010: 53).
The method of identification is a method used to establish the identity of certain linguistic units by using a determinant outside the language in a relation. In this research, the decisive tool is the fact pointed out by the language or the language referent (the method is called referential). First, the researcher classifies the data based on Ullmann's theory of metaphor and semantics.
Thirdly, the researcher analyzes the meaning of the metaphor found in the poems metaphorically and literally.
Paper Organization
In this part of the chapter, based on the research finding and the discussion in the previous chapter, the researcher shows its result and a suggestion for the next researcher related to the same research.
Conclusion
Metaphor as an expression of the human spirit, making it a parable for what is intended, it can be beautiful and it can also be bad depending on what takes priority. Then, in interpreting the metaphor, the reader can use the tenor and vehicle to facilitate understanding.
Suggestion
Semantics, an introduction to the science of meaning. http://andrejkoymasky.com/liv/poe/poe34.html). Kamus Lengkap (https://kamuslengkap.com/kamus/inggris-indonesia/arti-.kata/faun). https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/homo-erotic).
Short Biography of Abu Nawas
O Desire
In the Bath-house
I Die of Love For Him
A Boy Is Worth More Than A Girl
Wine of Paradise
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Curriculum Vitae
