125
Islamic Counseling Approach to Improve Adolescent Mental Health
Dede Rosyada1, Syahrullah2, Nahuda3, Dina Rahma Fadlilah4, Irna Hasanah5
1Graduate School of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
2Islamic Education Study, Universitas Islam Jakarta
3,4Faculty of Education Science, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
5Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Mental health is an inner condition that is always in a calm, safe and peaceful state, and efforts to find inner peace can be made, among others, through self-adjustment by resignation (complete surrender to God). In this study, the researcher used references that refer to the discussion of Islamic counseling and adolescent health from 14 previous journals and one book with a range of 2010-2021 to conduct a series of studies.
This research literature review concluded that Islamic counseling guidelines improve adolescents' mental health. The physical presence of the Qur'an brings blessings to people who believe in it. If a person faces life's difficulties and mental turmoil, such as stress, depression, or syndrome, it will be healed by the spiritual "magic" power in certain verses with the holy power of the transcendent realm. Human life is not just physical life.
Keywords: guidance, Islamic counseling, mental health Introduction
Adolescence is a transition from childhood to adulthood, which includes all the stages of development experienced by a person in preparation for adulthood. These developmental changes include physical, psychological, and psychosocial aspects. Adolescence is one of the periods of human development in which there are several changes experienced by humans, namely biological changes, psychological changes, and social changes.1 Piaget in Hurlock (1991: 206) argues that adolescence is when an individual no longer feels below the level of older people. In other words, they are already at the same level, both rights and intellectual level owned, so that the individual begin to be able to integrate with adult society.2
Adolescence is a period of rapid physical, psychological and intellectual growth and development.
Adolescence is characterized by great curiosity, a thirst for adventure and challenge, and the courage to risk thoughtless action. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), boys are the population of the age group 10-19, and according to the Indonesian Health Ordinance Number 25 of 2014, Boys are residents of the 10-18 age group, residents, and families. According to the National Development Planning Agency (BKKBN), the age range for the boys is 10-24 years old and unmarried.3 The World Health Organization (WHO, 2001) states that mental health is a state of well-being that is realized by individuals, in which there
126 their community.4 According to the Indonesian Ministry of Health, mental health is a condition in which individuals can develop physically, mentally, emotionally, and socially so that individuals recognize their own abilities, can cope with pressure, work productively, and contribute to their community.5
WHO reports that 450 million people worldwide have mental health disorders, with a prevalence of 20% occurring in childre.6 Based on data (World Health Organization, 2017) most depression disorders in Asia Pacific occur in India (56,675,969 cases or 4.5% of the total population), while the lowest is in the Maldives (12,739 cases or 3.7% of the population), as for Indonesia as many as 9,162,886 cases or 3.7% of the population.7 Indonesia's 2018 report shows that the prevalence of depression in the population aged >
15 years is 6.1%, while the prevalence of mental emotional disorders is 9.8%. 8 Riskesdas 2013 is known that the prevalence of severe mental disorders nationally is 1.7‰ (per mile), or as many as 1,728 people.8 This condition is lower than the data reported in 2007 which was 4.6‰. 16 The highest prevalence of psychosis or schizophrenia was in Yogyakarta (2.7‰), Aceh (2.7‰), and South Sulawesi (2.6‰), while the lowest was in West Kalimantan (0.7%).9
Based on research conducted in Neighborhood I, Kelurahan Panyabungan II (2021), of 76 respondents, 31 (71.1%) indicated good mental health levels and 19 adolescent (25.0%) had moderate mental health in Kelurahan Panyabungan II (2021) only 3 adolescent (3.9%) have poor mental health.10 Based on research conducted by Winurini (2019), which shows that the majority of pesantren adolescents in Tabanan Regency aged 12-17 years are 139 people, the majority have a good mental health score, which is 72%. A study of 362 students aged 10 to 14 years in primary schools in Turkey also showed that the largest proportion of participants classified into the good mental health group was 246 (68%).11
The 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) shows that mental emotional disorders are experienced by more than 19 million people over the age of 15, and depression is experienced by more than 12 million people over the age of 15. In addition, based on the Sample Registration System conducted by the Research and Development Agency in 2016, data on suicide was obtained as many as 5 people per day or 1,800 people per year, and 47.7% of the number of suicide victims were in the 10-39 year age group, which is the age of adolescent and young adults. productive age.12
Mental health in Indonesia tends to be low. This is evidenced by the rate of deprivation of people with mental disorders of 14% who have been shackled for life and 31.5% shackled in the last 3 months. In addition, only 9% of Indonesians who experience mental disorders can be handled and the remaining 91%
are not handled properly. Usually this unaddressed number of people is an indication of the lack of available mental health facilities plus a lack of public understanding of the signs and impacts of mental health.
