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Parents in Improving the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents Through Islamic Worship
Andriyani1, Masyitoh2, Herwina3, Raghib Filhaq4, Munaya Fauziah5
1.5Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta
2Islamic Education Management Doctoral Program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta
3Faculty of Education Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta Jl. KH. Ahmad Dahlan, Cirendeu, Ciputat, South Tangerang City, Banten.
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
In this modern era, children and adolescents face challenges, so in their development and growth, they need guidance and control from people, such as thinking and acting. One way to control oneself is to understand religion. According to the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas), Indonesia currently has a mental disorder incidence rate of around 1 in 5 residents, meaning that around 20% of the population suffers from mental disorders. More than 19 million people over 15 experience mental and emotional disorders, and more than 12 million people over 15 experience depression. This study aimed to examine some of the literature on parents' role in improving children's and adolescents' mental health through Islamic worship.
This study uses a study method that conducts research involving various kinds of information from libraries such as journals and theses. The results of research from various literature sources show that adolescents who understand worship and practice Islamic worship can overcome problems in their lives, are grateful, adapt to the environment, and maintain relationships with the environment and God so that they tend to have good mental health standards. It can be concluded that adolescents who understand worship and practice Islamic worship can overcome problems in their lives, and the role of parents is significant in improving mental health in children and adolescents.
Keywords: children and adolescents, worship, mental health, parents
Introduction
Children and adolescents are the next generations of the nation. The development of the times that impact the growth and development of children and adolescents can cause both positive and negative things.
The adolescent phase is the final development of the childhood phase. In this modern era, children and adolescents face challenges, so in their development and growth, guidance and control from people are needed such as how to think and act. So that the spirituality formed in children and adolescents leads to positive things. One way to control yourself is to understand religion. Suppose these children and adolescents can display behavioral habits in accordance with the values, norms, and rules in society. In that case, it can be said that the teenager has standards, good norms, and values. However, if the child and adolescent do not display values, norms, and the rules that apply in society, it can be said that the child and adolescent have committed immoral acts.1
81 According to the Indonesian Ministry of Health, mental health is a condition in which individuals can develop physically, mentally, emotionally, and socially so that the individual recognizes their abilities, can cope with pressure, work productively, and contribute to their community.2
According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), Globally, one in seven children between the ages of 10-19 are mentally ill, accounting for 13% of the global disease burden in this age group. Emotional disorders often occur in adolescence. Anxiety disorders (which may involve panic or excessive anxiety) are more common in the early age group than in teenagers. An estimated 3.6% of children aged 10-14 years and 4.6% of children aged 15-19 years have an anxiety disorder. It is estimated that depression affects 1.1% of adolescents aged 10-14 and 2.8% of adolescents aged 15-19. Depression and anxiety have several symptoms, including rapid and unexpected mood swings.3
According to the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas), Indonesia currently has an incidence rate of mental disorders of around 1 in 5 population, meaning that around 20% of the population in Indonesia has the potential to experience mental disorders. More than 19 million people over 15 have mental and emotional disorders, and more than 12 million people over 15 have depression. In addition, based on the sample registration system carried out by the Research and Development Agency in 2016, data on suicide cases per year, as many as 1,800 people or five people commit suicide every day, and 47.7% of suicide victims are between the ages of 10-39 years.4
The impact of mental health disorders on adolescents consists of positive and negative impacts.5 The positive impact is if the teenager can get through the times of stress and other mental health disorders, they can learn from frustrating experiences and make it a motivation to keep trying to get better. Its negative impact if unable to cope with stress and other mental illnesses in adolescents can result in: juvenile delinquency, drug and alcohol abuse, promiscuous sex, eating disorders, suicide, mental disorders, and lack of self-confidence.6
