140
The Concept of Depression in The Perspective of The Quran
Nurmalia Lusida1, Suherman2, Dadang Herdiansyah3, Fini Fajrini4, Noor Latifah5
1,2,3,4,5,6Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta Jl. KH. Ahmad Dahlan, Cirendeu, Ciputat, South Tangerang City, Banten.
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
According to the Quran, this study aims to determine (1) the concept of depression in children and adolescents. (2) the causes or reasons for the emergence of depression in children and adolescents. (3) How can the efforts be applied to overcome this depression problem according to the Islamic religion. This research uses quantitative methods through descriptive analysis. The verses in the holy book of the Qur'an are used as perspective samples to be associated with depression problems among adolescents and children.
In addition, researchers also look for sources from various literature, from books, journals, and articles related to this study, to be analyzed and developed in narrative form to be studied and understood following Islamic teachings. This research has the result that the concept of depression, according to the perspective of the Qur'an, is an emotional force coupled with a spiritual approach inherent in human psychology in practicing faith in their hearts. The practice of faith is an essential aspect of human life. Without faith, or if the person does not believe, it is feared that he will get a punishment or punishment, which can be illness or other things. In addition, faith is one aspect that guides humans to the right path, corrects a person's wrong behavior, actions, thoughts, or views, and brings them to follow what Allah SWT wills. Depression is a problem that involves a person's psychological and mental life due to the pressure/issues that cause this to happen. This psychological problem can only be treated by a psychologist or psychiatrist formally. This study also shows that depression problems that occur among children and adolescents can be treated and overcome by increasing the practice of faith in everyday life. The practice of faith can be done, among others, by diligently worshiping, praying, drawing closer to Allah, purifying oneself from intentional and unintentional sins, diligently reading the Qur'an, and practicing the holy book in daily personal life to get a sense of security and protection. True from Allah SWT.
Keywords: depression, descriptive, emotional, psychological, spiritual Introduction
A mental disorder is a disorder of human organs related to psychiatric (psychological) elements.1 Mental disorder have various types, including depressive, anxiety, or bipolar disorders. But the study here focuses on depressive disorders. Depressive disorder is a mental health disease characterized by a restless, depressed mood and excessive anxiety about something, and it can cause a loss of interest in daily life.
People who experience depressive disorders, there are changes in behavior, attitudes, lifestyles, and energy levels accompanied by a continuous sense of sadness.2
Modern design towards matters concerning the problems of human psychology can increase the statistics of people with melancholy, anxiety, phobias, stress, and so on. A person experiences spiritual and
141 psychological emotional instability, so the level of suffering from mental illness cuts the shortcut to suicide.
This is the direct effect of the separation between man and religion, as an implication of the development of the Western philosophy of science.3
Western psychology in the context of self-control is known as self-control or self-control. This concept of restraint is like the notion of patience put forward by Agte and Chiplonkar, which defines patience as "... patience is defined as calmness and willingness or ability to tolerate delay ...".4 What kind of patient behavior is defined as calmness and willingness to tolerate delays. Adversity Quotient, this concept is close to controlling. Control is the ability to control emotions, the feeling of a person's attitude to respond to a problematic event encountered.
This disorder is often caused by various factors, including heredity, having a specific personality that tends to be too inferior, too pessimistic, dependent on others, or having abused dangerous and illicit drugs. Or it can also be caused by external driving factors, for example, starting stress due to severe problems or situations that cause the person to feel unable to live. In this day and age, mental illnesses such as depression are widely found, especially among adolescents. Not infrequently, teenagers or children experience depression due to stress or pressure from being bullied by their classmates. It is very feared that this will impact the child's psychological state in the future, and it is not uncommon to encounter cases of teenagers who commit suicide due to depression. When a human experiences mental turmoil, he usually experiences changes such as sad feelings, irregular sleep patterns, irregular diets, insecurities, self-blame, helplessness, fatigue, hopelessness, and until someone commits suicide.5
Therefore, humans need a way to overcome this depressive problem, one of which is by telling many stories, communicating with those closest to them so they can help overcome their problems, and, lastly, drawing closer to God. By drawing closer to God, it is hoped that worry, anxiety, and anxiety can be avoided because God will keep us away from all that is evil. All human beings want a happy, safe, peaceful, and peaceful life. From the Islamic perspective, to achieve these things, what needs to be done is to practice all the commandments of Allah Almighty and stay away from the prohibitions. Religion is interpreted not only as a dogma but as a need for the soul that must be met.6 Praying is the most critical force in living life related to dealing with this problem of depression. Who can cure all kinds of diseases is God. Therefore, humans are required to be diligent in worship. Zikir, a therapy for reflection that can provide calm and carry out positive and religious behaviors, is expected to prevent all forms of mental illness.