Indonesian people tend to give negative stigma to people with mental disorders, for example by criticizing and considering it a disgrace.This causes a person whose mental health is disturbed tend to be difficult to
127 open to seek help or treatment and will actually feel more pressured by the growing stigma. For this reason, people should be more sensitive to mental health problems around them. The first step we can take is to listen to people who are depressed or stressed as an effort to lighten the burden they feel.13
Individual abilities and characteristics, family, school quality, and community level characteristics are some of the factors that can increase or reduce the risk of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders in adolescents. These factors tend to have a cumulative impact. That is, the primary risk factor increases the likelihood of side effects, and the primary protective factor reduces the likelihood of side effects.14
Impact Mental health problems experienced by adolescents will have an impact on their social activities, activities at school, association with friends and family, and productivity, causing physical illness, and if it is severe, people with mental disorders can experience the desire to hurt themselves, and even commit suicide. Criminal acts committed by adolescent, such as alcohol, drugs, and free sex, are usually also influenced by the mental disorders they experience. The impact of mental disorders experienced by adolescents is very worrying, even though adolescence is a time when they can freely work, socialize, and develop.15
Research Methods
In this study, the researcher used references that refer to the discussion of Islamic counseling and adolescent health from 14 previous journals and one book with a range of 2010-2021 to conduct a series of studies, find different theories and ideas, and formulate them according to the research objectives. This research literature review was conducted to draw conclusions about Islamic counseling guidelines to improve adolescents' mental health.
Table 1 List of Literature Used in Research No. Researcher's
Name
Title Publications and Years
Conclusion 1. Khamim
Zarkasih Putro
Understanding the Characteristics and Developmental Tasks of Adolescence
Jurnal Aplikasi Ilmu- ilmu Agama, Vol. 17, No. 1, 2017 Page: 25- 32
The intensity of the needs above are not all the same between individuals with one another, because of different personal conditions, different environmental situations, and there are individuals who want their needs to be met immediately, but in reality many are not fulfilled.
From this description it appears that developmental tasks and needs are something that appears at certain periods in the life span of adolescents. If the tasks and needs can be met, it will bring happiness and success in completing the tasks
128
Name Years
of the next development. On the other hand, if it fails, it will cause unhappiness in the adolescent concerned, lead to community rejection, and difficulties in completing developmental tasks in the following periods.
2. Septiani Selly Susanti
Adolescent Mental Health in the perspective of Islamic education
As-Salam I Vol. VII No. 1, Th. 2018
Adolescent mental health can be overcome with good cooperation between family, school, community and community education environment. In addition to the collaboration of various stakeholders, religion is present as Enlightenment through Islamic education. Islamic education is a scientific field that teaches students (adolescent) the values of Islamic teachings. Islam is an activity that requires humans to be fully human, not only theoretically, but also in practical applications that follow based on the responsibility of all.
3. Saiful Akhyar Lubis
Islamic counseling and mental
education
MIQOT Vol. XXXIV No. 1 Januari-Juni 2010
It can be emphasized that the mental education efforts of the community (especially the Indonesian people) through Islamic counseling services in the main aspects referred to are efforts to strengthen self-image as Indonesian Muslim human beings.
The phenomenon of Islamic counseling has actually been reflected for a long time, which is as old as the age of Islamic boarding schools. Thus, students or the community feel that they have found a satisfactory solution. For Muslims who are known to have a strong religious character, Islamic counseling is a vital vehicle compared to hedonistic secularistic counseling as introduced by Western empirical knowledge. In terms of life beliefs and the psychological condition of the majority of Indonesian people, Islamic counseling is really needed
129 No. Researcher's
Name
Title Publications and Years
Conclusion
as a mental education effort in various aspects of life.
4. Rohmatun Lukluk Isnaini
Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter
Siswa Melalui Manajemen
Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam
Manageria: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam Volume I, Nomor 1, Mei 2016
Strengthening the character of students at school is very important.