Parents are important figures for children and adolescents; efforts are needed to achieve maximum learning success. Parents need to train children to achieve learning success, starting from training children, which begins with planning something to be learned, monitoring the achievement of children's learning progress, and conducting an assessment process of what is learned.7 Thus, the role of parents in educating children and adolescents to achieve learning success as learners begins with planning, monitoring, and assessing the formation of morals and good mental health.1
One of the efforts made by parents to make their children mentally healthy is to send their children to an Islamic place.8 Schools are an influencing environment for the development of adolescent mental health because the function of the school is not only as a place of learning but also a place to socialize so that the values of social life are embedded.9 The characteristic of schools in Islamic places is that they
82 provide a comprehensive learning environment because what is learned is academic and character-building according to Islamic teachings. They are taught to be religious human beings, able to harmonize all their words and deeds following the teachings of Allah Almighty in the Qur'an Karim and the rules taught by the Prophet Muhammad in the Sunnah of Sharifah with the customs in daily life.10
Research conducted by Layla Takhfa Lubis et al. (2019) suggests that the influence of worship in the Islamic context, such as congregational prayers, pilgrimage, and reading the Qur'an, is often carried out in places of worship, such as mosques and prayer rooms. A mosque is a center of worship, which in a broad sense includes muamalat or social activities. By practicing Islamic worship, children and adolescents improve their mental health, especially by forming social intelligence with the environment.1
Based on the description that has been described above, therefore the author intends to examine some literature on the role of parents in improving the mental health of children and adolescents through Islamic worship.
Research Methods
This research uses a literature review method where researchers conduct a series of studies involving various kinds of information derived from literature from as many as 15 Journals and Theses in the 2015-2022 range. It aims to find a wide variety of theories and ideas that can then be formulated results according to the objectives of the study. The literature review in this study was carried out to get conclusions about parents' role in improving children and adolescents' mental health through Islamic worship. Some of the literature studied by researchers was then reduced to be listed in table 1 below.
Table 1 List of Literature Used in Research No. Researcher's Name Title Publications and
Years
Conclusion 1. Fatmah K, Dewi
Aisyah
Improving Mental Health of
Children and Adolescents Through Islamic Worship
Journal of Islamic guidance and counseling, Sunan Kalijogo Islamic Institute, Malang P-ISSN 2622-674X / E-ISSN 2721-9585 Volume 3, Number 1 / June 2021
A child and teenager who understands worship and carries out Islamic worship can overcome the problems of the life lived, be grateful and productive, adjust to the environment, and maintain a relationship with the environment and God to have a charitable character. Health standards. The practice of worship in the Islamic context, such as pilgrimage, recitation, and prayer, is one way to achieve good mental and physical health in adolescents to develop their potential. Nation in building the region. The potential towards a higher and better Indonesia.
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2. Sulis Winurini The Relationship between
Religiosity and Mental Health
Aspirations: A Journal of Problems Social | Volume 10, No. 2 December 2019 ISSN: 2086-6305 (print) ISSN: 2614- 5863 (electronic)
There is a positive and meaningful relationship between religion and the mental health of young Peersren. They feel that the higher their level of religiosity, the higher their level of mental health, and vice versa. While other results of this study show that in the aspect of mental health, religion has only a positive and significant relationship with social well-being. This means that the higher the level of religiosity experienced by adolescents, the higher the dimension of well-being
3. Bulu,Taqwa,Muham mad Rajab, Rifa’ah Mahmudah Bulu
Learners' Attitudes on Coaching Mental Health Based on Islamic Guidance and Counseling at UPT SMAN 8 North Luwu
Journal of Conception, Vol. 10, No. 3,
November 2021
Attitude of upt students of SMAN 8 luwu utara in islamic guidance and counseling in order to improve mental health as follows: a.
enthusiastic spirit in participating in and conducting school activities with a religious environment. b.
Actively engage and build synergies with all teachers and counselors to create a religious atmosphere. C.
compared to the Optimization of Islamic spiritual extracurricular programs, such as youth musholah, taklim after Duhur and Asar prayers, Friday prayers and tarbiyah for students every week
4. Septiani Selly Susanti Adolescent Mental Health in the Perspective of Islamic Education
Vol. VII No.1, Th.
