View of CORPUS-BASED ANALYSIS: COLLOCATION OF NETIZENS’ WORDS IN INDONESIAN NEWS IN 2020

Neng Sumiyati, Ely Fauziyah, Abdul Basid

CORPUS-BASED ANALYSIS:

COLLOCATION OF NETIZENS’ WORDS IN INDONESIAN NEWS IN 2020

Neng Sumiyati, Ely Fauziyah, Abdul Basid

‹˜‡”•‹–ƒ••Žƒ‡‰‡”‹ƒ—ŽƒƒƒŽ‹„”ƒŠ‹ƒŽƒ‰

ƒ‹Žǣ‡‰•—‹›ƒ–‹ͷ͵͹̷‰ƒ‹ŽǤ…‘

Abstract: ‡–‹œ‡•‘”‹–‡”‡–…‹–‹œ‡•ƒ”‡†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ•’‡‘’Ž‡™Š‘ƒ”‡ƒ…–‹˜‡‹

‘Ž‹‡…‘—‹–‹‡•„›„‡‹‰‹˜‘Ž˜‡†‹•‡˜‡”ƒŽ‘Ž‹‡ˆ‘”—•‘”•‘…‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒǤ

‘Ž‹‡‡†‹ƒ‹†‘‡•‹ƒǡ‡–‹œ‡•ƒ”‡‘ˆ–‡”‡ˆ‡””‡†–‘ƒ•ƒ‰”‘—’‘ˆ–Š‡

‘•– ”‹‰Š–‡‘—•Ǥ Š‹• –‡” ‹• ‹…Ž—†‡† ‹ ™‘”† …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ ‘” ™‘”† ƒ–…Š‹‰

”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘‡–‹œ‡•ǤŠ‹••–—†›ƒ‹•–‘†‡•…”‹„‡–Š‡…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡™‘”†•

‹†‘‡•‹ƒ‡™•‹ʹͲʹͲǤŠ‹•”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‹•ƒ‹š‡†‡–Š‘†•–—†›ǤŠ‡’”‹ƒ”›

†ƒ–ƒ•‘—”…‡‘ˆ–Š‹••–—†›‹•‡™•†ƒ–ƒ…‘–ƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡…‘”’—•ǡƒ‡Ž›‡‹’œ‹‰

‘”’‘”ƒ‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‹•…‘”’—•Ǧ„ƒ•‡†”‡•‡ƒ”…Šˆ‘—†–Šƒ––Š‡”‡

ƒ”‡–™‘–›’‡•‘ˆ…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡™‘”†•‹–Š‡†‘‡•‹ƒ‡™•‹ʹͲʹͲǤ ‹”•–ǡ…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘—Ϊƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡…‘•‹•–•‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”†•…—”‹‘—•ǡ‡š…‹–‡†ǡ˜‡”›

‡š…‹–‡†ǡ‡˜‹‘—•ǡˆ—”‹‘—•ǡƒƒœ‡†ǡ‡š…‹–‡†ǡ•—•’‹…‹‘—•ǡ…‘…‡”‡†ǡƒ†™‘””‹‡†Ǥ

‡…‘†ǡ ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡ Ϊ ‘— …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ …‘•‹•–• ‘ˆ ƒ›ǡ ˆ‡™ǡ ‡š…‹–‡†ǡ ƒ‰”›ǡ

‡š…‹–‹‰ǡ ‡˜‹Žǡ ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ …”‘™†‡†ǡ ˆ—›ǡ ˆ—”‹‘—•ǡ •—††‡Ž›ǡ ‡š…‹–‡†ǡ ˆ—›ǡ

•—”’”‹•‡†Ǥ

Keywords: Corpus-based analysis, collocation, netizens’ words, Indonesian news.

INTRODUCTION

‘†ƒ›ǡ–Š‡™‘”†‡†‹ƒ‹•„Žƒ•–‹‰‹–Š‹•‘†‡”‡”ƒǤŠ‡‡†‹ƒ‹•ƒ–‘‘Ž

–Šƒ–ƒ‡•‹–‡ƒ•‹‡”ˆ‘”•‘‡‘‡–‘…‘˜‡›‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥƒ›–›’‡•‘ˆ‡†‹ƒ

ƒ”‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰–‘†ƒ›ǡ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹••‘…‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒǤ‘…‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒ‹•‘Ž‹‡‡†‹ƒ

™Š‹…Š ƒŽŽ‘™ –Š‡ —•‡”• –‘ •Šƒ”‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡ ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‡ ‹ †‹•…—••‹‘ǡ …‘—‹…ƒ–‡ ™‹–Š ‘–Š‡”• ‘” ’‘•– –Š‡‹” ‘’‹‹‘•Ǥ †”‡ƒ• •–ƒ–‡† –Šƒ– •‘…‹ƒŽ

‡†‹ƒ‹•ƒ‰”‘—’‘ˆ‹–‡”‡–Ǧ„ƒ•‡†ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘•–Šƒ–„—‹Ž†–Š‡‹†‡‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽƒ†

–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽˆ‘—†ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ™‡„ʹǤͲƒ†ƒŽŽ‘™—•‡”Ǧ‰‡‡”ƒ–‡†…‘–‡–…”‡ƒ–‹‘

ȋ‹”Ž‹ƒ–‹ǡʹͲʹͲǡ’’Ǥ͹͹Ǧ͹ͺȌǤ

Š‡ —•‡ ‘ˆ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‡†‹ƒ Šƒ• „‘–Š ’‘•‹–‹˜‡ ƒ† ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ ‹’ƒ…–•Ǥ Š‡

’‘•‹–‹˜‡‹’ƒ…–•ƒ”‡‡ƒ•› –‘ƒ……‡••–Š‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡ„—‹Ž†ˆ”‹‡†•Š‹’•ǡ…”‡ƒ–‡

’‡”•‘ƒŽ„”ƒ†‹‰ǡ’”‘‘–‡’”‘†—…–•ǡƒ†’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‡‹•‘…‹ƒŽƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ǤŠ‹Ž‡

–Š‡‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡‹’ƒ…–•‘ˆ—•‹‰•‘…‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒƒ”‡„‡‹‰–”ƒ’’‡†‹–‘ˆƒ‡ƒ……‘—–•ǡ

Š‘•–‹Ž‡„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ǡ‘”–”ƒ’’‡†‹–‘…‘’—–‡”˜‹”—•‡•ȋ‘Šƒ†‹ǡʹͲͳ͸ǡ’’ǤͳǦ͹ȌǤ‡

‘ˆ–Š‡‘–Š‡”’‘–‡–‹ƒŽŽ›†ƒƒ‰‹‰‡ˆˆ‡…–•‘ˆ‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰‹–‡”‡–—•‡‹•–‘”‡†—…‡

•‘…‹ƒŽ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘• ƒ† –Š‡ “—ƒŽ‹–› ‘ˆ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹–‡”ƒ…–‹‘ǡ ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”Ž› ‹ Ž‘…ƒŽ

…‘—‹–› ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘• ȋ”ƒ—–ǡ ͳͻͻͺǡ ’Ǥ ͷ͵ȌǤ  ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ ‘–Š‡”

CORPUS-BASED ANALYSIS:

COLLOCATION OF NETIZENS’ WORDS IN INDONESIAN NEWS IN 2020

Neng Sumiyati, Ely Fauziyah, Abdul Basid

‹˜‡”•‹–ƒ••Žƒ‡‰‡”‹ƒ—ŽƒƒƒŽ‹„”ƒŠ‹ƒŽƒ‰

ƒ‹Žǣ‡‰•—‹›ƒ–‹ͷ͵͹̷‰ƒ‹ŽǤ…‘

Abstract: ‡–‹œ‡•‘”‹–‡”‡–…‹–‹œ‡•ƒ”‡†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ•’‡‘’Ž‡™Š‘ƒ”‡ƒ…–‹˜‡‹

‘Ž‹‡…‘—‹–‹‡•„›„‡‹‰‹˜‘Ž˜‡†‹•‡˜‡”ƒŽ‘Ž‹‡ˆ‘”—•‘”•‘…‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒǤ

‘Ž‹‡‡†‹ƒ‹†‘‡•‹ƒǡ‡–‹œ‡•ƒ”‡‘ˆ–‡”‡ˆ‡””‡†–‘ƒ•ƒ‰”‘—’‘ˆ–Š‡

‘•– ”‹‰Š–‡‘—•Ǥ Š‹• –‡” ‹• ‹…Ž—†‡† ‹ ™‘”† …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ ‘” ™‘”†ƒ–…Š‹‰

”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘‡–‹œ‡•ǤŠ‹••–—†›ƒ‹•–‘†‡•…”‹„‡–Š‡…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡™‘”†•

‹†‘‡•‹ƒ‡™•‹ʹͲʹͲǤŠ‹•”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‹•ƒ‹š‡†‡–Š‘†•–—†›ǤŠ‡’”‹ƒ”›

†ƒ–ƒ•‘—”…‡‘ˆ–Š‹••–—†›‹•‡™•†ƒ–ƒ…‘–ƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡…‘”’—•ǡƒ‡Ž›‡‹’œ‹‰

‘”’‘”ƒ‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‹•…‘”’—•Ǧ„ƒ•‡†”‡•‡ƒ”…Šˆ‘—†–Šƒ––Š‡”‡

ƒ”‡–™‘–›’‡•‘ˆ…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡™‘”†•‹–Š‡†‘‡•‹ƒ‡™•‹ʹͲʹͲǤ ‹”•–ǡ…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘—Ϊƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡…‘•‹•–•‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”†•…—”‹‘—•ǡ‡š…‹–‡†ǡ˜‡”›

‡š…‹–‡†ǡ‡˜‹‘—•ǡˆ—”‹‘—•ǡƒƒœ‡†ǡ‡š…‹–‡†ǡ•—•’‹…‹‘—•ǡ…‘…‡”‡†ǡƒ†™‘””‹‡†Ǥ

‡…‘†ǡ ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡ Ϊ ‘— …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ …‘•‹•–• ‘ˆ ƒ›ǡ ˆ‡™ǡ ‡š…‹–‡†ǡ ƒ‰”›ǡ

‡š…‹–‹‰ǡ ‡˜‹Žǡ ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ …”‘™†‡†ǡ ˆ—›ǡ ˆ—”‹‘—•ǡ •—††‡Ž›ǡ ‡š…‹–‡†ǡ ˆ—›ǡ

•—”’”‹•‡†Ǥ

Keywords: Corpus-based analysis, collocation, netizens’ words, Indonesian news.

INTRODUCTION

‘†ƒ›ǡ–Š‡™‘”†‡†‹ƒ‹•„Žƒ•–‹‰‹–Š‹•‘†‡”‡”ƒǤŠ‡‡†‹ƒ‹•ƒ–‘‘Ž

–Šƒ–ƒ‡•‹–‡ƒ•‹‡”ˆ‘”•‘‡‘‡–‘…‘˜‡›‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥƒ›–›’‡•‘ˆ‡†‹ƒ

ƒ”‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰–‘†ƒ›ǡ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹••‘…‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒǤ‘…‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒ‹•‘Ž‹‡‡†‹ƒ

™Š‹…Š ƒŽŽ‘™ –Š‡ —•‡”• –‘ •Šƒ”‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡ ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‡ ‹ †‹•…—••‹‘ǡ …‘—‹…ƒ–‡ ™‹–Š ‘–Š‡”• ‘” ’‘•– –Š‡‹” ‘’‹‹‘•Ǥ †”‡ƒ• •–ƒ–‡† –Šƒ– •‘…‹ƒŽ

‡†‹ƒ‹•ƒ‰”‘—’‘ˆ‹–‡”‡–Ǧ„ƒ•‡†ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘•–Šƒ–„—‹Ž†–Š‡‹†‡‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽƒ†

–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽˆ‘—†ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ™‡„ʹǤͲƒ†ƒŽŽ‘™—•‡”Ǧ‰‡‡”ƒ–‡†…‘–‡–…”‡ƒ–‹‘

ȋ‹”Ž‹ƒ–‹ǡʹͲʹͲǡ’’Ǥ͹͹Ǧ͹ͺȌǤ

Š‡ —•‡ ‘ˆ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‡†‹ƒ Šƒ• „‘–Š ’‘•‹–‹˜‡ ƒ† ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ ‹’ƒ…–•Ǥ Š‡

’‘•‹–‹˜‡‹’ƒ…–•ƒ”‡‡ƒ•› –‘ƒ……‡••–Š‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡ„—‹Ž†ˆ”‹‡†•Š‹’•ǡ …”‡ƒ–‡

’‡”•‘ƒŽ„”ƒ†‹‰ǡ’”‘‘–‡’”‘†—…–•ǡƒ†’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‡‹•‘…‹ƒŽƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ǤŠ‹Ž‡

–Š‡‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡‹’ƒ…–•‘ˆ—•‹‰•‘…‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒƒ”‡„‡‹‰–”ƒ’’‡†‹–‘ˆƒ‡ƒ……‘—–•ǡ

Š‘•–‹Ž‡„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ǡ‘”–”ƒ’’‡†‹–‘…‘’—–‡”˜‹”—•‡•ȋ‘Šƒ†‹ǡʹͲͳ͸ǡ’’ǤͳǦ͹ȌǤ‡

‘ˆ–Š‡‘–Š‡”’‘–‡–‹ƒŽŽ›†ƒƒ‰‹‰‡ˆˆ‡…–•‘ˆ‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰‹–‡”‡–—•‡‹•–‘”‡†—…‡

•‘…‹ƒŽ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘• ƒ† –Š‡ “—ƒŽ‹–› ‘ˆ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹–‡”ƒ…–‹‘ǡ ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”Ž› ‹ Ž‘…ƒŽ

…‘—‹–› ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘• ȋ”ƒ—–ǡ ͳͻͻͺǡ ’Ǥ ͷ͵ȌǤ  ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ ‘–Š‡”

’”‘„Ž‡•ƒ••‘…‹ƒ–‡†™‹–Šƒ††‹…–‹‘Ǥ–‡”‡–—•‡”•‡š’‡”‹‡…‡˜ƒ”‹‘—•…Šƒ‰‡•

‘” ‡ˆˆ‡…–• –Šƒ– ‘……—” ‡ƒ…Š ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” —•‡”• ™Š‡ –Š‡› —•‡ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• ‘Ž‹‡

ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘••—…Šƒ••‘…‹ƒŽ‡–™‘”‹‰•‹–‡•ǡ˜‹†‡‘‰ƒ‡•ǡ…Ž‘—†ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘•ǡ

ƒ†‡˜‡‘Ž‹‡‰ƒ„Ž‹‰ȋƒ•ŠǡʹͲͳʹǡ’ͺȌǤ

• ”‡’‘”–‡† ‹ –‡‘Ǥ‘’ƒ•Ǥ…‘ǡ †‘‡•‹ƒ̵• ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ …—””‡–Ž›

”‡ƒ…Š‡•ʹ͸ʹ‹ŽŽ‹‘’‡‘’Ž‡Ǥ‘”‡–ŠƒͷͲ’‡”…‡–‘”ƒ”‘—†ͳͶ͵‹ŽŽ‹‘’‡‘’Ž‡

Šƒ˜‡„‡‡…‘‡…–‡†–‘–Š‡‹–‡”‡––Š”‘—‰Š‘—–ʹͲͳ͹Ǥ……‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡Žƒ–‡•–

”‡’‘”–„›–Š‡†‘‡•‹ƒ–‡”‡–‡”˜‹…‡”‘˜‹†‡”•••‘…‹ƒ–‹‘ȋȌǡ‘•–

‹–‡”‡–—•‡”•ǡƒ•—…Šƒ•͹ʹǤͶͳ’‡”…‡–ǡƒ”‡•–‹ŽŽˆ”‘–Š‡—”„ƒ…‘—‹–›Ǥ–•

—•‡Šƒ•‰‘‡‡˜‡ˆ—”–Š‡”–‘…‘—‹…ƒ–‡ƒ†„—›‰‘‘†•ǡ‘”†‡”–”ƒ•’‘”–ƒ–‹‘ǡ

†‘„—•‹‡••ǡƒ†™‘”ǤŠ‡•’”‡ƒ†‘ˆ–Š‡‹–‡”‡–Šƒ•”‹•‡–‘ƒ‡™–‡”‹

™Š‹…Š™‡‹–‡”ƒ…–Ǥ–Š‡”‡ƒŽ™‘”Ž†ǡ–Š‡’‡‘’Ž‡ƒ”‡‘™ƒ•…‹–‹œ‡•ǡƒ†‹–Š‡

˜‹”–—ƒŽ™‘”Ž†ǡ–Š‡’‡‘’Ž‡ƒ”‡‘™ƒ•‡–‹œ‡•ȋƒ–‹ǡʹͲʹͲǡ’Ǥ͵͵ȌǤ

Š‡™‘”†‡–‹œ‡”‡ˆ‡”•–‘̶…‹–‹œ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹–‡”‡–̶ǤŠ‹•–‡”‹•ˆ‘”‡†

ˆ”‘–™‘™‘”†•ǣ‹–‡”‡–ƒ†…‹–‹œ‡Ǥ‹–‡”‡–†‹…–‹‘ƒ”‹‡•ǡ™‡ˆ‹†–Š‡‘–‹‘

‘ˆƒ‡–‹œ‡ƒ•ƒ’‡”•‘‘”‡–‹–›™Š‘‹•ƒ…–‹˜‡‹‘Ž‹‡…‘—‹–‹‡•‘”‹•ƒ…–‹˜‡

‘ –Š‡ ‹–‡”‡– „› „‡‹‰ ‹˜‘Ž˜‡† ‹ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ˆ‘”—• ‘” •‘…‹ƒŽ ‡†‹ƒǤ Š—•ǡ

‡–‹œ‡• ƒ”‡ ‹–‡”‡– —•‡”• ™Š‘ ƒ”‡ ƒ…–‹˜‡ ‹ …‘—‹…ƒ–‹‰ǡ ‡š’”‡••‹‰

‘’‹‹‘•ǡƒ†…‘ŽŽƒ„‘”ƒ–‹‰‘‹–‡”‡–‡†‹ƒȋ‘Ž‹ǡʹͲͳͺǡ’ǤͳͺͲȌǤ……‘”†‹‰

–‘ ƒ—„‡ ȋͳͻͻ͸Ȍ ̶‡–‹œ‡ ‹• ‘– ƒ ‹–‡”‡– —•‡”ǡ „—– ‡–‹œ‡ ‹• ƒ ™‘”† –‘

†‡•…”‹„‡ƒ›‘‡‘–Š‡‹–‡”‡–™Š‘•—’’‘”–•–Š‡’—„Ž‹…ƒ†…‘ŽŽƒ„‘”ƒ–‡•™‹–Š

–Š‡ ‹–‡”‡– –‘ Š‡Ž’ ƒ‹–ƒ‹ ƒ† ’”‡•‡”˜‡ –Š‡ ‹–‡”‡– ‹–•‡Žˆ̶Ǥ  –Š‹• …ƒ•‡ǡ

ƒ—„‡‰‹˜‡•–Š‡‘’‹‹‘–Šƒ–‡–‹œ‡•ƒ”‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽˆ‘”•™Š‘„‡…‘‡˜‹”–—ƒŽ

™‘”Ž†…‘—‹–‹‡•–Šƒ–Šƒ˜‡ ‘˜‹”–—ƒŽ„‘—†ƒ”‹‡•‹™Š‹…Š‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•…ƒ

…‘—‹…ƒ–‡™‹–Š‘—–ƒ›Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ–Š‹•…ƒ•‡ǡ–Š‡—†‡”Ž›‹‰”‡ƒ•‘‹•–Šƒ–

‡–‹œ‡• ƒ”‡ …‘•‹†‡”‡† ƒ…–‹˜‡ ‹–‡”‡– —•‡”• ‹ …‘—‹…ƒ–‹‰ ƒ† ƒŽ•‘

‡š’”‡••‹‰‘’‹‹‘•ƒ†…‘ŽŽƒ„‘”ƒ–‹‰‹ƒ›ƒ––‡”‘•‘…‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒȋ‘Ž‡ƒǡ ͳͻͻͻȌǤ

Š‡™‘”†‡–‹œ‡‹…›„‡”•’ƒ…‡‹†‘‡•‹ƒ‹•ƒŽ•‘‘ˆ–‡”‡ˆ‡””‡†–‘ƒ•

•‘‡‘‡™Š‘‹•‘•–…‘””‡…–ˆ‘”ƒŽŽŠ‹•…‘‡–•ƒ†‘’‹‹‘•‹ƒ††”‡••‹‰ƒ

’”‘„Ž‡‘”‹••—‡…‹”…—Žƒ–‹‰‹•‘…‹‡–›ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•ƒ”‡‹–‡”‡•–‡†‹

”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‹‰ …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘• ‘” ’ƒ••™‘”†• –Šƒ– ƒ–…Š –Š‡ ™‘”†• ‡–‹œ‡• ‹

†‘‡•‹ƒ‡™•‹ʹͲʹͲǤ‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•–‘‘†ƒ–ƒˆ”‘†‘‡•‹ƒ‡™•‹ʹͲʹͲ …‘–ƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡‡‹’œ‹‰†‘‡•‹ƒ…‘”’—•„‡…ƒ—•‡–Š‡†ƒ–ƒ’”‡•‡–‡†‹…Ž—†‡†

„‹‰†ƒ–ƒǤŠ‡‡‹’œ‹‰‘”’—•‹–•‡Žˆ‹•–Š‡‡™‡•–ƒ†Žƒ”‰‡•–…‘”’—•™‘”ˆ”‘

–Š‡ †‘‡•‹ƒ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ™Š‹…Š …ƒ „‡ •‡‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‘”’‘”ƒ ‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡

‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‡‹’œ‹‰ǤŠ‹•…‘”’—•ǡŠƒ•‘”‡–ŠƒͳǤʹ„‹ŽŽ‹‘™‘”†•Ǥ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‡

‡‹’œ‹‰…‘”’—•†ƒ–ƒ‹–•‡Žˆ‹•‘Ž›–ƒ‡ˆ”‘–Š‡†‘‡•‹ƒŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡‹‘Ž‹‡

‡™•‡†‹ƒǡ™‡„•‹–‡•ǡƒ†‹‹’‡†‹ƒȋ™ƒ”›ǡʹͲͳͷȌǤ

 –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” Šƒ†ǡ …‘”’—• ‘” Ž‹‰—‹•–‹… …‘”’—•Ǧ„ƒ•‡† ƒƒŽ›•‹• ‹• ˜‡”›

”ƒ”‡Ž›•–—†‹‡†Ǥ……‘”†‹‰–‘̵‡‡ˆˆ‡ƒ†…ƒ”–Š›‘”’—•‹‰—‹•–‹…• ȋ‘”’—•‹‰—‹•–‹…Ȍ‹•ƒ‡–Š‘†–‘ƒƒŽ›œ‡Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡’ƒ––‡”•ˆ”‘Žƒ”‰‡†ƒ–ƒ

•‡–• ‡’‹”‹…ƒŽŽ›Ǥ ‡ƒ™Š‹Ž‡ǡ œ”‡…•ƒ›‹ †‡ˆ‹‡• ƒlinguistic corpusƒ• ƒ

‡–Š‘†‘Ž‘‰› –Šƒ– ”‡ˆ‡”• –‘ ƒ ‘”‡ ‘” Ž‡•• ƒ–—”ƒŽ‹•–‹… …‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘ ‘ˆ –‡š–• –‘

’‡”ˆ‘”Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…ƒƒŽ›•‹•ȋœ”‡…•ƒ›‹ǡʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ…‡”›ƒ†ƒ”†‹‡̵•…‘”’—•

Neng Sumiyati, Ely Fauziyah, Abdul Basid

Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…•‹•ƒŽ•‘†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ•ƒ•‡–‘ˆ•–—†‹‡•‹–Š‡ˆ‘”ƒ†ˆ—…–‹‘‘ˆŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡

–Šƒ–…‘„‹‡•…‘’—–‡”‹œ‡†…‘”’‘”ƒ‹ƒƒŽ›•‹•Ǥ‘”’—•Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…•ƒŽ•‘ˆ‘…—•‡•

‘‡š–‡•‹˜‡‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…†ƒ–ƒ…ƒŽŽ‡†…‘”’‘”ƒ‘”†ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•ȋƒ”–•‡–Ǥ‡…ǡʹͲʹͳȌǤ

‡‰ƒ”†‹‰…‘”’—•Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…•ǡ™Š‹…Š‹•ƒŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‡–Š‘†ǡ–Š‹••–—†›

—•‡• …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ –Š‡‘”› –‘ ƒƒŽ›œ‡ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ †ƒ–ƒ …‘–ƒ‹‡† ‹ –Š‡ …‘”’—•Ǥ

Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ–Š‹••–—†›ƒ‹•–‘†‡•…”‹„‡–Š‡…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡™‘”†•‹–Š‡

ʹͲʹʹ†‘‡•‹ƒ‡™•…‘–ƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡‡‹’œ‹‰‘”’‘”ƒ‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘Ǥ

LITERATURE REVIEW Corpus linguistics

‘”’—• Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…• ‹• ƒ ‡–Š‘† ‘ˆ ˆ‹†‹‰ ‡ƒ‹‰ ˆ”‘ ™‘”†• ƒ†

’Š”ƒ•‡• –‘ ‹˜‘Ž˜‡ Žƒ”‰‡ ƒ‘—–• ‘ˆ –‡š– ƒ† –Š‡ ˆ—…–‹‘‹‰ ‘ˆ …‘’—–‡”Ǧ

ƒ••‹•–‡††‡˜‹…‡•–‘ƒƒŽ›œ‡†ƒ–ƒȋ…‡”›Ƭƒ”†‹‡ǡʹͲͳʹȌǤ‘”’—•Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…•

ƒŽ•‘ˆ‘…—•‡•‘’”‘…‡†—”‡•‘”‡–Š‘†•‘ˆƒƒŽ›œ‹‰Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡Ǧ„ƒ•‡†•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡

ȋ…ƒ”–Š› Ƭ Ͳ̵‡‡ ‡ǡ ʹͲͳͲȌǡ ™Š‹…Š ‹• –Š‡ „ƒ•‹… ˆ‘—†ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ …‘”’—•

Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…•ˆ‘…—•‡•‹‰‘–Š‡•–—†›‘ˆŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡—•‡ǤŠ‡‘„•‡”˜‡††ƒ–ƒ…ƒ„‡‹

–Š‡ˆ‘”‘ˆ•’‘‡ƒ†™”‹––‡†ƒ–ƒǡ™Š‹…Š‹•’”‘…‡••‡†ǡƒƒŽ›œ‡†—•‹‰…‘”’—•

•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ ƒ† †‡•…”‹„‡† —•‹‰ ƒ Ž‹‰—‹•–‹… ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Šǡ ƒ† †‡•…”‹„‡† —•‹‰ –Š‡

…‘”’—••‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ˆ‘”•’‡…‹ˆ‹…’‘‹–•‘ˆ˜‹‡™‘”‰‘ƒŽ•ȋ…ƒ”–Š›ƬͲ̵‡‡ ‡ǡ ʹͲͳͲȌǤ

”ƒœ‹Ž ȋͳͻͻͷȌ †‡ˆ‹‡•ƒ …‘”’—•ƒ• ƒ …‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘ ‘ˆ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡• —•‡†Ǥ Š‡

‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ̵Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡••’‘‡̵‹•ƒŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡–Šƒ–Šƒ•‘……—””‡†‹…‹”…—•–ƒ…‡•

™Š‡”‡–Š‡•’‡ƒ‡”‹•‘™–‘†‘•‘‡–Š‹‰‘”‡–Šƒ•Š‘™‹‰Š‘™–Š‡•›•–‡

™‘”•ǤŠ‹•†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‹•Š‡Ž’ˆ—Ž„‡…ƒ—•‡‹–ˆ‘…—•‡•‘–Š‡ˆƒ…––Šƒ–Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡‹

–Š‡…‘”’—•‘……—”•ƒ–—”ƒŽŽ›Ǥ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ™‡‡‡†–‘‘–‡–Šƒ––Š‡…‘”’—•‹•‘–Œ—•–

ƒ…‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘‘ˆŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•–Šƒ–ƒ”‹•‡ƒ–—”ƒŽŽ›‹–Š‡ˆ‘”‘ˆ‹•‘Žƒ–‡†™‘”†•‘”

•‡–‡…‡•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡…‘ŽŽ‡…–‡†”ƒ†‘Ž›ǡ„—–‹–…‘•‹•–•‘ˆ•’‘‡ƒ†‘”™”‹––‡