Education must be able to fulfill the mission of forming its personality so that students and graduates can participate in the nation's intellectual life without preserving the noble values of personality.
Building people with noble character values requires a lot of effort to achieve. And strengthening students' personalities can be done in a program that guides and supports these students, namely teaching and counseling programs.
5. A. Said Hasan Basri
The role of the media in Islamic counseling guidance
services in schools
JURNAL DAKWAH, Vol. XI No. 1, Januari- Juni 2010
The media as a vehicle for Islamic guidance & counseling has a very large role in helping the application of Islamic guidance & counseling services. The role of this media is not only limited to the use of media senses, but can also function as a unified Islamic guidance and counseling program in schools. For example, for orientation services, these services are usually related to the orientation of new students, to introduce various school activities and guidance and counseling programs such as teaching and learning systems, school environment and facilities and tidying up school rules. The implementation of the delivery can be packaged in a ready-made media format, for example a film recording about the school environment and its facilities, or in an interesting mini notebook format that is distributed to all students.
6. Baidi Buchori Da'wah Through Islamic Guidance and Counseling
Jurnal Konseling Religi 5.1 (2014): 1- 18.
Day by day the problems faced by the Islamic community are increasingly complex. For this reason, the da'i are required to be able to discuss the messages of
130
Name Years
da'wah in accordance with the development of the society they face. Thus the existence of da'wah remains an option to improve the life of mad'u, as well as having the power to solve the problems it faces.
The da'wah language, among others, can be voiced through Islamic guidance and counseling, namely by collaborating the da'wah model into Islamic guidance and counseling. The implementation of da'wah through guidance and counseling can be done well if a da'i in raising awareness to internalize Islamic values / teachings in mad'u is individual, able to establish good personal relationships, oriented to problem solving, conveying messages that have been conveyed.
programmed, and target-oriented 7. Iva Novia dan
Mohamad Thohir
Bimbingan Dan Konseling Islam Dengan Terapi Silaturahmi Pada Seorang Remaja Yang Mengalami Depresi
Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam Vol. 03, No. 01, 2013 Halaman 76 – 95
The implementation of Islamic guidance and counseling with friendship therapy on a depressed adolescent in Sembayat Village, Gresik Regency resulted in changes in the counselee's self. This can be proven by the changes in the symptoms that appear in the counselee after receiving Islamic guidance and counseling categorized as quite successful (60%). The counselee is no longer gloomy and daydreaming, is starting to open up and wants to hang out with his friends and those around him, looks more cheerful, is starting to accept his mother's condition that is sick even though sometimes she feels low self- esteem, and is pessimistic about her future.
8. Ahmad Zainii The Urgency of Guidance and Counseling for
Adolescents (Prevention Efforts
KONSELING RELIGI. Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling Islam 4.2 (2014): 371- 390.
To prevent the problems faced by adolescent, things that can be done are: creating a harmonious family, not equilibrating between adolescent with one another, developing adolescent through
131 No. Researcher's
Name
Title Publications and Years
Conclusion Against Deviant
Behavior)
education, encouraging adolescent to be active in organizations, developing adolescent through interests and talents. Furthermore, if the adolescent has been exposed to a serious problem, the way of handling it is through individual handling (adolescents are handled individually in face to face with a psychologist or counselor), family handling (handling adolescent problems at once to all or part of the family), group handling is almost the same as family handlers and fourth, partner handling. For example, the client is handled alone with his friend, friend or one of his family members and so on
9. Iman Jauhari Health in the View of Islamic Law
Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol 13 No.
3
Tahun 2011 halaman 33-58
Islamic law flexibly responds to technological advances in the medical field. However, there are still taboos and prohibitions to taking advantage of these advances in medical technology. For example, blood transfusions are allowed to save the lives of people who need blood. Tolerance of a blood transfusion depends on the need for an emergency, as there is no other way to save a person's life than a blood transfusion. Similarly, the transplantation of animal organs into human organs can be carried out in very urgent situations, which shows that the organs must be internal organs, which are essentially impure objects, just like human organs, increase. However, technological advances in the health sector, such as human cloning, are prohibited by Islamic law because they are explicitly stated in the Qur'an.
10. Muhammad Rajab
Students' attitudes towards mental health development
Jurnal Konsepsi, Vol.