2018 P-ISSN: 2089- 6638 E-ISSN: 2461- 0232 Edition : January-June 2018
Islamic education is very influential and beneficial to the development of mental health in adolescents.
Mental health in adolescents can be resolved if there is good cooperation from all groups between the family education environment, schools, communities and also local governments. In addition to cooperation between various parties, religions are present as enlighteners through Islamic education. Islamic education is a discipline that teaches students (teenagers) about the values of Islamic religious teachings. When teenagers have understood well and
84 No. Researcher's Name Title Publications and
Years
Conclusion
correctly the purpose of Islamic education, then what will be obtained is peace of mind which comes from faith in Allah, because the ultimate goal of Islamic education is to make their people become kamil people as a whole, not only theory but also followed by application in the field based on an attitude of responsibility in every action. A manifestation of adolescent mental health problems seen from the perspective of Islamic education ad.
5. Layla Takhfa Lubis, Laras Sati, Naura Najla Adhinda, Hera Yulianirta, Bahril Hidayat
Improving the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents Through Islamic Worship
Al Hikmah: Journal of Religion and Science P-ISSN 1412-5382 Vol. 16 No. 2, October 2019 E-ISSN 2598- 2168
Individual children and adolescents who understand worship and carry out Islamic worship, are able to overcome problems in the life they are experiencing, are grateful, productive, adjust to the environment, maintain a relationship with the environment and their God so that they tend to have good mental health standards.
The implementation of worship in the Islamic context such as the implementation of zikir, reading the Qur'an, especially prayer is a way to obtain good mental and physical health achievements in adolescents to develop the great potential of adolescents as a generation of the nation in developing regional potential towards a superior and better Indonesia
6. Asriyanti Rosmalina Islamic Counseling Guidance Approach in Improving Adolescent Mental Health
Holistik: Journal For Islamic Social Sciences Year 2020 ISSN: 2527-7588 e-ISSN: 2527-9556
The Islamic Counseling Guidance Model in Improving Mental Health is Reading the Qur'an, by reading the Qur'an we will forgive sins, multiply goodness and strengthen the hope of going to heaven.
Therefore, reading the Qur'an is a therapy to relieve anxiety that arises due to feelings of sin.
7. Yasipin, Silvia Ayu Rianti, Nurman Hidaya
The Role of Religion in Shaping
Journal Manthiq: Vol V No 1 of 2020
Mental health can affect a person's state of mind, feelings and mood. As a result of mental health disorders
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Adolescent Mental Health
that cause a person to be ineffective.
Mental health disorders can be overcome through Religious Therapy. Dhikr can make a person relax. The higher a person's beliefs, the healthier his state of mind will be.
8. Fatya Ulya and Noor Alis Setiyadi
Literature Review of Factors Related to Mental Health in Adolescents
Journal of Health and Therapy, Volume 1 No. 1, 2021, 27-46
Dhuha is part of the internal psychological factors, it is hoped that it will be able to be improved by useful activities such as religious studies and participating in community social activities.
Parenting, and the peer environment are part of external factors and are expected to be improved by health promotion efforts in adolescents, families and communities.
9. Fuadatul Huraniyah The Role of Religion in Fostering adolescent Mentality
Al-Tatwir, Vol. 4 No.
1 October 2017
Religion is a guide to salvation and happiness both in the world and in the hereafter, therefore it takes an important role in human life. The laws and ahlaks contained in religion must be carried out by its adherents. the arena of roles that religion considers very important for human life, it must be taught to everyone, especially children, because the child is the first stage of development towards an adult human being. So if you want your child and generation to grow towards a happy and productive life, grateful, honest and kind, the most appropriate way is coaching, especially religious coaching (including Aqidah, Worship and Akhlak).