The purpose of this study is to find out the concept of depressive disorder based on an Islamic perspective so that the implementation of religious principles based on the values of the Quran can be realized and implemented in everyday life, especially for adolescents and children who are in a crucial period for their physical and spiritual growth. This is done to overcome and prevent these mental disorders by getting closer to religion.
142 Research Methods
Researchers use the literature review method in researching depression among children and adolescents in Islam in the table; researchers found several factors of depression among children and adolescents from the perspective of the Islamic religion, and research can include some information derived from literature, including Books, Journals, Documents, and so on, the purpose of this study is to get some information and ideas that will be formulated results according to research that it's been done. Literature Review in this study is used to get conclusions about the concept of depression that exists in children and adolescents from the perspective of the Quran
Table 1 List of Literature Used in Research No. Researcher's
Name
Title Publications and Years
Conclusion 1. Yasipin, Silvia
Ayu Rianti Nurman Hidaya7
The Role of Religion in Shaping
Adolescent Mental Health
Manthiq Journal Vol V No 1 of 2020
Page 7
It can be concluded that: 1). Mental health can affect a person's spirit status, feelings, and mood 2). As a result of mental health disorders, causing inefficient people 3).
Mental health problems can be addressed with religious therapy).
Dhikr can make a person relax 5).
The higher a person's religious knowledge, the healthier his mental state.
2. Layla Takhfa Lubis, Laras Sati Naura Najla Adhinda,Hera Yulianirta, Bahril Hidayat8
Improving The Mental Health of Children and
Adolescents Through Islamic Worship
Al-Hikmah: Journal of Religion and Science Vol.16 No.2, October 2019
The results of the research from the article explain that adolescents and children who have a high level of faith and piety and are diligent in carrying out worship in their lives are considered to have more ability to overcome challenges and problems that occur in their lives.
Religious practice can be done by diligently worshiping, praying, reading the Quran, and zikir, maintaining his relationship with God, and his relationship with fellow humans has a high tendency to have maintained mental health. It can also be filled by carrying out productive and valuable activities, both beneficial to oneself and others, that can unwittingly provide true happiness in their life.
3. Rizka Nur
Hamidah, Noneng Siti Rosidah9
The Concept of Adolescent Mental
Prophetic Guidance and Counseling Journal
Based on the results of research on adolescent mental health in the Islamic view, it can be concluded
143 No. Researcher's
Name
Title Publications and Years
Conclusion Health Islamic
Perspective
that religious education is used as a foundation in all aspects of life, both in terms of faith, worship, morals, economy, then health. However, in addition to the need for adolescents' understanding of mental health, what is even more important is that they can apply it in everyday life. In addition, the support of various parties is also needed to support the growth and development of adolescents so that they become civilized and mentally healthy teenagers. Thus, mental health can be improved with spiritual abilities through the habit of carrying out good ritual worship habits to impact positive thinking, civilized behavior, and understanding of the purpose of life. Aspects of mental health in adolescents are viewed from an Islamic point of view. At least they can know and carry out worship practices according to Islamic teachings, face various life problems, adapt to new changes, establish good relations with the surrounding environment, and strengthen their relationship with God.
4. Hayatussofiyyah, S., Nashori, H.F., Rumiani, R.10
The effectiveness of religious cognitive therapy in lower depression in adolescents
Journal of Psychology.
Vol 2 No 1 (2017).
Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that it is necessary to apply religious cognitive therapy to reduce the level of depression and counteract depression that occurs in the lives of adolescents who are in a transition period or transition from children to adults. In this transitional period, the formation and development of a person's character traits and behaviors will later be seen. This is an important time in the growth process.
Therefore, it would be nice if this adolescence was filled with doing positive things, as well as carrying out the commandments of Allah Almighty contained in the holy
144 No. Researcher's
Name
Title Publications and Years
Conclusion
book of the Quran. by drawing closer to God and abstaining from all that He forbids in order to create true peace, happiness, peace, and comfort in living this life.
5. Mutia, E, Subandi, Mulyati, R.
(2010).11
Cognitive Therapy Of Grateful
Behaviors To Lower Depression In Adolescents.
Journal of Psychological
Intervention. 2 (1), 53- 68
Based on the explanations listed in the journal, it can be concluded that the notion of cognitive therapy is a form of psychotherapy intended for people who have mental disorders, is a form of psychological therapy that has proven to be effective in overcoming problems related to anxiety, excessive worry and major depression.as for the application of cognitive therapy in mirroring the behavior of adolescents who are grateful, accept and realize that everything that happens, experienced and possessed is a blessing, a mercy and a gift from God that must be grateful for its existence. by having an attitude that is always grateful, it is hoped that everything that can interfere with comfort, tranquility and things that cause anxiety, anxiety and discomfort in this life can be avoided as much as possible.
gratitude is one of the most effective strategies in facing problems and great challenges in life.
6. Ramadhani, A., Renowati, S.
(2013).12
Depression in Adolescent Victims of Bullying.
Journal of Psychology.