–‡š–•ȋ–Š‡™‘”†–‡š–‹…‘”’—•Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…•‹•—•‡†–‘”‡ˆ‡”–‘•’‘‡ƒ†™”‹––‡

Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡Ȍȋ‹‹•ǡʹͲͳͷȌǤ

‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‹•ƒ‘”ƒŽ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’„‡–™‡‡™‘”†•‹‘‡Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ƒ†

…‡”–ƒ‹‘–Š‡”™‘”†•ȋƒ”ǡʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ‡ƒ™Š‹Ž‡ǡƒ––‹‰‡”ƒ†‡ƒ””‹…‘ȋͳͻͻʹȌ

†‡ˆ‹‡…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ƒ•ƒ•‡”‹‡•‘ˆ™‘”†•–Šƒ–•‡‡–‘Šƒ˜‡–Š‡’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–›–Šƒ––Š‡

•‡“—‡…‡‘ˆ™‘”†•™‹ŽŽƒ’’‡ƒ”–‘‰‡–Š‡”‹ƒ›–‡š–Ǥ

 –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” Šƒ†ǡ ”‹†ƒŽƒ•ƒƒ ƒŽ•‘ •–ƒ–‡† –Šƒ– …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ƒ …‘–‹—‘—•‘”’‡”ƒ‡–”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ƒ†’ƒ‹”‹‰‘ˆƒ™‘”†ȋ‹‹†ƒ›ƒ–—ŽŽƒŠǡ ʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ ‡ƒ™Š‹Ž‡ǡ ƒ……‘”†‹‰ –‘ ƒ”•‘ǡ …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ƒ …‘†‹–‹‘ ‹ ™Š‹…Š ƒ

™‘”†™‹ŽŽƒ’’‡ƒ”‹…‘•–”—…–‹‘™‹–Š‘–Š‡”™‘”†•ȋͳͻͺͶȌǤ‹‡™‹•‡‡ƒ†‡ˆ‹‡•

…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ƒ•™‘”†•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡…‘„‹‡†‹ƒŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡–‘’”‘†—…‡’—”‡™”‹–‹‰

ȋʹͲͲʹȌǤ  –Š‹•…ƒ•‡ǡ ‹†ƒ ȋ‹ ”‹ˆ‹ ʹͲͲͺȌ †‡•…”‹„‡• –Š‡ –›’‡• ‘ˆ …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ……‘”†‹‰–‘‹†ƒǡ–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡–™‘–›’‡•‘ˆ…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ǡƒ‡Ž›‘—Ϊƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡

…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ȋΪȌƒ†ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡Ϊ‘—…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ȋΪȌǤ

Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…•‹•ƒŽ•‘†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ•ƒ•‡–‘ˆ•–—†‹‡•‹–Š‡ˆ‘”ƒ†ˆ—…–‹‘‘ˆŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡

–Šƒ–…‘„‹‡•…‘’—–‡”‹œ‡†…‘”’‘”ƒ‹ƒƒŽ›•‹•Ǥ‘”’—•Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…•ƒŽ•‘ˆ‘…—•‡•

‘‡š–‡•‹˜‡‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…†ƒ–ƒ…ƒŽŽ‡†…‘”’‘”ƒ‘”†ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•ȋƒ”–•‡–Ǥ‡…ǡʹͲʹͳȌǤ

‡‰ƒ”†‹‰…‘”’—•Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…•ǡ™Š‹…Š‹•ƒŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‡–Š‘†ǡ–Š‹••–—†›

—•‡• …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ –Š‡‘”› –‘ ƒƒŽ›œ‡ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ †ƒ–ƒ …‘–ƒ‹‡† ‹ –Š‡ …‘”’—•Ǥ

Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ–Š‹••–—†›ƒ‹•–‘†‡•…”‹„‡–Š‡…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡™‘”†•‹–Š‡

ʹͲʹʹ†‘‡•‹ƒ‡™•…‘–ƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡‡‹’œ‹‰‘”’‘”ƒ‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘Ǥ

LITERATURE REVIEW Corpus linguistics

‘”’—• Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…• ‹• ƒ ‡–Š‘† ‘ˆ ˆ‹†‹‰ ‡ƒ‹‰ ˆ”‘ ™‘”†• ƒ†

’Š”ƒ•‡• –‘ ‹˜‘Ž˜‡ Žƒ”‰‡ ƒ‘—–• ‘ˆ –‡š– ƒ† –Š‡ ˆ—…–‹‘‹‰ ‘ˆ …‘’—–‡”Ǧ

ƒ••‹•–‡††‡˜‹…‡•–‘ƒƒŽ›œ‡†ƒ–ƒȋ…‡”›Ƭƒ”†‹‡ǡʹͲͳʹȌǤ‘”’—•Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…•

ƒŽ•‘ˆ‘…—•‡•‘’”‘…‡†—”‡•‘”‡–Š‘†•‘ˆƒƒŽ›œ‹‰Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡Ǧ„ƒ•‡†•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡

ȋ…ƒ”–Š› Ƭ Ͳ̵‡‡ ‡ǡ ʹͲͳͲȌǡ ™Š‹…Š ‹• –Š‡ „ƒ•‹… ˆ‘—†ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ …‘”’—•

Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…•ˆ‘…—•‡•‹‰‘–Š‡•–—†›‘ˆŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡—•‡ǤŠ‡‘„•‡”˜‡††ƒ–ƒ…ƒ„‡‹

–Š‡ˆ‘”‘ˆ•’‘‡ƒ†™”‹––‡†ƒ–ƒǡ™Š‹…Š‹•’”‘…‡••‡†ǡƒƒŽ›œ‡†—•‹‰…‘”’—•

•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ ƒ† †‡•…”‹„‡† —•‹‰ ƒ Ž‹‰—‹•–‹… ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Šǡ ƒ† †‡•…”‹„‡† —•‹‰ –Š‡

…‘”’—••‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ˆ‘”•’‡…‹ˆ‹…’‘‹–•‘ˆ˜‹‡™‘”‰‘ƒŽ•ȋ…ƒ”–Š›ƬͲ̵‡‡ ‡ǡ ʹͲͳͲȌǤ

”ƒœ‹Ž ȋͳͻͻͷȌ †‡ˆ‹‡•ƒ …‘”’—•ƒ• ƒ …‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘ ‘ˆ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡• —•‡†Ǥ Š‡

‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ̵Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡••’‘‡̵‹•ƒŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡–Šƒ–Šƒ•‘……—””‡†‹…‹”…—•–ƒ…‡•

™Š‡”‡–Š‡•’‡ƒ‡”‹•‘™–‘†‘•‘‡–Š‹‰‘”‡–Šƒ•Š‘™‹‰Š‘™–Š‡•›•–‡

™‘”•ǤŠ‹•†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‹•Š‡Ž’ˆ—Ž„‡…ƒ—•‡‹–ˆ‘…—•‡•‘–Š‡ˆƒ…––Šƒ–Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡‹

–Š‡…‘”’—•‘……—”•ƒ–—”ƒŽŽ›Ǥ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ™‡‡‡†–‘‘–‡–Šƒ––Š‡…‘”’—•‹•‘–Œ—•–

ƒ…‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘‘ˆŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•–Šƒ–ƒ”‹•‡ƒ–—”ƒŽŽ›‹–Š‡ˆ‘”‘ˆ‹•‘Žƒ–‡†™‘”†•‘”

•‡–‡…‡•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡…‘ŽŽ‡…–‡†”ƒ†‘Ž›ǡ„—–‹–…‘•‹•–•‘ˆ•’‘‡ƒ†‘”™”‹––‡

–‡š–•ȋ–Š‡™‘”†–‡š–‹…‘”’—•Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…•‹•—•‡†–‘”‡ˆ‡”–‘•’‘‡ƒ†™”‹––‡

Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡Ȍȋ‹‹•ǡʹͲͳͷȌǤ

‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‹•ƒ‘”ƒŽ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’„‡–™‡‡™‘”†•‹‘‡Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ƒ†

…‡”–ƒ‹‘–Š‡”™‘”†•ȋƒ”ǡʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ‡ƒ™Š‹Ž‡ǡƒ––‹‰‡”ƒ†‡ƒ””‹…‘ȋͳͻͻʹȌ

†‡ˆ‹‡…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ƒ•ƒ•‡”‹‡•‘ˆ™‘”†•–Šƒ–•‡‡–‘Šƒ˜‡–Š‡’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–›–Šƒ––Š‡

•‡“—‡…‡‘ˆ™‘”†•™‹ŽŽƒ’’‡ƒ”–‘‰‡–Š‡”‹ƒ›–‡š–Ǥ

 –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” Šƒ†ǡ ”‹†ƒŽƒ•ƒƒ ƒŽ•‘ •–ƒ–‡† –Šƒ– …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ƒ …‘–‹—‘—•‘”’‡”ƒ‡–”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ƒ†’ƒ‹”‹‰‘ˆƒ™‘”†ȋ‹‹†ƒ›ƒ–—ŽŽƒŠǡ ʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ ‡ƒ™Š‹Ž‡ǡ ƒ……‘”†‹‰ –‘ ƒ”•‘ǡ …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ƒ …‘†‹–‹‘ ‹ ™Š‹…Š ƒ

™‘”†™‹ŽŽƒ’’‡ƒ”‹…‘•–”—…–‹‘™‹–Š‘–Š‡”™‘”†•ȋͳͻͺͶȌǤ‹‡™‹•‡‡ƒ†‡ˆ‹‡•

…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ƒ•™‘”†•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡…‘„‹‡†‹ƒŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡–‘’”‘†—…‡’—”‡™”‹–‹‰

ȋʹͲͲʹȌǤ  –Š‹•…ƒ•‡ǡ ‹†ƒ ȋ‹ ”‹ˆ‹ ʹͲͲͺȌ †‡•…”‹„‡• –Š‡ –›’‡• ‘ˆ …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ……‘”†‹‰–‘‹†ƒǡ–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡–™‘–›’‡•‘ˆ…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ǡƒ‡Ž›‘—Ϊƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡

…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ȋΪȌƒ†ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡Ϊ‘—…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ȋΪȌǤ

METHOD

Š‹•”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‹•ƒ…‘”’—•Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…•”‡•‡ƒ”…Š„‡…ƒ—•‡‹–—•‡•–Š‡…‘”’—•ƒ•

ƒ –‘‘Ž ‘ˆ ƒƒŽ›•‹•Ǥ ……‘”†‹‰ –‘ ̵‡‡ˆˆ‡ ƒ† …ƒ”–Š› ‘”’—• ‹‰—‹•–‹…• ȋ‘”’—•‹‰—‹•–‹…•Ȍ‹•ƒ‡–Š‘†ˆ‘”ƒƒŽ›œ‹‰Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡‡’‹”‹…ƒŽŽ›„›Ž‘‘‹‰

ƒ–Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡’ƒ––‡”•ˆ”‘Žƒ”‰‡†ƒ–ƒ•‡–•ǤŠ‡…‘”’—•—•‡†‹–Š‹••–—†›‹•–Š‡

†‘‡•‹ƒ‘”’—•‡‹’œ‹‰ȋ—Ž‹ƒ™ƒ–‹ǡʹͲͳͶȌǤ”‹‡•ȋʹͲͳͶȌƒ”‰—‡•–Šƒ–…‘”’—•

Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…•‹–Š‡•‡•‡‘ˆ™‘”†•„ƒ•‡†‘—•ƒ‰‡‹•–Š‡•…‹‡…‡‘ˆ†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘Ǥ

—ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡Ž‹‰—‹•–‹……‘”’—•—•—ƒŽŽ›ˆ‘…—•‡•‘–Š‡ˆ”‡“—‡…›‘ˆ‘……—””‡…‡

–Š”‘—‰ŠƒŽ‹•–‘ˆˆ”‡“—‡…‹‡•ǡ…‘…‘”†ƒ…‡ǡ•‹œ‡‘ˆ†‹•’‡”•‹‘ǡƒ†ˆ”‡“—‡…›‘ˆ

‘……—””‡…‡ǤŽŽŽ‹‰—‹•–•ƒ‹ƒ–•‘‡ˆ‘”‘ˆ‰‡‡”ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘ǡ„—–‘–ƒŽŽ‘ˆ–Š‡

‡‰ƒ‰‡‹•‘‡ˆ‘”‘ˆ“—ƒ–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘–‘ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ–Š‹•‰‘ƒŽǤŠ‹•‡ƒ•™‡…ƒ—•‡

–Š‡…‘”’—•„‘–Š“—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡Ž›ƒ†“—ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡…‘”’—•ƒƒŽ›•‹•ƒ›

…‘•‹•–‘ˆˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‰Š›’‘–Š‡•‡•ƒ†–‡•–‹‰–Š‡„›Ž‘‘‹‰ˆ‘”’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ”‹˜ƒŽ

•ƒ’Ž‡• ‹ –Š‡ …‘”’—•Ǥ – …ƒ ƒŽ•‘ …‘•‹•– ‘ˆ —•‹‰ –Š‡ …‘”’—• –‘ ”‡ˆ‹‡ –Š‡

Š›’‘–Š‡•‹•ƒ–•‘‡•–ƒ‰‡ȋ‡•ƒ‰—Ž‹‡”ǡʹͲͳ͹Ȍ

Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡–Š‘†—•‡† ‹ –Š‹••–—†›‹•ƒ ‹šǦ‡–Š‘†Ǥ ……‘”†‹‰ –‘

ƒ•Šƒ‘”‹ƒ†‡††Ž‹‡ǡ‹š‡†”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‹•ƒ‰‡‡”ƒŽ–›’‡‘ˆ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‹™Š‹…Š–Š‡

‡–Š‘†•ǡ –‡…Š‹“—‡•ǡ ‘” …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…• ‘ˆ –Š‡ “—ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ† “—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡

’ƒ”ƒ†‹‰•ƒ”‡‹š‡†‹‘‡‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ•–—†›ȋ‹—•—ˆǡʹͲͳͷȌǤ›—•‹‰–Š‹•ǡ–Š‡

”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”…‘„‹‡•“—ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ†“—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‡–Š‘†•Ǥ‘Ž‡•Ƭ

‡›‡”Š‘ˆˆƒ”‰—‡–Šƒ––Š‹•…‘„‹‡†‡–Š‘†—•‡•’ƒ––‡”•‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†–Š”‘—‰Š