10. Iredho Fani Reza The Effectiveness of Worship Implementation in Efforts to Achieve Mental Health
PSYCHIC-Journal of Islamic Psychology Vol. 1 No. 1 (2015) 105-115
People who understand and live the practice of worship can overcome life's problems, so they tend to have good mental health. One way to achieve sanity is to perform worship in the Islamic context, such as prayer, dhikr, tilawah, and other worship activities.
11. Faisal Anwar & Putry Julia
Analysis of Mental Health
Vol. 7, No. 1, 2021 Page : 64 to 83 DOI
1. Boarding caregivers have generally demonstrated an
86 No. Researcher's Name Title Publications and
Years
Conclusion Development
Strategies by Boarding School Caregiver Teachers in Aceh Besar During the Pandemic
:10.22373/je.v6i2.1090 5
understanding of mental health.
These caregivers can explain the concept of mental health even if they do not fully understand it.
However, their understanding of the need to develop mental health in the family has generated various responses. Among them are those who argue that active activity among the founders may have affected students' mental health.
However, others argue that mental health training should be provided to students living in dormitories. 2.
In the implementation of mental health development programs.
Caregivers do not have complete discretion over what activities can help improve students' mental health on campus. They must first submit to the Poidsren leadership because all policies are in the hands of the leadership. So far, the leadership has only ensured that the existing activities and routines run smoothly. If there are activities in addition, it is the result of consultation with the management there. In general, it is impossible for these caregivers to create special programs for the development of mental health. 3. Supporting factors for the implementation of mental health guidance in Islamic boarding schools are very complete. Like a media room. The campus is spacious, with enough places of worship. All of them are very supportive of implementing mental health coaching for students.
Meanwhile, the inhibiting factor in this work is the lack of time available due to the density of activities that already exist in the body. In addition, there is no teacher with a background in psychology or guidance and counseling in his position.
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12. Ade Amarta Yolanda
& Wirdati
The Role of Parents in Raising Awareness of Children's Prayer Services
An-Nuha: Journal of Islamic Education e ISSN: 2775-7617 p- ISSN: 2775-7226 Volume 1 Number 4 November 2021, p. 1.
461-473
Parents have a role as educators to increase awareness of worship such as fardhu prayers to children. one of them is by entering children into religious education places such as MDA / TPA, parents are also required to ask again what lessons the child has learned and tell the reward rewards for people who carry out prayers, parents are also required to invite children to carry out congregational prayers in mosques, provide understanding and knowledge about the importance of carrying out worship, and teach about prayer readings and practice reasonable prayer movement procedures and proper.
Parents also motivate children to increase awareness of worship, such as by giving praise to children.
Parents are obliged to facilitate worship equipment and schools for children and create a harmonious family to create a sakinah mawaddah warrahmah family. Then parents also have a role as supervisors in increasing children's awareness of fardhu prayer services carried out by asking children whether they have prayed or not, constantly reminding children to pray on time, supervising children's associations and friendships, asking teachers how the child's behavior and worship are at school, as well as supervising and accompanying children while playing cellphones and watching television.
13. Alva Cherry
Mustamu, Nur Hafni Hasim, and Furaida Khasanah
Parenting, Motivation &
Discipline In Improving the Mental Health of Papuan
Adolescents
Muhammadiyah Bengkulu Journal of Nursing, Volume 08, Number 01, April 2020; 17-25 P ISSN : 2460-4550 E ISSN : 2720-958X DOI : https://doi.org/10.3 085/jkmu.v8i1.640
Parenting, discipline, and motivation are linearly related to adolescent mental health. But besides this, what is closely related to health is only discipline and motivation. Parenting patterns are not directly proportional to the mental health of adolescents.
88 No. Researcher's Name Title Publications and
Years
Conclusion 14. Imam Subqi Patterns of
Religious Communication in Shaping Children's Personalities
Inject,
Interdisciplinary Journal of
Communication, Vol.