10, No. 3, November 2021
Islamic Guidance and Counseling material in religious activities is the application of mental health
132
Name Years
based on Islamic guidance and
counseling
development for UPT SMAN 8 North Luwu students. The material in accordance with Islamic guidance and counseling materials including the cultivation of aqidah (faith) as the basis for mental health development, this is given to Al- Qur'an literacy, taklim, and tarbiyah. Next is the worship material that the purpose of Allah swt creating humans is to do service. The form of a servant's devotion is to establish prayer (the habit of praying in the school environment). Moral material is given by PAI & BP teachers in classroom learning, in taklim and tarbiyah it is deepened by being given daily adab materials,
assembly manners, and stories of prophets and apostles.
11. Khamim Zarkasih Putro
Understanding the Characteristics and Developmental Tasks of Adolescence
Jurnal Aplikasi Ilmu- ilmu Agama, Vol. 17, No. 1, 2017 Page: 25- 32
The intensity of the needs above are not all the same between individuals with one another, because of different personal conditions, different environmental situations, and there are individuals who want their needs to be met immediately, but in reality many are not fulfilled.
From this description it appears that developmental tasks and needs are something that appears at certain periods in the life span of adolescents. If the tasks and needs can be met, it will bring happiness and success in completing the tasks of the next development. On the other hand, if it fails, it will cause unhappiness in the adolescent concerned, lead to community rejection, and difficulties in completing developmental tasks in the following periods.
12. Muzaki Islamic Counseling:
An Alternative to Mental Health
Vol. 2, No. 2,
Desember 2019, hlm.
213-226
Islamic counseling services are assistance in the form of relationships in the form of
133 No. Researcher's
Name
Title Publications and Years
Conclusion
encouragement and assistance to individuals to learn to develop their nature and or return to their nature as humans, by empowering faith and reason and all the abilities possessed by each individual. The focus of Islamic counseling is in the form of developing the nature of faith that exists in individuals, because if the nature of faith in the individual develops and functions well, then he is able to give direction, encourage, and control other natures such as physical, spiritual, and nafs.
Result
The results of this study indicate that Islam regulates the use of the Koran and hadith for adolescent mental health. Adolescent who know worship and practice Islamic worship are able to face life's problems, be grateful and productive, use the environment to track situations, and interact with having good mental health standards. Carry out worship in the context of Islam. Memorizing and reading the Qur'an, especially prayer, is one way to realize the physical and spiritual health of the younger generation and realize their great potential, the potential of their region in building the nation's generation. A very good country. &
Indonesia is more advanced.
Discussion
A. Adolescent Mental Health 1. Definition of Mental health.
The term mental health comes from mental health, and the word mental comes from the Greek soul.
Since the word mental and the Latin word psyche have the same meaning, we can conclude that mental health means mental health or mental health. Mental health is a condition of protection against mental disorders such as neuroses and mental illness (adaptation to the social environment). A person's mental health is closely related to the demands of the society in which they live, their life challenges, and their social roles and consequences. A person's mental health can be characterized as avoiding the signs and symptoms of mental illness and realizing the possible balance of the person's mental functions. People with mental illness fear peace of mind. Usually, the cause of psychological disorders is the inability of individuals to face the realities of life, which leads to psychological conflicts within themselves(.16)
134 to these factors, WHO also found that pandemic situations such as COVID-19 are one of the stressors that make people more susceptible to mental illness.17
According to Dr. Jalaluddin, in his book Psychology of Religion, "Mental health is a state of mind that is always in a state of calm, security and serenity. Efforts to find inner peace are an adjustment to surrender (to God). brought with complete surrender)" On the other hand, according to medicine, mental health is a condition that allows a person to develop physically, mentally, and emotionally. And its development is carried out optimally in harmony with the living conditions of others.18
According to Zakiah Daradjat, mental health is the coordination of spiritual and personal functions with oneself and others, based on faith and taqwa, to lead a meaningful and happy life in this world and the future. When mental health is achieved, a person has integration, adaptation, and a positive identity with others. Individuals learn to be responsible, and independent and achieve behavioral integration. According to some of the definitions above, mentally healthy people can achieve harmony of mental function, overcome problems in daily life, feel happiness and self-satisfaction, and can clearly do so.