“—ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•ƒ•ƒ‡••‡–‹ƒŽ„ƒ•‹•ˆ‘”‹–‡”’”‡–‹‰–Š‡–‡š–“—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡Ž›

‹‘”‡†‡–ƒ‹Žȋ‘Ž‡•Ƭ‡›‡”Š‘ˆˆǡʹͲͳͲǡ’Ǥ͵ʹȌǤ”‡Žƒ–‹‘–‘…‘”’—•Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…

”‡•‡ƒ”…Šǡ™ƒ”›ƒ†”—•–ƒ–‡†–Šƒ–…‘”’—•Ž‹‰—‹•–‹…”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡‡†•–‘—•‡ƒ

‹šǦ‡–Š‘†„‡…ƒ—•‡•–ƒ–‹•–‹…ƒŽ†ƒ–ƒ‘„–ƒ‹‡†ˆ”‘…‘”’—•ƒƒŽ›•‹•‡‡†•–‘„‡

‹–‡”’”‡–‡†ˆ—”–Š‡”—•‹‰“—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡…‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘•ȋ™ƒ”›ƒ†”—ǡʹͲͳͳǡ’Ǥ ʹͳ͵ȌǤ

Š‡†ƒ–ƒˆ‘”–Š‹•”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‹•–Š‡ʹͲʹͲ‡™•…‘–ƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡†‘‡•‹ƒ

…‘”’—• ‡‹’œ‹‰ ™Š‹…Š …‘–ƒ‹• ͳͳ͸ǡ͹͹͵ǡʹͻ͵ ™‘”†•ǡ ͻͷͻǡʹ͸ͺ –›’‡•ǡ ƒ†

͹ǡ͵͵ͷǡ͵Ͳͻ•‡–‡…‡•ǤŠ‡ˆ‘…—•‘ˆ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‹•–Š‡…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘†ƒ–ƒ‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡•

™Š‹…Šƒ”‡…‘—’Ž‡†™‹–Šƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•Ǥ–Š‹••–—†›ǡ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•—•‡†ƒ™‡„…‘”’—•

…ƒŽŽ‡†–Š‡‡‹’œ‹‰‘”’‘”ƒ‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘ǤŠ‹•™‡„•‹–‡…‘–ƒ‹•†ƒ–ƒˆ”‘–Š‡ʹͲʹͲ

†‘‡•‹ƒ‡™•…‘”’—•ǤŠ‹•™‡„•‹–‡…ƒ‹†‡–‹ˆ›™‘”†’ƒ––‡”•‹–Š‡‡™•

’—„Ž‹•Š‡†‹–Š‡…‘”’—•„›—•‹‰–Š‡™‘”†•‡ƒ”…Šˆ‡ƒ–—”‡ǡ–Š‡ˆ”‘–Š‡™‘”†ǡ

•‡˜‡”ƒŽ •—„Ǧ…Šƒ’–‡”• ™‹ŽŽ ƒ’’‡ƒ”ǡ ƒ‡Ž› ͳȌ ™‘”†• ™‹–Š •‹‹Žƒ” …‘–‡š–ǡ ʹȌ

‡šƒ’Ž‡•ǡ͵Ȍ™‘”†•‘……—””‹‰‹–Š‡•ƒ‡•‡–‡…‡ǡͶȌ‡‹‰Š„‘”…‘Ǧ‘……—””‡…‡

Ž‡ˆ–ƒ†”‹‰Š–ǡƒ†ͷȌ™‘”†‰”ƒ’ŠǤ

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

Š‹••–—†›ƒ‹‡†–‘†‡•…”‹„‡–Š‡…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡™‘”†•‹–Š‡ʹͲʹͲ

†‘‡•‹ƒ ‡™• …‘”’—• ™Š‹…Š –Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”• –‘‘ ‹ –Š‡ ‡‹’œ‹‰ ‘”’‘”ƒ

‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘Ǥƒ•‡†‘†ƒ–ƒˆ”‘–Š‡†‘‡•‹ƒ‡™•‘”’—•‹ʹͲʹͲǡ–Š‡”‡™‡”‡

ͳͳ͸ǡ͹͹͵ǡʹͻ͵–‘‡•ƒ†ͻͷͻǡʹ͸ͺ–›’‡•ǤŠ‡ˆ”‡“—‡…›‘ˆ‘……—””‡…‡‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”†

‡–‹œ‡‹–Š‹•…‘”’—•‹•ƒ•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•ǣ

Neng Sumiyati, Ely Fauziyah, Abdul Basid

ƒ„Ž‡ͳǤͳ–Š‡ˆ”‡“—‡…›‘ˆ‘……—””‡…‡‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”†‡–‹œ‡

Lexeme Frequency of

occurrence Rank Frequency class

‡–‹œ‡ ͳͳǡͲʹͺ ͳǡͶͻ͵ ͺ

ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡–ƒ„Ž‡ƒ„‘˜‡ǡ–Š‡ˆ”‡“—‡…›‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡‹–Š‡†‘‡•‹ƒ‡™•

…‘”’—•‹ʹͲʹͲƒ‘—–‡†–‘ͳͳǡͲʹͺǤŠ‡–Š‡‡–‹œ‡”ƒ‡†ͳǡͶͻ͵ǡ™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡

‡–‹œ‡‘……—’‹‡†–Š‡…Žƒ••ˆ”‡“—‡…›ƒ–ͺ–Š’Žƒ…‡Ǥ…‘”’—•ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǡ‹ˆ–Š‡…Žƒ••

ˆ”‡“—‡…›‹•Š‹‰Š‡”ǡ–Š‡™‘”†•Šƒ˜‡ƒŽ‘™‡”ˆ”‡“—‡…›‘–Š‡”™‹•‡‹ˆƒ™‘”†Šƒ•ƒ

Ž‘™‡”…Žƒ••ˆ”‡“—‡…›ǡ‹–‡ƒ•–Šƒ––Š‡ˆ”‡“—‡…›‘ˆ‘……—””‡…‡‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”†Šƒ•

ƒŠ‹‰Š‡”ˆ”‡“—‡…›Ǥ

‡ˆ‡””‹‰–‘–Š‡ˆ‘…—•‘ˆ–Š‹•”‡•‡ƒ”…Šǡ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”ˆ‘—†ʹ…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘

…‘–‡š–•‹–Š‡‡‹’œ‹‰‘”’‘”ƒ‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘™Š‹…Šƒ”‡•‹†‡„›•‹†‡™‹–Š–Š‡™‘”†

‡–‹œ‡ǡƒ‡Ž›–Š‡ˆ‹”•–‡ˆ–‡‹‰Š„‘—”‘‘……—””‡…‡•ȋŽ‡ˆ–…‘–‡š–…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘Ȍ

ƒ†‹‰Š–‡‹‰Š„‘—”‘‘……—””‡…‡•ȋ”‹‰Š–…‘–‡š–…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ȌǤ–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ

–Š‹•†‹•…—••‹‘ǡ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”†‹˜‹†‡•–Š‡–›’‡‘ˆ…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡‹–‘–™‘

•—„Ǧ…Šƒ’–‡”•™Š‹…Š–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•—ƒ”‹œ‡•‹–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–ƒ„Ž‡ǣ

ƒ„Ž‡ͳǤʹ–Š‡ˆ”‡“—‡…›‘ˆ…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡•̵ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•

Lexeme Collocation

context Adjective Frequency adjective

Netizen

‡ˆ–

Ž‘–Ž‹–Ž‡

š…‹–‡†

‰”›š…Žƒ‹

‹…‡†

‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡

”‘™†‡†

‡”›ˆ—›

—”‹‘—•

—††‡Ž›

†‘”ƒ„Ž‡

—›

Š‘…‡†

ͳǡͻͷͶ Ͷ͸ͻ͵Ͳͻ

͹͹͸͸

ͷʹͶ͵

Ͷͳ͵ͺ ʹͺʹʹ ʹͳͳͳ ͸ǡͶ

‹‰Š–

—”‹‘—•

š…‹–‡†

†‘”ƒ„Ž‡

˜› —”‹‘—•

ƒ‰—‘‘–‹‘

ƒ”…ƒ•–‹…

ʹͻ͸ʹʹͻ ͳͺʹͳͶͺ ͳʹ͹ͺͲ

͸ͲͶͶ

ƒ„Ž‡ͳǤͳ–Š‡ˆ”‡“—‡…›‘ˆ‘……—””‡…‡‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”†‡–‹œ‡

Lexeme Frequency of

occurrence Rank Frequency class

‡–‹œ‡ ͳͳǡͲʹͺ ͳǡͶͻ͵ ͺ

ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡–ƒ„Ž‡ƒ„‘˜‡ǡ–Š‡ˆ”‡“—‡…›‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡‹–Š‡†‘‡•‹ƒ‡™•

…‘”’—•‹ʹͲʹͲƒ‘—–‡†–‘ͳͳǡͲʹͺǤŠ‡–Š‡‡–‹œ‡”ƒ‡†ͳǡͶͻ͵ǡ™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡

‡–‹œ‡‘……—’‹‡†–Š‡…Žƒ••ˆ”‡“—‡…›ƒ–ͺ–Š’Žƒ…‡Ǥ…‘”’—•ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǡ‹ˆ–Š‡…Žƒ••

ˆ”‡“—‡…›‹•Š‹‰Š‡”ǡ–Š‡™‘”†•Šƒ˜‡ƒŽ‘™‡”ˆ”‡“—‡…›‘–Š‡”™‹•‡‹ˆƒ™‘”†Šƒ•ƒ

Ž‘™‡”…Žƒ••ˆ”‡“—‡…›ǡ‹–‡ƒ•–Šƒ––Š‡ˆ”‡“—‡…›‘ˆ‘……—””‡…‡‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”†Šƒ•

ƒŠ‹‰Š‡”ˆ”‡“—‡…›Ǥ

‡ˆ‡””‹‰–‘–Š‡ˆ‘…—•‘ˆ–Š‹•”‡•‡ƒ”…Šǡ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”ˆ‘—†ʹ…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘

…‘–‡š–•‹–Š‡‡‹’œ‹‰‘”’‘”ƒ‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘™Š‹…Šƒ”‡•‹†‡„›•‹†‡™‹–Š–Š‡™‘”†

‡–‹œ‡ǡƒ‡Ž›–Š‡ˆ‹”•–‡ˆ–‡‹‰Š„‘—”‘‘……—””‡…‡•ȋŽ‡ˆ–…‘–‡š–…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘Ȍ

ƒ†‹‰Š–‡‹‰Š„‘—”‘‘……—””‡…‡•ȋ”‹‰Š–…‘–‡š–…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ȌǤ–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ

–Š‹•†‹•…—••‹‘ǡ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”†‹˜‹†‡•–Š‡–›’‡‘ˆ…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡‹–‘–™‘

•—„Ǧ…Šƒ’–‡”•™Š‹…Š–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•—ƒ”‹œ‡•‹–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–ƒ„Ž‡ǣ

ƒ„Ž‡ͳǤʹ–Š‡ˆ”‡“—‡…›‘ˆ…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡•̵ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•

Lexeme Collocation

context Adjective Frequency adjective

Netizen

‡ˆ–

Ž‘–Ž‹–Ž‡

š…‹–‡†

‰”›š…Žƒ‹

‹…‡†

‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡

”‘™†‡†

‡”›ˆ—›

—”‹‘—•

—††‡Ž›

†‘”ƒ„Ž‡

—›

Š‘…‡†

ͳǡͻͷͶ Ͷ͸ͻ͵Ͳͻ

͹͹͸͸

ͷʹͶ͵

Ͷͳ͵ͺ ʹͺʹʹ ʹͳͳͳ ͸ǡͶ

‹‰Š–

—”‹‘—•

š…‹–‡†

†‘”ƒ„Ž‡

˜› —”‹‘—•

ƒ‰—‘‘–‹‘

ƒ”…ƒ•–‹…

ʹͻ͸ʹʹͻ ͳͺʹͳͶͺ ͳʹ͹ͺͲ

͸ͲͶͶ

—”’”‹•‡†

ƒœ‡†

—•’‡…–

‘…‡”‡†

‘””‹‡†

͵Ͳʹͺ ͳ͸ͳͳ ͸ǡ͸

ƒ•‡†‘ –Š‡ –ƒ„Ž‡ǡ ™‡ …ƒ‹–‡”’”‡– –Šƒ– ”‡ˆ‡””‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ ˆ”‡“—‡…› ‘ˆ

‘……—””‡…‡‘ˆŽ‡ˆ–…‘–‡š–ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘•‹‡–‹œ‡™‘”†‘ˆ–‡…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‡•

™‹–Šƒ›„‡…ƒ—•‡–Š‡ˆ”‡“—‡…›‘ˆ‘……—””‡…‡‹•ͳǡͻͷͶǡ™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘

‘ˆ ‡–‹œ‡ ‹• ˜‡”› Ž‹––Ž‡ …‘—’Ž‡† ™‹–Š •Š‘…‡† „‡…ƒ—•‡ –Š‡ ˆ”‡“—‡…› ‘ˆ ‹–•

‘……—””‡…‡‹•‘Ž›͸ǡͶǤ‡ƒ™Š‹Ž‡ǡ–Š‡…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ”‹‰Š–…‘–‡š–ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•‹

–Š‡ ™‘”† ‡–‹œ‡ ‘ˆ–‡ …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‡• ™‹–Š …—”‹‘—• „‡…ƒ—•‡ –Š‡ ˆ”‡“—‡…› ‘ˆ ‹–•

‘……—””‡…‡‹•ʹͻ͸ǡ™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡‹•˜‡”›Ž‹––Ž‡…‘—’Ž‡†™‹–Š

™‘””›„‡…ƒ—•‡–Š‡ˆ”‡“—‡…›‘ˆ‹–•‘……—””‡…‡‹•‘Ž›͸Ǥ͸Ǥ

…‘‡…–‹‘™‹–Š–Š‡ˆ‹†‹‰•‘ˆ–Š‡†ƒ–ƒƒ„‘˜‡ǡ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”†‹˜‹†‡•

–Š‡ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡‹–‘–™‘•—„Ǧ…Šƒ’–‡”•ǡ–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡ͳȌƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡

ڐ‘—…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ƒ†ʹȌ‘—Ϊƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡Ǥ‡”‡‹•–Š‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ǣ Collocation of noun + adjective

‘—• ƒ”‡ ƒ …Žƒ•• ‘ˆ ™‘”†• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡ ƒ††”‡••‡† –‘ ‘„Œ‡…–• ‘” „‘†‹‡• ‘”