1, No. 2, December 2016:165-180
The development of religion, along with spiritual development, begins when a child is born into the world, he begins to receive education and medicine. First from his parents, then from his whole family, all of which contributed to his personality. The training and personality development are then complemented and perfected by the school. Moral education in childhood is carried out from habitual to behavioral and moral taught by religion. Parents should set an example by cultivating good moral habits such as honesty, fairness, courtesy, etc., because this child naturally imitates what they see. When the child is used to doing good, the feeling will be ingrained in the soul and become one of the elements of his personality.
Similarly, religious values and other social norms gradually entered its spiritual development. If religious education is not given to the child early, it won't be easy to establish.
15. Awang Saputra, Ahmad Suryadi Nomi
Principles of Islamic-Based Mental Health Education Management
Jurnal Perspektif –Bali Education Network Foundation in 2022.
ISSN 2807-1190
Mental Health Disorders are a global problem that hinders the development of students during learning and the quality of education, so it requires serious attention from Islamic educational institutions that, in their doctrine., Take care of human mental health.
Efforts for mental health services in educational institutions through the principles of prevention include early detection of mental health problems, training, support of students with average and high risks with health problems, and people in partners with health centers, psychiatrists, and hospitals.
Although efforts are made at the family level, family and educational institutions aim to prevent mental problems, prevent mental disorders,
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reduce mental disorders in society and prevent the impact of social psychological problems. The consequences of this document provide awareness, and Our concern is for the importance of efforts to avoid mental health, self-and family disorders to focus on how to manage educational principles about education. Mental health based on Islam in educational institutions can be done well and work with all parties, which will indeed have a better impact in the future.
Result
The results of research from various literary sources show that adolescents who understand worship and practice Islamic worship can overcome problems in life. They experience gratitude, and productivity, adapt to the environment and maintain relationships with the environment and God so that they tend to have good mental health standards. Carrying out worship in the Islamic context, such as carrying out zikir, and reading the Qur'an, especially prayers, is one way to achieve good mental and physical health in adolescents to develop the great potential of youth as a generation of the nation in developing regional potential into a superior nation. And a more advanced Indonesia well.1
A. Discussion
1. Definition of Mental Health
Islam governs every human life from the big things to the smallest things including mental health.
Based on the explanation in the verse of the Qur'an Surah Ar-Rad verse 28 as follows:
َا ۗ ِ هاللّٰ ِرْكِذِب ْمُهُب ْوُلُق ُّنِٕىَمْطَت َو ا ْوُنَمٰا َنْيِذَّلا ۗ ُب ْوُلُقْلا ُّنِٕىَمْطَت ِ هاللّٰ ِرْكِذِب َلَ
Means:
People of faith and their hearts become at peace by remembering God. Remember, only by remembering God does the heart become at peace. (Q.S. Ar-rad Verse 28)11
According to the Indonesian Ministry of Health, mental health is a condition where individuals can develop physically, mentally, emotionally, and socially so that the individual recognizes their abilities, can overcome pressure, work productively, and contribute to their community.2
90 Dr. Kartini in Septiani Selly Susanti says that "The one which healthy mentality includes having distinctive traits, having the ability to act effectively, having clear life goals, having a healthy self-concept, having coordination between all potentials and efforts, having self-regulation and personality integration and always calming the mind" .12
B. Adolescent Mental Health
Understanding the mental health of children and adolescents also means understanding what factors can harm mental health (risk factors) and which can protect the child's mental health (protective factors).