2. Definition of Adolescent
According to WHO (2018), adolescent are residents of the 10-19 age group, and according to the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 25 of 2014, adolescent are residents of the 10-18 age group, and the age of the Population and Family Planning Agency (BKKBN) adolescent is 10-24 years old and unmarried.3 Adolescents experience abnormal hormonal, physical, and psychosocial changes that are prone to various mental health problems.19
3. Mental Health Problems
There are many different types of mental disorders, including schizophrenia, psychotic depression, bipolar disorder, and antisocial. According to Riskesdes data in 2013, the incidence of mental disorders characterized by symptoms of depression and anxiety has reached around 14 million people over the age of 15 years, or 6 of the total population of Indonesia. On the other hand, the incidence of severe mental disorders such as schizophrenia is around 400,000, reaching 1.7 per 1,000 population. In Indonesia, with various biological, psychological and social factors with diverse populations; the number of cases of mental disorders continues to increase which has an impact on increasing the burden on the state and decreasing human productivity in the long term. The cause of the high rate of mental health problems is also triggered by the lack of public openness about it, they choose to remain silent and try to take care of themselves, in a primitive and ancient way. The lack of transparency also eliminates the possibility of treatment by medical
135 professionals and institutions. People still believe that mental illness is not a serious illness that requires serious treatment and is less dangerous than a physical (visible) illness.20
The problem of adolescent mental disorders has positive and negative impacts. The positive implication is that when adolescents experience stress and other mental health disorders, they can motivate themselves to continue to develop by learning from these frustrating experiences. These negative impacts are exacerbated by juvenile delinquency, substance and alcohol abuse, indiscriminate sex, eating disorders, and lack of confidence in stress and other mental health problems experienced by adolescents. And even commit suicide.13
B. Islamic counseling guidance
Guidance is an activity that provides ongoing support to students so that they can understand themselves, their environment and their responsibilities, and naturally adapt and adapt to their environment.21 According to Jones J.J. explained that: "Guidance is aprocess of helping individual through their own ffort to discoverdevelop their potentialisties both for personal happiness an social use fulnes"
islamic Guidance and Counseling is an activity or process of providing assistance systematically and continuously to Islamic guidance and counseling in helping individuals learn to develop their nature and or return to their nature. The trick is to empower faith, reason, and the will given by Allah to him to study the guidance of Allah and His Messenger, so that the nature that is in him can develop according to the guidance of Allah SWT, so that later people who experience these problems can understand themselves and solve problems so that they are happy. the hereafter in accordance with the provisions and instructions of Allah and His Messenger.22
According to H.M., Arifin Islamic Counseling Aid is a service whose main purpose is to teach students how to live and bring their attitudes and ideas back in the right direction, namely understanding their beliefs and beliefs in Allah. Islamic teachings to be put into practice. According to Tohari Musnamar, Islamic service recognizes the existence of the individual as a creature of God so that he can achieve happiness in this world and in the hereafter by living his life according to God's rules and instructions.23
From the discussion above, it can be concluded that counseling counseling is a process of guidance and support from professionals who are more mature to act, think and make choices according to their ability to find their identity and improve. The person can solve any problem he/she is facing without any problem.
C. Guidance counseling in an Islamic perspective
An activity in the form of providing guidance and teaching to individuals so that their potential for reason and psychology can be developed and overcome the problems that exist in the family and society
136 Islamic teachings were conveyed through the Prophet Muhammad. contained in the Qur'an which is a teaching so that humans can obtain happiness in life both in this world and in the hereafter. Happiness is not only materialistic but more about the serenity of life, peace of mind and the return of the soul to the Almighty in a calm and pure state.24
However, at the same time, humans also have desires which, if followed, can make humans fall into a disgraceful, humiliating, and miserable dignity. As Q.S. Al Baqarah (2) Verse 115:
ْْمُكَّن َوُلْبَنَل َو
ْ ء ْيَشِب
َْن ِ م
ِْف ْوَخْلا
ِْع ْوُجْلاَو
ْ صْقَن َو
َْنِ م
ِْلا َوْمَ ْلْا
ْ ِسُفْنَ ْلْا َو
ْ ِت ٰرَمَّثلا َو
ِْرِ شَب َو
َْنْي ِرِبّٰصلا
Meaning: "And surely we will test you with a trial, namely with fear, hunger, lack of wealth, lives and fruits. Give good tidings to those who are patient (steadfast in facing trials)."