•‘‡–Š‹‰ ƒ‹ƒ–‡ –Šƒ– ‹• •’‡…‹ƒŽ ‘” ‰‡‡”ƒŽǤ Š‹Ž‡ ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡• ƒ”‡ ƒ …Žƒ•• ‘ˆ

™‘”†• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡ —•—ƒŽŽ› ƒ††‡† –‘ ‘—• –Šƒ– ‹†‹…ƒ–‡ •—„•–ƒ…‡ǡ –‘ ‹†‹…ƒ–‡

“—ƒŽ‹–›‘”“—ƒ–‹–›ȋ”‹†ƒŽƒ•ƒƒǡʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ‘—Ϊƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‹•ƒ™‘”†

’ƒ‹”‹‰„‡–™‡‡ƒ‘—…Žƒ••–Šƒ–‹••‹†‡„›•‹†‡™‹–Šƒƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡Ǥ‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘

Šƒ• –™‘ ‡ƒ‹‰•ǡ ƒ‡Ž› †‘‘–ƒ–‹˜‡ ‡ƒ‹‰ ƒ† ‡–ƒ’Š‘”‹…ƒŽ ‡ƒ‹‰

ȋ”‹ˆ‹ƒ†—ƒ‹›ƒŠǡʹͲͲͺȌǤ–Š‹••–—†›ǡ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•ˆ‘—††ƒ–ƒ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ––‘

…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ –Š‡‘”› „ƒ•‡† ‘ ‹†ƒ̵• ’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡Ǥ ‡Ž‘™ ‹• –Š‡ †ƒ–ƒ ‘ –Š‡

…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‡–‹œ‡ ™‘”†• ‹ –Š‡ ʹͲʹͲ †‘‡•‹ƒ ‡™• …‘–ƒ‹‡† ‹ –Š‡

Ž‡‹’œ‹‰…‘”’—•ǣ

ƒ„Ž‡ͳǤ͵‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡™‘”†•‹–Š‡”‹‰Š–…‘–‡š–

Lexeme Collocation

type Collocation

context Adjective Frequency adjective

Netizen Noun+

adjective

‹‰Š–

—”‹‘—•

’‹ƒ”•

š…‹–‡†

˜› —”‹‘—•

’”‡••‡†

‘‘…ƒ–‹‘

ƒ”…ƒ•–‹…

—”’”‹•‡†

ƒœ‡†

ʹͻ͸ʹʹͻ ͳͺʹͳͶͺ ͳʹ͹ͺͲ

͸ͲͶͶ

͵Ͳʹͺ

Neng Sumiyati, Ely Fauziyah, Abdul Basid

—•’‡…–

‘…‡”‡†

‘””›

ͳ͸ͳͳ

͸ǡ͸

‡ˆ‡””‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ –ƒ„Ž‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ǡ ‹– ‹• ˆ‘—† –Šƒ– –Š‡ …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ –›’‡• ‘ˆ

‘—Ϊƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•‹–Š‡‡‹’œ‹‰…‘”’—•ƒ”‡ˆ‘—†ƒŽ‘‰™‹–Š–Š‡‹”ˆ”‡“—‡…›‘ˆ

‘……—””‡…‡Ǥ‡”‡‹•–Š‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‹†‡–ƒ‹Žǣ

Š‡ ˆ‹”•– –›’‡ ‘ˆ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡” ˆ‘—† –Š‡ –›’‡ ‘ˆ …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘—•

ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡† „› •‡ƒ–‹… Ϊ Š—ƒǡ Ϊ …‘…”‡–‡ǡ Ϊ —„‡”Ȍ Ϊ ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡

ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›•‡ƒ–‹…Ϊ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Ȁƒ…–‹‘Ȍ…‘–ƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡Ž‡‹’œ‹‰…‘”’—•Ǥ

‡”‡‹•–Š‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ǣ ȋͳȌ —”‹‘—•

ȋʹȌ —•’‹…‹‘—•

Š‡†ƒ–ƒƒ„‘˜‡ˆ‘—†–Šƒ––Š‡™‘”†̶…—”‹‘—•ƒ†•—•’‹…‹‘—•̶…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‡†

™‹–Š‡–‹œ‡•Ǥ—”‹‘—•ƒ†•—•’‹…‹‘—•ƒ”‡ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›Š—ƒ

•‡ƒ–‹…•Ǧ…‘…”‡–‡ǡ•’‡ŽŽ‡†‘—–ǡƒ‹ƒ–‡ȌǤŠ‡™‘”†̶…—”‹‘—•ƒ†•—•’‹…‹‘—•̶

Š‡”‡‹•ƒƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡–Šƒ–•Š‘™•ƒ•‡ƒ–‹……Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Ȁƒ…–‹‘Ǥ–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†ǡ

–Š‡™‘”†̶…—”‹‘—•̶Šƒ•–Š‡‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ™ƒ–‹‰˜‡”›—…ŠǢ‘”™ƒ–‹‰–‘‘™ǡ

™Š‹Ž‡ –Š‡ ™‘”† ̶•—•’‹…‹‘—•̶ Šƒ• –Š‡ ‡ƒ‹‰ ‘ˆ „‡‹‰ …ƒ”‡ˆ—Ž ‘” …ƒ—–‹‘—•

ȋ„‡…ƒ—•‡ ‘ˆ ™‘””›ǡdoubtingǡ ‡–…ǤȌǡ ‘ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡ƒ‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –™‘ ‹– …ƒ „‡

…‘…Ž—†‡†–Šƒ––Š‡›ƒ”‡”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘‡ƒ…Š‘–Š‡”Ǥ…‘’ƒ”‹•‘ǡ–Š‡‡–‹œ‡‹•ƒ

‘—…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›Š—ƒ•‡ƒ–‹…•ƒ†…‘…”‡–‡ǤŠ‡–Š‡•‡–™‘™‘”†•

ƒ”‡Œ—š–ƒ’‘•‡†ǡ–Š‡›™‹ŽŽˆ‘”ƒ‡™ǡ•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡ƒ‹‰…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡•

ƒ„‘—––Š‡”‡•’‘•‡•–Šƒ–‡–‹œ‡•‰ƒ˜‡Ǥ

‡…‘†ǡ–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰†ƒ–ƒ‹•ƒŽ•‘ƒ…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹”•––›’‡ǡƒ‡Ž›

…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘—Ϊƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Ȁƒ…–‹‘ǤŠ‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰

‹•–Š‡‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘ǣ ȋ͵Ȍ ˜›

ȋͶȌ ƒ”…ƒ•–‹…

Š‡†ƒ–ƒƒ„‘˜‡ˆ‘—†–Šƒ––Š‡™‘”†•̶‡˜›ƒ†•ƒ”…ƒ•–‹…̶…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‡†™‹–Š

–Š‡ ™‘”† ‡–‹œ‡Ǥ Š‡ ™‘”†• ‡˜‹‘—• ƒ† Œ—Ž‹† ƒ”‡ ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡• ȋƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•Ȍ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›Š—ƒ•‡ƒ–‹…•Ǧǡ…‘…”‡–‡ȌǤŠ‡™‘”†•̶‡˜›ƒ†•ƒ”…ƒ•–‹…̶

Š‡”‡ƒ”‡ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•–Šƒ–•Š‘™•‡ƒ–‹…•…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Ȁƒ…–‹‘Ǥ

–Š‡ ‘–Š‡” Šƒ†ǡ –Š‡ ™‘”† ̶‡˜›̶ –Š‡ ‡ƒ‹‰ ‘ˆ ‘– „‡‹‰ Šƒ’’› –‘ •‡‡ –Š‡

ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•‘ˆothersȋŽ—…›ƒ†•‘‘ǡ™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡™‘”†̶Œ—Ž‹†̶Šƒ•–Š‡‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ

‡˜›ƒ†‡˜›™‹–Š–Š‡•—……‡••‘ˆ‘–Š‡”•ǡ—•—ƒŽŽ›†‘‡„›™”‹–‹‰…‘‡–•ǡ

•–ƒ–—•‡•ǡ‘”‘’‹‹‘•‘•‘…‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒ–Šƒ–…‘”‡”…‡”–ƒ‹’‡‘’Ž‡ǤŠ‹…Š‘ˆ–Š‡•‡

‡ƒ‹‰• Šƒ• •‘‡–Š‹‰ –‘ †‘ ™‹–Š ‡ƒ…Š ‘–Š‡” › ƒ†Œ—•–‹‰ –Š‡ ‡š‹•–‹‰

…‹”…—•–ƒ…‡•ǡ–Š‡ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ•ƒ”…ƒ•–‹…‹–•‡Žˆ‘ˆ–‡‰‘‡•Šƒ†‹Šƒ†™‹–Š‡˜›Ǥ

—•’‡…–

‘…‡”‡†

‘””›

ͳ͸ͳͳ

͸ǡ͸

‡ˆ‡””‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ –ƒ„Ž‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ǡ ‹– ‹• ˆ‘—† –Šƒ– –Š‡ …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ –›’‡• ‘ˆ

‘—Ϊƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•‹–Š‡‡‹’œ‹‰…‘”’—•ƒ”‡ˆ‘—†ƒŽ‘‰™‹–Š–Š‡‹”ˆ”‡“—‡…›‘ˆ

‘……—””‡…‡Ǥ‡”‡‹•–Š‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‹†‡–ƒ‹Žǣ

Š‡ ˆ‹”•– –›’‡ ‘ˆ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡” ˆ‘—† –Š‡ –›’‡ ‘ˆ …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘—•

ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡† „› •‡ƒ–‹… Ϊ Š—ƒǡ Ϊ …‘…”‡–‡ǡ Ϊ —„‡”Ȍ Ϊ ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡

ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›•‡ƒ–‹…Ϊ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Ȁƒ…–‹‘Ȍ…‘–ƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡Ž‡‹’œ‹‰…‘”’—•Ǥ

‡”‡‹•–Š‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ǣ ȋͳȌ —”‹‘—•

ȋʹȌ —•’‹…‹‘—•

Š‡†ƒ–ƒƒ„‘˜‡ˆ‘—†–Šƒ––Š‡™‘”†̶…—”‹‘—•ƒ†•—•’‹…‹‘—•̶…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‡†

™‹–Š‡–‹œ‡•Ǥ—”‹‘—•ƒ†•—•’‹…‹‘—•ƒ”‡ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›Š—ƒ

•‡ƒ–‹…•Ǧ…‘…”‡–‡ǡ•’‡ŽŽ‡†‘—–ǡƒ‹ƒ–‡ȌǤŠ‡™‘”†̶…—”‹‘—•ƒ†•—•’‹…‹‘—•̶

Š‡”‡‹•ƒƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡–Šƒ–•Š‘™•ƒ•‡ƒ–‹……Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Ȁƒ…–‹‘Ǥ–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†ǡ

–Š‡™‘”†̶…—”‹‘—•̶Šƒ•–Š‡‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ™ƒ–‹‰˜‡”›—…ŠǢ‘”™ƒ–‹‰–‘‘™ǡ

™Š‹Ž‡ –Š‡ ™‘”† ̶•—•’‹…‹‘—•̶ Šƒ• –Š‡ ‡ƒ‹‰ ‘ˆ „‡‹‰ …ƒ”‡ˆ—Ž ‘” …ƒ—–‹‘—•

ȋ„‡…ƒ—•‡ ‘ˆ ™‘””›ǡdoubtingǡ ‡–…ǤȌǡ ‘ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡ƒ‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –™‘ ‹– …ƒ „‡

…‘…Ž—†‡†–Šƒ––Š‡›ƒ”‡”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘‡ƒ…Š‘–Š‡”Ǥ…‘’ƒ”‹•‘ǡ–Š‡‡–‹œ‡‹•ƒ

‘—…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›Š—ƒ•‡ƒ–‹…•ƒ†…‘…”‡–‡ǤŠ‡–Š‡•‡–™‘™‘”†•

ƒ”‡Œ—š–ƒ’‘•‡†ǡ–Š‡›™‹ŽŽˆ‘”ƒ‡™ǡ•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡ƒ‹‰…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡•

ƒ„‘—––Š‡”‡•’‘•‡•–Šƒ–‡–‹œ‡•‰ƒ˜‡Ǥ

‡…‘†ǡ–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰†ƒ–ƒ‹•ƒŽ•‘ƒ…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹”•––›’‡ǡƒ‡Ž›

…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘—Ϊƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Ȁƒ…–‹‘ǤŠ‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰

‹•–Š‡‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘ǣ ȋ͵Ȍ ˜›

ȋͶȌ ƒ”…ƒ•–‹…

Š‡†ƒ–ƒƒ„‘˜‡ˆ‘—†–Šƒ––Š‡™‘”†•̶‡˜›ƒ†•ƒ”…ƒ•–‹…̶…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‡†™‹–Š

–Š‡ ™‘”† ‡–‹œ‡Ǥ Š‡ ™‘”†• ‡˜‹‘—• ƒ† Œ—Ž‹† ƒ”‡ ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡• ȋƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•Ȍ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›Š—ƒ•‡ƒ–‹…•Ǧǡ…‘…”‡–‡ȌǤŠ‡™‘”†•̶‡˜›ƒ†•ƒ”…ƒ•–‹…̶

Š‡”‡ƒ”‡ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•–Šƒ–•Š‘™•‡ƒ–‹…•…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Ȁƒ…–‹‘Ǥ

–Š‡ ‘–Š‡” Šƒ†ǡ –Š‡ ™‘”† ̶‡˜›̶ –Š‡ ‡ƒ‹‰ ‘ˆ ‘– „‡‹‰ Šƒ’’› –‘ •‡‡ –Š‡

ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•‘ˆothersȋŽ—…›ƒ†•‘‘ǡ™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡™‘”†̶Œ—Ž‹†̶Šƒ•–Š‡‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ

‡˜›ƒ†‡˜›™‹–Š–Š‡•—……‡••‘ˆ‘–Š‡”•ǡ—•—ƒŽŽ›†‘‡„›™”‹–‹‰…‘‡–•ǡ

•–ƒ–—•‡•ǡ‘”‘’‹‹‘•‘•‘…‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒ–Šƒ–…‘”‡”…‡”–ƒ‹’‡‘’Ž‡ǤŠ‹…Š‘ˆ–Š‡•‡