9 (2), 73-79.
The journal explains that one of the causes of depression that is found among adolescents is due to bullying events, which are carried out in schools. bullying is a form of violent act that is beyond the limits of juvenile delinquency. bullying can not only harm his physical health but can also harm and threaten his psychological health.
The psychological of a teenager can be disturbed due to excessive fear, worry and anxiety due to fear of being bullied. it starts with a small amount of psychological burden but increases and increases until it
145 No. Researcher's
Name
Title Publications and Years
Conclusion
reaches the peak of depression in the life of a teenager. Adolescents are generally in the period of adolescence or is a transition period from children to adults which is an important period in the development and formation of a person's character and maturity level. it is very worrying and very sad to see that the bullying behavior carried out can be a great threat to the victim and will interfere with his mental health, it is not even uncommon to find suicide events among adolescents who cannot stand it because there are great pressures and interventions that interfere with the peace and comfort of their lives. it must be eradicated as soon as possible, one of which is by drawing closer to God, worshipping frequently, reading scriptures, and practicing the commandments of God contained in them and staying away from its prohibitions.
Result
From the results of research on the concept of depression according to the perspective of the Islamic religion, it can be seen that in general depression is caused by various factors, including internal and external factors that come from outside the individual himself. Internal factors can be caused by a person's lack of faith, lack of practice of religious teachings in daily life, and lack of realization of how important religious teaching is to be applied and implemented in living life. While external factors can be caused due to behavior, problems or problems caused and occur in the surrounding environment. Examples include the influence of association, bullying events, violence, or severe problems that become a tremendous pressure and intervention for a person's life, where the safety, comfort, peace, and happiness of his heart are threatened.
The problem of mental disorders in the case of depression is often found in adolescents and children as individuals who tend to be still unstable and easily swayed in living this life, where they are still very easily influenced by invitations, influences, or suggestions from others without understanding precisely what they should do or how to respond to the teachings. However, this generally happens to teenagers who
146 lack piety and faith in Allah Almighty and do not apply religious teachings in their daily lives, so they are still easily influenced by the invitation of this mortal world. But, people, especially teenagers who already have faith and piety and always practice religious values in their lives, usually will have stronger mental and psychological because they have more robust guidelines, handles, and foundations that guide them in facing the currents and waves of life.
Discussion
When related to the Islamic perspective, religion is intended in addition to being the basis for guidelines and handles on life or dogma alone; it is also considered to be able to provide comfort and fulfillment of physical and spiritual health. Religion has an important role in regulating, guiding, and directing one's life. Religion can also control individuals to walk, act and behave correctly in accordance with the commandments listed in the holy book of the Quran.
In addition, religion also has the function of providing calm, comfort, and peace of self and mood.13 Without having a religious handle, a person will be easily swayed and affected by this world. This religious function in providing calm can have a positive influence on a person's mental (psychological) development, especially in the context of adolescence. Adolescence is a transitional period in which great changes emerge at this time as a transition to maturity. With religion, a teenager will grow into a mature person in speaking, acting, and behaving. At the same time, adolescents who do not have faith or do not have a religious handle early on will be worried about growing up to be individuals who cannot discern right from wrong.
Regarding the psychology of these two types of adolescents, it can be interpreted that adolescents with a high level of piety and faith will become strong individuals and able to face various kinds of life problems and challenges, so it is improbable to experience depressive disorders because there is already a trustworthy source of happiness and peace, namely Allah SWT. However, on the contrary, adolescents who lack piety and lack faith will tend to be easier to experience psychological disorders such as depression if faced with problems or significant events that can threaten their peace and comfort.
The terms happiness, peace, salvation, glory, prosperity, and perfection are in those terms of mental health. The Qur'ān also contains verses related to the description of the definition of mental health, covering man's relationship with himself, his fellow human beings, the environment, and God, all of which are aimed at obtaining a happy life of the world and the hereafter.14
The Qur'an is a perfect book with many values that instructs humans to respond to difficulty and prevent mental health disorders. One of the noble values that are very important to be a human being is the spirit of the heart (patience).15 Therefore, this concept of depression must be appropriately considered by avoiding it in such a way, namely by increasing worship, increasing communication with God, and always making scriptures the basis for living life.
147 Conclusion
In this study, it can be concluded that several things related to depression exist among children and adolescents from the perspective of Islam. The author summarizes several elements, namely:
1. Basically, the depression of a teenager in the perspective of Islam has stated two factors, including external factors and internal, among others from oneself or environmental factors.
2. Religion is a guide for a person in living this mortal life which is full of problems, challenges, trials, and obstacles faced. With solid religious guidelines and guidelines, it is hoped that a person can live his life in a stable, calm, and confident mood of God's purpose in allowing all these things to happen in his life.
3. With piety, faith and good practice of religious teachings, it is very unlikely that these individuals will experience mental health disorders such as depression because they tend to be stronger and more mature.
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