D. Islamic Counseling Guidance Approach in improving mental health.
1. Reciting Al-Qur'an
Najati explained that reading the Koran (the holy book for Muslims) forgives our sins, multiplies our goodness, and increases our hope of entering heaven. Therefore, reading the Qur'an is a remedy for anxiety caused by guilt. Ibn Taimiyah said: The Qur'an is a cure for all chest ailments and those who have doubts or desires in their hearts. The Qur'an contains various explanations that can distinguish what is right and what is wrong.25
Makhdlori speaks of something "magical" or mysterious about the content of the Koran, the highest spiritual power in the metaphysical sense. Poetry is like a talisman that protects those who know its secrets.
the physical existence of the Qur'an brings blessings to believers. When dealing with mental upheavals such as life's difficulties, stress, depression and syndromes, spiritual "magic" powers heal. This is related to the fact that certain verses use the power of the gods based on the transcendental realm. The word of God in Surah al-Araf verse 204 means: The origins of the rules that govern everyday human life and the rules of knowledge about human intellectual activity, both material and immaterial.26
2. Prayer
Prayer has many benefits. One way Miller explains the benefits of prayer is to approach the Most Holy in the way people act, think, and act. Prayer is speech and people will reduce the hustle and bustle of life and will find information about the answers to all questions in life when praying. Prayer is Dhikr and Worship. Prayer has peace of mind and a cure for mental anguish, confusion, and restlessness. Because
137 prayer confirms God's Word and wants God to answer his prayer. After the Petitioner completes me, I will grant the Petitioner's prayer" (Surah Al-Baqarah, 2: 186).27
3. Return To Allah
The problem that people often face is that they are not happy with what they get. Whenever he gets something, he immediately imagines something he has and desperately tries to get it. So, of course, when a man gets what he has, he behaves the other way around. Get bored and leave what you wanted before.
Then change to another wish. This is the root of all the problems that people face.
Imam Ahmad Ibn Hambal said the hadith says that when a person is born, he will be resurrected later, depending on the intentions and personality of his fans. If the character wants to give in to the wishes of the whole world, he will be resurrected in the form of a pig. If the world likes to steal, he was raised in the form of a fox. If the world likes to chew and sting, it was raised in the form of a scorpion. According to Unasril Ali, he will not die in human habits and personality and will be taken to the afterlife. Therefore, when canceled, each person in his true identity shows the other person in the sharp mind, and he is all identity. This is a poem. In the future, when the human spirit is holy in the world, he can see anything in his butter.
4. Clear The Heart
The hadith narrated by Imam Ahmad Ahmad ibn mentions that when a person is born, he will be resurrected later, depending on the intentions and personality of his fans. If the character wants to enjoy his passion on earth, he will be resurrected in the form of a pig. If the world likes to steal, he was raised in the form of a fox. If the world likes to chew and sting, it was raised in the form of a scorpion. According to Unasril Ali, he will not die in human habits and personality and will be taken to the afterlife. So, after his awakening, everyone would reveal their identity and look at others with a sharp inner eye. Then what they saw was the true identity of every enthusiastic person that day. In the world, when the human mind is pure, it can see all those thoughts.28
5. Normalization of the Concept of Patience
As evidenced by the word of God, "Man is definitely in a state of misery" (Sura al-Ballad; 4), man is a painful creature that is not found in other creatures. Thinking about something can increase your initial patience. Suffering is a human measure and a source of human value, but when it comes to the suffering we feel, we are often wrong. We recognize adversity as something wrong. For example, you have a headache and pain that can be treated is the cause of your condition. Of course, if you don't feel sick,
138 a danger in our body that we must overcome immediately.29
Conclusion
From the previous explanation, it can be concluded that counseling guidance activities have been applied from the time of Umar ibn Khattab to the time of Usman ibn Affan. Counseling guidance at this time is called hisbah or ihtisab. The counselor is called a muhtasib, and the client is called a muhtasab alaih.
Counseling guidance in the Qur'an and al-Hadith can be seen in, Muhtasib assistance should be gentle in helping the client to do something because of his own choice continuously to solve the problems he faces and be able to face the crises experienced in his life. In the form of useful speech which aims to prevent the person being advised from disaster or evil and is done sincerely. It is a help that has implications for calm and tranquility, and the target is both those who are wronged and those who are wronged. or the best choice.
And aims to get Allah's guidance
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