‡ƒ‹‰• Šƒ• •‘‡–Š‹‰ –‘ †‘ ™‹–Š ‡ƒ…Š ‘–Š‡” › ƒ†Œ—•–‹‰ –Š‡ ‡š‹•–‹‰

…‹”…—•–ƒ…‡•ǡ–Š‡ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ•ƒ”…ƒ•–‹…‹–•‡Žˆ‘ˆ–‡‰‘‡•Šƒ†‹Šƒ†™‹–Š‡˜›Ǥ

…‘’ƒ”‹•‘ǡ–Š‡™‘”†‡–‹œ‡‹•ƒ‘—…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›Š—ƒ•‡ƒ–‹…•ǡ …‘…”‡–‡Ǥˆ–Š‡–™‘™‘”†•ƒ”‡Œ—š–ƒ’‘•‡†ǡ‹–™‹ŽŽˆ‘”ƒ‡™ǡ•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡ƒ‹‰

–Šƒ–‹••‘‡–Š‹‰–Šƒ–…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡•‡–‹œ‡•Ǥ

Š‹”†ǡ–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰†ƒ–ƒ‹•ƒŽ•‘–Š‡ˆ‹”•––›’‡‘ˆ…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ǡƒ‡Ž›‘—

Ϊƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘™‹–Š…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Ȁƒ…–‹‘…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…•ǤŠ‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‹•

–Š‡‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘ǣ ȋͷȌ Š‘…‡†

ȋ͸Ȍ ‰”›

Š‡†ƒ–ƒƒ„‘˜‡ˆ‘—†–Šƒ––Š‡™‘”†•̶•Š‘…‡†ƒ†ƒ‰”›̶…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‡†™‹–Š

–Š‡ ™‘”† ‡–‹œ‡Ǥ ‘”†• ‘ˆ •—”’”‹•‡ ƒ† ƒ‰‡” ƒ”‡ ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡• ȋƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•Ȍ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›Š—ƒ•‡ƒ–‹…•Ǧǡ…‘…”‡–‡ȌǤŠ‡™‘”†̶•—”’”‹•‡†ƒ†ƒ‰”›̶

Š‡”‡‹•ƒƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡–Šƒ–•Š‘™•ƒ•‡ƒ–‹……Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Ȁƒ…–‹‘Ǥ–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†ǡ

–Š‡ ™‘”† ̶•Š‘…‡†̶ ‡ƒ• ƒ ‘‡–ƒ”› ‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ •–ƒ–‡ …ƒ—•‡† „› ƒ

—‡š’‡…–‡†‡˜‡–ǡ™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡™‘”†̶ƒ‰”›̶Šƒ•ƒ‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ‡ƒ‹‰ƒ”‡†„›

…‘ˆŽ‹…–™‹–Š•‘‡‘‡‘”ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰•ƒˆ–‡”„‡‹‰–”‡ƒ–‡†™”‘‰Ž›ǤŠ‹…Š‘ˆ‡ƒ…Š‘ˆ

–Š‡•‡‡ƒ‹‰•Šƒ••‘‡–Š‹‰–‘†‘™‹–Š‡ƒ…Š‘–Š‡”Ǥ›ƒ†Œ—•–‹‰–Š‡‡š‹•–‹‰

…‹”…—•–ƒ…‡•ǡ•Š‘…ƒ†ƒ‰‡”ƒ”‡‘ˆ–‡ƒ••‘…‹ƒ–‡†™‹–Š‡‘–‹‘•‘”ƒ’‡”•‘̵•

”‡ƒ…–‹‘–‘ƒ…‘†‹–‹‘–Šƒ–‹•…‘–”ƒ”›–‘‹–Ǥ…‘’ƒ”‹•‘ǡ–Š‡™‘”†‡–‹œ‡‹•

ƒ‘—…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›Š—ƒ•‡ƒ–‹…•ǡ…‘…”‡–‡ǤŠ‡–Š‡•‡–™‘™‘”†•ƒ”‡

Œ—š–ƒ’‘•‡†ǡ –Š‡› ™‹ŽŽ ˆ‘” ƒ ‡™ǡ •’‡…‹ˆ‹… ‡ƒ‹‰ǡ ™Š‹…Š ‹• •‘‡–Š‹‰ –Šƒ–

…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡•‡–‹œ‡•Ǥ

‘—”–Šǡ –Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡” ˆ‘—† †ƒ–ƒ ‘ –Š‡ …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘—•

ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›ǦŠ—ƒ•‡ƒ–‹…•ǡǦ…‘…‡”–ǡΪ…‘—–ƒ„Ž‡ǡǦ‰”‘—’ȌΪƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•

ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡† „› Ϊ•–ƒ–‡Ȍ …‘–ƒ‹‡† ‹ –Š‡ ‡‹’œ‹‰ …‘”’—•Ǥ ‡”‡ ‹• –Š‡

’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ǣ

ȋ͹Ȍ ”‘™†‡†

ȋͺȌ „—œœ

Š‡†ƒ–ƒƒ„‘˜‡ˆ‘—†–Šƒ––Š‡™‘”†̶…”‘™†‡†ƒ†ƒ„—œœ̶…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‡†™‹–Š

–Š‡™‘”†‡–‹œ‡Ǥ”‘™†‹‰ƒ†„—•›ƒ”‡ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•ȋƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•Ȍ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†

„›Š—ƒ•‡ƒ–‹…•ǡ…‘…”‡–‡ǡƒ†ƒ‹ƒ–‡ȌǤŠ‡™‘”†̶…”‘™†‡†ƒ†ƒ„—œœ̶

Š‡”‡‹•ƒƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡–Šƒ–•Š‘™•–Š‡•‡ƒ–‹……Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…•‘ˆ–Š‡•‹–—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†ǡ–Š‡™‘”†̶…”‘™†‡†̶ƒŽ•‘Šƒ•–Š‡‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ„‡‹‰…Š‡‡”ˆ—Ž‘”

ˆ‡•–‹˜‡ǤŠ‡™‘”††‡•…”‹„‡•–Š‡•–ƒ–‡ƒ†gives”‹•‡–‘‡™ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ǤŠ‡™‘”†

‡–‹œ‡‹–•‡Žˆ‹•ƒ‘—…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›Š—ƒ•‡ƒ–‹…•ǡ…‘…”‡–‡ǤŠ‡–Š‡•‡

–™‘ ™‘”†• ƒ”‡ Œ—š–ƒ’‘•‡†ǡ –Š‡› ™‹ŽŽ ˆ‘” ƒ •’‡…‹ˆ‹… ‡™ ‡ƒ‹‰ǡ ƒ‡Ž›

•‘‡–Š‹‰…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡•Ǥ

‹ˆ–Šǡ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”ˆ‘—††ƒ–ƒ‘–Š‡…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘—•ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†

„›•‡ƒ–‹…ǦŠ—ƒǡǦ…‘…‡”–ǡΪ…‘—–ƒ„Ž‡ǡǦ‰”‘—’ȌΪƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›

Ϊ•–ƒ–‡Ȍ…‘–ƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡‡‹’œ‹‰…‘”’—•Ǥ‡”‡‹•–Š‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ǣ

Neng Sumiyati, Ely Fauziyah, Abdul Basid ȋͻȌ —’”‹•‡†

ȋͳͲȌ ƒœ‡†

ȋͳͳȌ ’”‡••‡†

Š‡†ƒ–ƒƒ„‘˜‡ˆ‘—†–Šƒ––Š‡™‘”†•̶—’”‹…‡†ǡƒƒœ‡†ƒ†‹’”‡••‡†̶

…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‡†™‹–Š–Š‡™‘”†‡–‹œ‡ǤŠ‡™‘”†•ƒƒœ‡†ǡƒƒœ‡†ƒ†ƒƒœ‡†ƒ”‡

ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›Š—ƒ•‡ƒ–‹…•ǡ…‘…”‡–‡ǡƒ†ƒ‹ƒ–‡ȌǤŠ‡word

̶ƒ•–‘‹•Š‡† ƒ† ƒƒœ‡†̶ Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒ ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡ –Šƒ– •Š‘™• –Š‡ •‡ƒ–‹…

…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…•‘ˆƒ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Ȁ†‡‡†ǤŠ‹…Š™‘”††‡•…”‹„‡•–Š‡…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‘ˆ–Š‡

”‡•’‘•‡‰‹˜‡„›‡–‹œ‡•–‘•’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Ǥ–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†ǡ–Š‡™‘”†

̶•—’”‹…‡†̶‡ƒ•ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰‘††ȋ™Š‡•‡‡‹‰‘”Š‡ƒ”‹‰•‘‡–Š‹‰ȌǤŠ‹Ž‡–Š‡

™‘”† ̶ƒƒœ‡† ‘” ‹’”‡••‡†̶ ‡ƒ• ƒ™‡Ǣ ™‘†‡” ȋ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰”‡ƒ–‡••ǡ „‡ƒ—–›ǡ

„‡ƒ—–›‘ˆ•‘‡‘‡‘”•‘‡–Š‹‰ȌǤ‘™Š‡˜‹‡™‡†ǡ‡ƒ…Š‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡–™‘

™‘”†•”ƒ‹•‡•ƒ”‡Žƒ–‹‘–‘‡ƒ…Š‘–Š‡”Ǥ…‘’ƒ”‹•‘ǡ–Š‡™‘”†‡–‹œ‡‹–•‡Žˆ‹•ƒ

‘— –Šƒ– ‹• …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡† „› Š—ƒ •‡ƒ–‹…•ǡ …‘…”‡–‡Ǥ Š‡ –Š‡•‡ –™‘

™‘”†•ƒ”‡Œ—š–ƒ’‘•‡†ǡ–Š‡›™‹ŽŽˆ‘”ƒ•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡™‡ƒ‹‰ǡƒ‡Ž›•‘‡–Š‹‰

…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡•Ǥ

‹š–Šǡ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”ˆ‘—††ƒ–ƒ‘–Š‡…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘—•ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†

„› ǦŠ—ƒ •‡ƒ–‹…•ǡ Ǧ…‘…‡”–ǡ Ϊ—…‘—–ƒ„Ž‡ǡ Ǧ‰”‘—’Ȍ Ϊ ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•

ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡† „› Ϊ•–ƒ–‡Ȍ …‘–ƒ‹‡† ‹ –Š‡ ‡‹’œ‹‰ …‘”’—•Ǥ ‡”‡ ‹• –Š‡

’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ǣ ȋͳʹȌš…‹–‡†

ȋͳ͵Ȍ‘‘–‹‘

Š‡†ƒ–ƒƒ„‘˜‡ˆ‘—†–Šƒ––Š‡™‘”†̶‡š…‹–‡†ƒ†…‘‘–‹‘̶…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‡†

™‹–Š–Š‡™‘”†‡–‹œ‡ǤŠ‡™‘”†•‡š…‹–‡†ƒ†—’”‘ƒ”ƒ”‡ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•ȋƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•Ȍ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›Š—ƒ•‡ƒ–‹…•ǡ…‘…”‡–‡ǡƒ†ƒ‹ƒ–‡ȌǤŠ‡™‘”†̶‡š…‹–‡†

ƒ†…‘‘…ƒ–‹‘̶Š‡”‡‹•ƒƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡–Šƒ–•Š‘™••‡ƒ–‹…•…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›

…‹”…—•–ƒ…‡•Ǥ  –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” Šƒ†ǡ –Š‡ ™‘”† ̶‡š…‹–‡†̶ ‡ƒ• ‘‹•›ǡ ‘‹•›ǡ‘”

—’”‘ƒ”ǡ™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡™‘”†̶…‘‘–‹‘̶‡ƒ•„‘‹•–‡”‘—•Ǣ—’”‘ƒ”Ǣ—’‹ƒ”•Ǣ–ƒ‡

‹–Ǥƒ…Š‘ˆ–Š‡•‡‡ƒ‹‰•†‡•…”‹„‡•–Š‡•‹‹Žƒ”‹–›‹–‡”•‘ˆ‡ƒ‹‰„‡…ƒ—•‡

‹–’”‘˜‹†‡•ƒ•–ƒ–‡‡–‘ˆ…‡”–ƒ‹ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰•Ǥ…‘’ƒ”‹•‘ǡ–Š‡™‘”†‡–‹œ‡‹–•‡Žˆ

‹•ƒ‘—–Šƒ–‹•…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›Š—ƒ•‡ƒ–‹…•ǡ…‘…”‡–‡ǤŠ‡–Š‡•‡–™‘

™‘”†•ƒ”‡Œ—š–ƒ’‘•‡†ǡ–Š‡›™‹ŽŽˆ‘”ƒ•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡™‡ƒ‹‰ǡƒ‡Ž›•‘‡–Š‹‰

…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡•Ǥ

‡˜‡–Šǡ –Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡” ˆ‘—† †ƒ–ƒ ‘ –Š‡ …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘—•

ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›•‡ƒ–‹…ǦŠ—ƒǡǦ…‘…‡”–ǡΪ…‘—–ƒ„Ž‡ǡǦ‰”‘—’ȌΪƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡

ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡† „› Ϊ•‡ŽˆǦ•–ƒ–‡Ȍ …‘–ƒ‹‡† ‹ –Š‡ ‡‹’œ‹‰ …‘”’—•Ǥ ‡”‡ ‹• –Š‡

’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ǣ

ȋͳͶȌ‘…‡”‡†

ȋͳͷȌ‘””‹‡†

ȋͻȌ —’”‹•‡†

ȋͳͲȌ ƒœ‡†

ȋͳͳȌ ’”‡••‡†

Š‡†ƒ–ƒƒ„‘˜‡ˆ‘—†–Šƒ––Š‡™‘”†•̶—’”‹…‡†ǡƒƒœ‡†ƒ†‹’”‡••‡†̶

…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‡†™‹–Š–Š‡™‘”†‡–‹œ‡ǤŠ‡™‘”†•ƒƒœ‡†ǡƒƒœ‡†ƒ†ƒƒœ‡†ƒ”‡

ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›Š—ƒ•‡ƒ–‹…•ǡ…‘…”‡–‡ǡƒ†ƒ‹ƒ–‡ȌǤŠ‡word

̶ƒ•–‘‹•Š‡† ƒ† ƒƒœ‡†̶ Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒ ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡ –Šƒ– •Š‘™• –Š‡ •‡ƒ–‹…

…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…•‘ˆƒ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Ȁ†‡‡†ǤŠ‹…Š™‘”††‡•…”‹„‡•–Š‡…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‘ˆ–Š‡