Risk factors increase the likelihood of susceptibility in a child, while protective factors significantly increase the likelihood in a child. The more risk factors, the greater the pressure on the child. On the other hand, the more protective factors, the more likely the child is to avoid distractions.13 Risk factors are those that can lead to vulnerability in an accident. In other words, the inability to adapt can be caused by stressful conditions, such as children growing up in low-income families in an environment that is violent and traumatized.14
Research conducted by Yosapin, Silvia Ayu Rianti et al. (2020) Mental health can affect a person's state of mind, emotions, and mood. Mental health disorders make a person ineffective. Mental health problems can be overcome with dhikr. Religious therapy can relax a person. The higher a person's religious knowledge, the healthier his mental state.15
C. Mental Health Disorders
Several types of mental disorders include schizophrenia, psychopathic depression, bipolar disorder, anti-social, and others. Riskesdas data in 2013 shows that the incidence of emotional and mental disorders characterized by symptoms of depression and anxiety for the age of 15 years overreaches approximately 14 million people, or 6% of the total Indonesian population. Meanwhile, the incidence rate of severe mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, reaches about 400,000 or 1.7 per 1,000. In Indonesia, with a variety of biological, psychological, and social factors with a diverse population; then the number of cases of mental disorders continues to increase, which has an impact on increasing the burden on the state and decreasing human productivity in the long term.16
Zakiah Daradjat, in her book Remaja Harapan Dan Challenge, quoted by Susan (2018), recognizes problems in adolescents, including problems related to growth, problems arise related to parents, problems related to school and subjects, problems related to social values or environmental situations, problems related to sex.12
91 Parents have a very important role in educating a child. Islam regulates this in the Qur'an surah Al- Anfal verse 28 which reads :
ٌمْيِظَع ٌرْجَا ْٓ هَدْنِع َ هاللّٰ َّنَا َّوۙ ٌةَنْتِف ْمُكُد َلَ ْوَا َو ْمُكُلا َوْمَا ْٓاَمَّنَا ا ْْٓوُمَلْعا َو
ࣖ
Means: And know that your treasure and your children are but a trial, and indeed, there is a great reward on the side of God. (Q.S. Al-Anfal:28)17
Allah warned the Muslims that they would know their property and children were on trial. The point is that Allah bestows property and children on Muslims as a test for them whether the wealth and children add piety to Allah, be grateful for His favors and carry out the rights and obligations as God has prescribed 17
Not only to the difficulties of life but also the child is a trial for his parents. Therefore, we as parents need to be patient in educating children to become shalih and shalihah individuals. Being patient in restraining any toxicity is a vivid example of educating a child. Educating a child is a must and an obligation for every parent, especially prayer education.18 This prayer education is essential to teach to children. there is a word of the Messenger of Allah who commands parents to command their children to perform prayers.
as narrated in the following hadith from Amr Bin Syu'aib of his father from his grandfather said:
لاِب ْمُكَد َلَ ْوَأ ا ْوُرُم ا ْوُقِِّرَف َو ، َنْيِنِس ِرْشَع ُءاَنْبَأ ْمُه َو اَهْيَلَع ْمُه ْوُب ِرْضا َو ، َنْيِنِس ِعْبَس ُءاَنْبَأ ْمُه َو ِة َلََّص
ِع ِجاَضَمْلا يِف ْمُهَنْيَب
Means :
"Order your children to perform prayers while they are seven years old and beat them for their medium prayers they are ten years old and separation between them in their beds." (H.R Abu Daud)19
Parents are the primary and first educators for their children because it is from them that children get their first education.20 Thus, forms of education were first found in family life. In general, education in the household is not based on awareness and understanding born of academic knowledge but because its atmosphere and structure naturally offer realistic possibilities for establishing educational situations. The educational situation becomes reciprocal between parent and child. Parents or mothers and fathers play an important and very influential role in the education of their children15
Conclusion
Adolescents who understand worship and practice Islamic worship can overcome problems in life they experience, are grateful, productive, adapt to the environment, and maintain relationships with the environment and God so that they tend to have good mental health standards.
92 Mentally healthy people include having distinctive traits, having the ability to act effectively, having clear life goals, having a healthy self-concept, having coordination between all their potential and efforts, having self-regulation and personality integration, and always calming the mind Parents or mothers and fathers play an important and very influential role in education his children Thus, the first form of education was found in family life.
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