”‡•’‘•‡‰‹˜‡„›‡–‹œ‡•–‘•’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Ǥ–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†ǡ–Š‡™‘”†

̶•—’”‹…‡†̶‡ƒ•ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰‘††ȋ™Š‡•‡‡‹‰‘”Š‡ƒ”‹‰•‘‡–Š‹‰ȌǤŠ‹Ž‡–Š‡

™‘”† ̶ƒƒœ‡† ‘” ‹’”‡••‡†̶ ‡ƒ• ƒ™‡Ǣ ™‘†‡” ȋ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰”‡ƒ–‡••ǡ „‡ƒ—–›ǡ

„‡ƒ—–›‘ˆ•‘‡‘‡‘”•‘‡–Š‹‰ȌǤ‘™Š‡˜‹‡™‡†ǡ‡ƒ…Š‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡–™‘

™‘”†•”ƒ‹•‡•ƒ”‡Žƒ–‹‘–‘‡ƒ…Š‘–Š‡”Ǥ…‘’ƒ”‹•‘ǡ–Š‡™‘”†‡–‹œ‡‹–•‡Žˆ‹•ƒ

‘— –Šƒ– ‹• …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡† „› Š—ƒ •‡ƒ–‹…•ǡ …‘…”‡–‡Ǥ Š‡ –Š‡•‡ –™‘

™‘”†•ƒ”‡Œ—š–ƒ’‘•‡†ǡ–Š‡›™‹ŽŽˆ‘”ƒ•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡™‡ƒ‹‰ǡƒ‡Ž›•‘‡–Š‹‰

…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡•Ǥ

‹š–Šǡ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”ˆ‘—††ƒ–ƒ‘–Š‡…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘—•ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†

„› ǦŠ—ƒ •‡ƒ–‹…•ǡ Ǧ…‘…‡”–ǡ Ϊ—…‘—–ƒ„Ž‡ǡ Ǧ‰”‘—’Ȍ Ϊ ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•

ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡† „› Ϊ•–ƒ–‡Ȍ …‘–ƒ‹‡† ‹ –Š‡ ‡‹’œ‹‰ …‘”’—•Ǥ ‡”‡ ‹• –Š‡

’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ǣ ȋͳʹȌš…‹–‡†

ȋͳ͵Ȍ‘‘–‹‘

Š‡†ƒ–ƒƒ„‘˜‡ˆ‘—†–Šƒ––Š‡™‘”†̶‡š…‹–‡†ƒ†…‘‘–‹‘̶…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‡†

™‹–Š–Š‡™‘”†‡–‹œ‡ǤŠ‡™‘”†•‡š…‹–‡†ƒ†—’”‘ƒ”ƒ”‡ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•ȋƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•Ȍ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›Š—ƒ•‡ƒ–‹…•ǡ…‘…”‡–‡ǡƒ†ƒ‹ƒ–‡ȌǤŠ‡™‘”†̶‡š…‹–‡†

ƒ†…‘‘…ƒ–‹‘̶Š‡”‡‹•ƒƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡–Šƒ–•Š‘™••‡ƒ–‹…•…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›

…‹”…—•–ƒ…‡•Ǥ  –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” Šƒ†ǡ –Š‡ ™‘”†̶‡š…‹–‡†̶ ‡ƒ• ‘‹•›ǡ ‘‹•›ǡ‘”

—’”‘ƒ”ǡ™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡™‘”†̶…‘‘–‹‘̶‡ƒ•„‘‹•–‡”‘—•Ǣ—’”‘ƒ”Ǣ—’‹ƒ”•Ǣ–ƒ‡

‹–Ǥƒ…Š‘ˆ–Š‡•‡‡ƒ‹‰•†‡•…”‹„‡•–Š‡•‹‹Žƒ”‹–›‹–‡”•‘ˆ‡ƒ‹‰„‡…ƒ—•‡

‹–’”‘˜‹†‡•ƒ•–ƒ–‡‡–‘ˆ…‡”–ƒ‹ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰•Ǥ…‘’ƒ”‹•‘ǡ–Š‡™‘”†‡–‹œ‡‹–•‡Žˆ

‹•ƒ‘—–Šƒ–‹•…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›Š—ƒ•‡ƒ–‹…•ǡ…‘…”‡–‡ǤŠ‡–Š‡•‡–™‘

™‘”†•ƒ”‡Œ—š–ƒ’‘•‡†ǡ–Š‡›™‹ŽŽˆ‘”ƒ•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡™‡ƒ‹‰ǡƒ‡Ž›•‘‡–Š‹‰

…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡•Ǥ

‡˜‡–Šǡ –Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡” ˆ‘—† †ƒ–ƒ ‘ –Š‡ …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘—•

ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›•‡ƒ–‹…ǦŠ—ƒǡǦ…‘…‡”–ǡΪ…‘—–ƒ„Ž‡ǡǦ‰”‘—’ȌΪƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡

ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡† „› Ϊ•‡ŽˆǦ•–ƒ–‡Ȍ …‘–ƒ‹‡† ‹ –Š‡ ‡‹’œ‹‰ …‘”’—•Ǥ ‡”‡ ‹• –Š‡

’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ǣ

ȋͳͶȌ‘…‡”‡†

ȋͳͷȌ‘””‹‡†

Š‡†ƒ–ƒƒ„‘˜‡ˆ‘—†–Š‡™‘”†̶…‘…‡”‡†ƒ†™‘””‹‡†̶…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‡†™‹–Š

–Š‡ ™‘”† ‡–‹œ‡Ǥ Š‡ ™‘”†• …‘…‡”‡† ƒ† ™‘””‹‡† ƒ”‡ ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•

…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›Š—ƒ•‡ƒ–‹…•ǡ…‘…”‡–‡ǡƒ‹ƒ–‡ȌǤŠ‡™‘”†̶…‘…‡”‡†

ƒ† ™‘””‹‡†̶ Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒ ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡ –Šƒ– •Š‘™• •‡ƒ–‹… …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…• ‘ˆ –Š‡

•‹–—ƒ–‹‘ǤŠ‹…Š™‘”††‡•…”‹„‡•–Š‡…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‘ˆ–Š‡”‡•’‘•‡‰‹˜‡„›‡–‹œ‡•

–‘…‡”–ƒ‹ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡ–Š‹•”‡•’‘•‡‹•…Ž‘•‡Ž›”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘–Š‡™‘”†̶…‘…‡”‡†ƒ†

™‘””‹‡†Ǥ̶–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†ǡ–Š‡™‘”†̶…‘…‡”‡†̶Šƒ•–Š‡‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ„‡‹‰

•ƒ†ǡ™‘””‹‡†ǡ‘”‹†‡…‹•‹˜‡ȋ„‡…ƒ—•‡‘ˆŠ‹•ˆƒ‹Ž‡†‡ˆˆ‘”–•ǡ‰‡––‹‰‹–‘–”‘—„Ž‡ǡ

”‡‡„‡”‹‰Š‹•ˆƒ–‡ǡƒ†•‘‘Ȍǡ™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡™‘”†̶™‘””‹‡†̶Šƒ•–Š‡‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ

„‡‹‰ ƒˆ”ƒ‹† ȋƒš‹‘—•ǡ ƒš‹‘—•Ȍ ƒ„‘—– •‘‡–Š‹‰ –Šƒ– ‹• ‘– ›‡– ‘™ǡ ™‹–Š

…‡”–ƒ‹–›Ǥƒ…Š‘ˆ–Š‡•‡‡ƒ‹‰•†‡•…”‹„‡•–Š‡•‹‹Žƒ”‹–›‹–‡”•‘ˆ‡ƒ‹‰

„‡…ƒ—•‡ ‹– ’”‘˜‹†‡• ƒ •–ƒ–‡‡– ‘ˆ …‡”–ƒ‹ ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰•Ǥ  …‘’ƒ”‹•‘ǡ –Š‡ ™‘”†

‡–‹œ‡ ‹–•‡Žˆ ‹• ƒ ‘— –Šƒ– ‹• …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡† „› Š—ƒ •‡ƒ–‹…•ǡ …‘…”‡–‡Ǥ

Š‡–Š‡•‡–™‘™‘”†•ƒ”‡Œ—š–ƒ’‘•‡†ǡ–Š‡›™‹ŽŽˆ‘”ƒ•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡™‡ƒ‹‰ǡ

ƒ‡Ž›•‘‡–Š‹‰…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡•Ǥ

‹‰Š–Šǡ –Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡” ˆ‘—† †ƒ–ƒ ‘ –Š‡ …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘—•

ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›•‡ƒ–‹…ǦŠ—ƒǡǦ…‘…‡”–ǡΪ…‘—–ƒ„Ž‡ǡǦ‰”‘—’ȌΪƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡

ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡† „› Ϊ•‡ŽˆǦ•–ƒ–‡Ȍ …‘–ƒ‹‡† ‹ –Š‡ ‡‹’œ‹‰ …‘”’—•Ǥ ‡”‡ ‹• –Š‡

’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ǣ

ȋͳ͸Ȍ —”‹‘—•

ȋͳ͹Ȍ†‘”ƒ„Ž‡

Š‡ †ƒ–ƒ ƒ„‘˜‡ ˆ‘—† –Šƒ– –Š‡ ™‘”† ̶ˆ—”‹‘—• ƒ† ƒ†‘”ƒ„Ž‡̶ …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‡†

™‹–Š –Š‡ ™‘”† ‡–‹œ‡Ǥ ‰”› ™‘”†• ƒ”‡ ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡• …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡† „› Š—ƒ

•‡ƒ–‹…•Ǧǡ…‘…”‡–‡ǡ•’‡ŽŽ‡†‘—–ǡƒ‹ƒ–‡ȌǤŠ‡™‘”†̶ˆ—”‹‘—•ƒ†ƒ†‘”ƒ„Ž‡̶

Š‡”‡‹•ƒƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡–Šƒ–•Š‘™•ƒ•‡ƒ–‹……Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Ȁƒ…–‹‘Ǥ–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†ǡ

–Š‡ ™‘”† ̶ˆ—”‹‘—•̶ ƒŽ•‘ Šƒ• –Š‡ ‡ƒ‹‰ ‘ˆ „‡‹‰ ˜‡”› ‹””‹–ƒ–‡† ‘” ƒ‰”›

ȋ‹™ƒ”†Ž›Ȍǡ™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡™‘”†̶ƒ†‘”ƒ„Ž‡̶Šƒ•–Š‡‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ„‡‹‰˜‡”›ƒ‰”›‘”

‡šƒ•’‡”ƒ–‡†ǡ™Š‹…Šƒ”‡”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘‡ƒ…Š‘–Š‡”‹–‡”•‘ˆ‡ƒ‹‰ƒ†”‡Žƒ–‹‘–‘

–Š‡‹””‡•’‡…–‹˜‡—•‡•Ǥ ”‘‡ƒ…Š‘ˆ–Š‡•‡‡ƒ‹‰•ǡ‹–…ƒ„‡…‘…Ž—†‡†–Šƒ––Š‡

™‘”††‡•…”‹„‡•–Š‡•‹–—ƒ–‹‘–Šƒ–ƒ”‹•‡•ˆ”‘ƒ…–‹˜‹–›ƒ†Šƒ•ƒ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’™‹–Š

‡ƒ…Š‘–Š‡”‹–‡”•‘ˆ‡ƒ‹‰Ǥ…‘’ƒ”‹•‘ǡ–Š‡™‘”†‡–‹œ‡‹–•‡Žˆ‹•ƒ‘—

–Šƒ–‹•…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›Š—ƒ•‡ƒ–‹…•ǡ…‘…”‡–‡ǤŠ‡–Š‡•‡–™‘™‘”†•ƒ”‡

Œ—š–ƒ’‘•‡†ǡ –Š‡› ™‹ŽŽ ˆ‘” ƒ •’‡…‹ˆ‹… ‡™ ‡ƒ‹‰ǡ ƒ‡Ž› •‘‡–Š‹‰

…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡•Ǥ Adjective + noun collocation

‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘• ‘” ™‘”† …‘„‹ƒ–‹‘•ǡ ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡ Ϊ ‘—

…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘•ƒ”‡–Š‡‘’’‘•‹–‡‘ˆ‘—Ϊƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘•ǤŠ‹•…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‹•

ƒ ™‘”† ’ƒ‹”‹‰ „‡–™‡‡ ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡ …‘—’Ž‡† ™‹–Š ‘—•Ǥ  –Š‹•

†‹•…—••‹‘ǡ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”ˆ‹†•†ƒ–ƒ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ––‘–Š‡…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘–Š‡‘”›„ƒ•‡†‘

‹†ƒ̵•’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡ǤŠ‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‹•–Š‡†ƒ–ƒ‘–Š‡ˆ‹†‹‰•‘ˆ…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘••ƒ‹†

„›‡–‹œ‡•‹–Š‡ʹͲʹͲ†‘‡•‹ƒ‡™•…‘–ƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡‡‹’œ‹‰…‘”’—•Ǥ

Neng Sumiyati, Ely Fauziyah, Abdul Basid

ƒ„Ž‡ͳǤͶ‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŽ‡ˆ–…‘–‡š–‡–‹œ‡™‘”†•

Lexeme Collocation

type Collocation

context Adjective Frequency adjective

Netizen

†Œ‡…–‹˜‡Ϊ

‘—

‡ˆ–

Ž‘–Ž‹–Ž‡

š…‹–‡†

‰”›š…Žƒ‹

‹…‡†

‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡

”‘™†‡†

‡”›ˆ—›

—”‹‘—•

—††‡Ž›

†‘”ƒ„Ž‡

—›

Š‘…‡†

ͳǡͻͷͶ Ͷ͸ͻ͵Ͳͻ

͹͹͸͸

ͷʹͶ͵

Ͷͳ͵ͺ ʹͺʹʹ ʹͳͳͳ

͸ǡͶ

‡ˆ‡””‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ –ƒ„Ž‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ǡ ‹– ‹• ˆ‘—† –Šƒ– –Š‡ –›’‡ ‘ˆ …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ

†Œ‡…–‹˜‡Ϊ‘—‹–Š‡‡‹’œ‹‰…‘”’—•‹•ˆ‘—†ƒŽ‘‰™‹–Š–Š‡ˆ”‡“—‡…›‘ˆ–Š‡‹”

‘……—””‡…‡Ǥ‡”‡‹•–Š‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‹†‡–ƒ‹Žǣ

‹–Šǡ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”ˆ‘—†…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘†ƒ–ƒ™‹–Šƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†

Ϊ“—ƒ–‹–›Ȍڐ‘—ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›•‡ƒ–‹…ǦŠ—ƒǡǦ…‘…‡”–ǡΪ…‘—–ƒ„Ž‡ǡǦ

‰”‘—’Ȍ…‘–ƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡‡‹’œ‹‰…‘”’—•Ǥ‡”‡‹•–Š‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ǣ ȋͳͺȌŽ‘–

ȋͳͻȌƒŽ‹–Ž‡

Š‡†ƒ–ƒƒ„‘˜‡ˆ‘—†–Šƒ––Š‡™‘”†•̶ƒŽ‘–ƒ†ƒŽ‹––Ž‡̶…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‡†™‹–Š–Š‡

™‘”†‡–‹œ‡ǤŠ‡™‘”†•ƒ›ƒ†ˆ‡™ƒ”‡ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›•‡ƒ–‹…

…‘—–‘”“—ƒ–‹–›Ǥ–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†ǡ–Š‡™‘”†̶ƒ›̶Šƒ•ƒ•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‡ƒ‹‰

‹—„‡”ǡ™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡™‘”†̶ƒŽ‹––Ž‡̶Šƒ•Ž‹––Ž‡‡ƒ‹‰ǤŠ‡˜‹‡™‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡

‡ƒ‹‰ ‘ˆ ‡ƒ…Š ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ ™‘”†•ǡ –Š‡› ƒ”‡ ”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ ‡ƒ…Š ‘–Š‡” ‹ –‡”• ‘ˆ

‡ƒ‹‰ƒ†”‡Žƒ–‹‘–‘–Š‡‹””‡•’‡…–‹˜‡—•‡•Ǥ…‘’ƒ”‹•‘ǡ–Š‡™‘”†‡–‹œ‡

‹• ƒ ‘— …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡† „› Š—ƒ •‡ƒ–‹…•ǡ …‘…”‡–‡Ǥ ˆ –Š‡ –™‘ ™‘”†• ƒ”‡

Œ—š–ƒ’‘•‡†ǡ–Š‡›™‹ŽŽˆ‘”ƒ‡™ǡ•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡ƒ‹‰ǡ•‘‡–Š‹‰–Šƒ–‹•ƒŽ‘–‘”ƒ

Ž‹––Ž‡ˆ”‘‡–‹œ‡•Ǥ

‡–Šǡ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”ˆ‘—†…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘†ƒ–ƒ™‹–Šƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†

Ϊ •–ƒ–‡Ȍ Ϊ ‘— ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡† „› •‡ƒ–‹… ǦŠ—ƒǡ Ǧ…‘…‡”–ǡ Ϊ…‘—–ƒ„Ž‡ǡ Ǧ

‰”‘—’Ȍ…‘–ƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡‡‹’œ‹‰…‘”’—•Ǥ‡”‡‹•’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ǣ ȋʹͲȌ š…‹–‡†

ȋʹͳȌ ”‘™†‡†

ƒ„Ž‡ͳǤͶ‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŽ‡ˆ–…‘–‡š–‡–‹œ‡™‘”†•

Lexeme Collocation

type Collocation

context Adjective Frequency adjective

Netizen

†Œ‡…–‹˜‡Ϊ

‘—

‡ˆ–

Ž‘–Ž‹–Ž‡

š…‹–‡†

‰”›š…Žƒ‹

‹…‡†

‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡

”‘™†‡†

‡”›ˆ—›

—”‹‘—•

—††‡Ž›

†‘”ƒ„Ž‡

—›

Š‘…‡†

ͳǡͻͷͶ Ͷ͸ͻ͵Ͳͻ

͹͹͸͸

ͷʹͶ͵

Ͷͳ͵ͺ ʹͺʹʹ ʹͳͳͳ

͸ǡͶ

‡ˆ‡””‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ –ƒ„Ž‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ǡ ‹– ‹• ˆ‘—† –Šƒ– –Š‡ –›’‡ ‘ˆ …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ

†Œ‡…–‹˜‡Ϊ‘—‹–Š‡‡‹’œ‹‰…‘”’—•‹•ˆ‘—†ƒŽ‘‰™‹–Š–Š‡ˆ”‡“—‡…›‘ˆ–Š‡‹”

‘……—””‡…‡Ǥ‡”‡‹•–Š‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‹†‡–ƒ‹Žǣ

‹–Šǡ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”ˆ‘—†…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘†ƒ–ƒ™‹–Šƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†

Ϊ“—ƒ–‹–›Ȍڐ‘—ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›•‡ƒ–‹…ǦŠ—ƒǡǦ…‘…‡”–ǡΪ…‘—–ƒ„Ž‡ǡǦ

‰”‘—’Ȍ…‘–ƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡‡‹’œ‹‰…‘”’—•Ǥ‡”‡‹•–Š‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ǣ ȋͳͺȌŽ‘–

ȋͳͻȌƒŽ‹–Ž‡

Š‡†ƒ–ƒƒ„‘˜‡ˆ‘—†–Šƒ––Š‡™‘”†•̶ƒŽ‘–ƒ†ƒŽ‹––Ž‡̶…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‡†™‹–Š–Š‡

™‘”†‡–‹œ‡ǤŠ‡™‘”†•ƒ›ƒ†ˆ‡™ƒ”‡ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›•‡ƒ–‹…

…‘—–‘”“—ƒ–‹–›Ǥ–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†ǡ–Š‡™‘”†̶ƒ›̶Šƒ•ƒ•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‡ƒ‹‰

‹—„‡”ǡ™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡™‘”†̶ƒŽ‹––Ž‡̶Šƒ•Ž‹––Ž‡‡ƒ‹‰ǤŠ‡˜‹‡™‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡

‡ƒ‹‰ ‘ˆ ‡ƒ…Š ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ ™‘”†•ǡ –Š‡› ƒ”‡ ”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ ‡ƒ…Š ‘–Š‡” ‹ –‡”• ‘ˆ

‡ƒ‹‰ƒ†”‡Žƒ–‹‘–‘–Š‡‹””‡•’‡…–‹˜‡—•‡•Ǥ…‘’ƒ”‹•‘ǡ–Š‡™‘”†‡–‹œ‡

‹• ƒ ‘— …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡† „› Š—ƒ •‡ƒ–‹…•ǡ …‘…”‡–‡Ǥ ˆ –Š‡ –™‘ ™‘”†• ƒ”‡

Œ—š–ƒ’‘•‡†ǡ–Š‡›™‹ŽŽˆ‘”ƒ‡™ǡ•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡ƒ‹‰ǡ•‘‡–Š‹‰–Šƒ–‹•ƒŽ‘–‘”ƒ

Ž‹––Ž‡ˆ”‘‡–‹œ‡•Ǥ

‡–Šǡ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”ˆ‘—†…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘†ƒ–ƒ™‹–Šƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†

Ϊ •–ƒ–‡Ȍ Ϊ ‘— ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡† „› •‡ƒ–‹… ǦŠ—ƒǡ Ǧ…‘…‡”–ǡ Ϊ…‘—–ƒ„Ž‡ǡ Ǧ

‰”‘—’Ȍ…‘–ƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡‡‹’œ‹‰…‘”’—•Ǥ‡”‡‹•’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ǣ ȋʹͲȌ š…‹–‡†

ȋʹͳȌ ”‘™†‡†

Š‡†ƒ–ƒƒ„‘˜‡ˆ‘—†–Šƒ––Š‡™‘”†̶‡š…‹–‡†ƒ†…”‘™†‡†̶‹•…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘

™‹–Š–Š‡™‘”†‡–‹œ‡ǤŠ‡™‘”†‡š…‹–‡†ƒ†…”‘™†‡†‹•ƒƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡ȋƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡Ȍ

–Šƒ–‹•…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›Š—ƒ•‡ƒ–‹…•Ǧǡ…‘…”‡–‡ǡ•’‡ŽŽ‡†‘—–ǡƒ‹ƒ–‡ȌǤŠ‡

™‘”† ̶‡š…‹–‡† ƒ† …”‘™†‡†̶ Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒ ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡ –Šƒ– •Š‘™• –Š‡ •‡ƒ–‹…

…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…• ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‹–—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ  –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” Šƒ†ǡ –Š‡ ™‘”† ̶Š‡„‘Š̶ ‡ƒ•

”‘™†›ǡ•…”ƒ„Ž‡ǡ ‘” —’”‘ƒ”Ǥ  …‘’ƒ”‹•‘ǡ –Š‡ ™‘”† ̶…”‘™†‡†̶ Šƒ• –Š‡

‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ„‡‹‰…Š‡‡”ˆ—Ž‘”ˆ‡•–‹˜‡ǤŠ‡˜‹‡™‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ‡ƒ…Š‘ˆ

–Š‡•‡™‘”†•ǡ–Š‡›ƒ”‡”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘‡ƒ…Š‘–Š‡”‹–‡”•‘ˆ‡ƒ‹‰ƒ†”‡Žƒ–‹‘–‘

–Š‡‹””‡•’‡…–‹˜‡—•‡•Ǥ…‘’ƒ”‹•‘ǡ–Š‡™‘”†‡–‹œ‡‹•ƒ‘—…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†

„›Š—ƒ•‡ƒ–‹…•ƒ†…‘…”‡–‡ǤŠ‡–Š‡•‡–™‘™‘”†•ƒ”‡Œ—š–ƒ’‘•‡†ǡ–Š‡›

™‹ŽŽˆ‘”ƒ•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡™‡ƒ‹‰ǡƒ‡Ž›•‘‡–Š‹‰…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‘ˆ‡–‹œ‡•Ǥ

Ž‡˜‡–Šǡ –Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡” ˆ‘—† …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ †ƒ–ƒ ™‹–Š ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡

ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†Ϊ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Ȁƒ…–‹‘Ϊ“—ƒŽ‹–›Ȍڐ‘—ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›•‡ƒ–‹…

ǦŠ—ƒǡǦ…‘…‡”–ǡΪ…‘—–ƒ„Ž‡ǡǦ‰”‘—’Ȍ…‘–ƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡‡‹’œ‹‰…‘”’—•Ǥ‡”‡‹•

–Š‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ǣ ȋʹʹȌ ‹…‡†

ȋʹ͵Ȍ ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡

Š‡†ƒ–ƒƒ„‘˜‡ˆ‘—†–Šƒ––Š‡™‘”†•̶™‹…‡†ƒ†‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡̶…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‡†

™‹–Š –Š‡ ™‘”† ‡–‹œ‡Ǥ ƒ•–› ƒ† ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ ™‘”†• ƒ”‡ ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡

…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›Š—ƒ•‡ƒ–‹…•Ǧǡ…‘…”‡–‡ǡ•’‡ŽŽ‡†‘—–ǡƒ‹ƒ–‡ȌǤŠ‡™‘”†

̶‡˜‹Žƒ†‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡̶Š‡”‡‹•ƒƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡–Šƒ–•Š‘™•ƒ•‡ƒ–‹……Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‘ˆ

…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Ȁƒ…–‹‘ƒ†“—ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†ǡ–Š‡™‘”†̶‡˜‹Ž̶Šƒ•ƒ˜‡”›—‰Ž›

‘”„ƒ†‡ƒ‹‰ȋƒ„‘—–„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ǡ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”ǡƒ…–‹‘•Ȍǡ™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡™‘”†̶‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡̶

‡ƒ•‘–‰‘‘†‘”†‡˜‹ƒ–‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡‰‡‡”ƒŽ•–ƒ†ƒ”†ǤŠ‡˜‹‡™‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡

‡ƒ‹‰ ‘ˆ ‡ƒ…Š ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ ™‘”†•ǡ –Š‡› ƒ”‡ ”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ ‡ƒ…Š ‘–Š‡” ‹ –‡”• ‘ˆ

‡ƒ‹‰ƒ†”‡Žƒ–‹‘–‘–Š‡‹””‡•’‡…–‹˜‡—•‡•Ǥ…‘’ƒ”‹•‘ǡ–Š‡™‘”†‡–‹œ‡

‹•ƒ‘—…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›Š—ƒ•‡ƒ–‹…•ƒ†…‘…”‡–‡Ǥˆ–Š‡–™‘™‘”†•ƒ”‡

Œ—š–ƒ’‘•‡†ǡ–Š‡›™‹ŽŽˆ‘”ƒ‡™ǡ•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡ƒ‹‰ǡ™Š‹…Š‹•…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‘ˆ

‡–‹œ‡•ƒ„‘—––Š‡”‡•’‘•‡•†‡Ž‹˜‡”‡†‘•‘…‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒˆ”‘‡–‹œ‡•Ǥ

™‡Žˆ–Šǡ –Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡” ˆ‘—† …‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘ †ƒ–ƒ ™‹–Š ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡

ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡† Ϊ •–ƒ–‡Ȍ Ϊ ‘— ȋ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡† „› •‡ƒ–‹… ǦŠ—ƒǡ Ǧ…‘…‡”–ǡ Ϊ…‘—–ƒ„Ž‡ǡǦ‰”‘—’Ȍ…‘–ƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡‡‹’œ‹‰…‘”’—•Ǥ‡”‡‹•–Š‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ǣ

ȋʹͶȌ ‡›ˆ—›

ȋʹͷȌ —›

Š‡†ƒ–ƒƒ„‘˜‡ˆ‘—†–Šƒ––Š‡™‘”†̶˜‡”›ˆ—›ƒ†ˆ—›̶…‘ŽŽ‘…ƒ–‡†

™‹–Š –Š‡ ™‘”† ‡–‹œ‡Ǥ —› ƒ† ˆ—› ™‘”†• ƒ”‡ ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡• ȋƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡•Ȍ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†„›Š—ƒ•‡ƒ–‹…•Ǧǡ…‘…”‡–‡ǡ•’‡ŽŽ‡†‘—–ǡƒ‹ƒ–‡ȌǤŠ‡™‘”†

̶˜‡”› ˆ—› ƒ† ˆ—›̶ Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒ ƒ†Œ‡…–‹˜‡ –Šƒ– •Š‘™• –Š‡ •‡ƒ–‹…

…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…•‘ˆ–Š‡•‹–—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†ǡ–Š‡™‘”†̶ˆ—›̶‡ƒ•„‡‹‰

”‹†‹…—Ž‘—•‘”™‹––›ǡ™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡™‘”†̶ˆ—›̶‡ƒ•„‡‹‰ˆ—›‘”™‹––›ǤŠ‡