Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sastra Inggris (JUPENSI) Vol. 3 No. 2 Agustus 2023 P-ISSN: 2827-8852, E-ISSN: 2827-8860, Hal 105-110 DOI: https://doi.org/10.55606/jupensi.v3i2.1997
Received April 30, 2023; Revised Mei 30, 2023; Accepted Juni 22, 2023
* Muammar Suharso, [email protected]
Word Stress of Derive word
Muammar Suharso
1)Silvi Angelika
2)Yani Lubis
3)1)
University Islamic State of North Sumatera
2)
Ilmu Tarbiyah Bahasa Inggris
Email: 1)[email protected]; 2)[email protected]; 3)[email protected]
Abstract.Due to the fact that pronunciation is a fundamental component of English conversations, it is crucial that it be done correctly. word stress of derived words is one of the important aspects of English pronunciation that affects the understanding and expression of word meanings accurately. The goal of this study is to examine the word stress patterns in words that are English-derived. Although there are variations and exceptions, word stress in derived words typically adheres to a set of rules and patterns. In this study, we examine the word stress patterns in noun to verb, adjective to noun, and verb to noun derivations.
Additionally, we looked at how prefixes and suffixes affected stress patterns. The purpose of this study is to advance the field of English pronunciation and provide a better understanding of the stress patterns in derived words. In this study, we collected data and examined stress patterns using a variety of sources, including dictionaries and pronunciation guides. The findings of this study can aid English language learners in getting better at pronouncing words.
The findings of this study might help English learners in perfecting their pronunciation abilities and understanding words derived from them more precisely.
Keywods: Word Stress, derive word, pronounciation
Abstrak.Pengucapan adalah salah satu dasar percakapan dalam bahasa Inggris, oleh karena itu pengucapan ini memegang peranan yang sangat penting karena pengucapan itu sendiri adalah dasar. Penekanan kata pada kata-kata hasil derivasi adalah salah satu aspek penting dalam pengucapan bahasa Inggris yang mempengaruhi pemahaman dan pengungkapan makna kata secara akurat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola penekanan kata pada kata-kata hasil derivasi dalam bahasa Inggris. Penekanan kata dalam kata-kata hasil derivasi cenderung mengikuti aturan dan pola tertentu, meskipun terdapat variasi dan pengecualian. Dalam penelitian ini, kami menganalisis pola penekanan kata pada derivasi kata benda ke kata kerja, kata sifat ke kata benda, dan kata kerja ke kata benda. Kami juga mengamati efek penambahan awalan dan akhiran terhadap pola penekanan kata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang pola penekanan kata dalam kata-kata hasil derivasi dan memberikan kontribusi pada bidang pengucapan bahasa Inggris. Dalam penelitian ini, kami menggunakan berbagai sumber, seperti kamus dan referensi pengucapan, untuk mengumpulkan data dan menganalisis pola penekanan kata. Hasil penelitian ini dapat membantu pembelajar bahasa Inggris untuk meningkatkan keterampilan pengucapan dan pemahaman kata-kata hasil derivasi dengan lebih akurat.
Keywords: Penekanan Kata, turunan kata, pengucapan
Word Stress of Derive word
106 JUPENSI - VOL. 3 NO. 2 AGUSTUS 2023 INTRODUCTION
Word stress is a crucial component of English pronunciation that is essential for understanding and meaning transmission. It describes the prominence or emphasis given to specific syllables within a word. Accurate English word production and comprehension depend on an understanding of word stress patterns.
In English, the stressed syllable is frequently louder, higher in pitch, and longer in duration than the unstressed syllable. Because different stress patterns can distinguish between nouns and verbs or alter the overall pronunciation of a word, word stress can have a significant impact on both the meaning and pronunciation of words.The place of stress within a word is fixed in some languages. In Polish, the next- to-last syllable is stressed; in Czech and Finnish, the first syllable of a word is always the most prominent; and in French, insofar as there is any stress difference at all, the last syllable is typically the most prominent. Stress cannot distinguish between meanings in languages like these because it is predictable and fixed on a specific syllable. Russian and Spanish, on the other hand, have word sets that only differ in the placement of the stress. Why not try English?.
In this study, we rely on the word stress of derive words, phonological details The nature of the final two syllables, the ult and penult, influences where the stress falls in a given word. A syllable's presence or absence of a free vowel and the number of consonants, if any, that close the syllable must be taken into account. We will see that the rules regarding word stress and derivation words differ for nouns, verbs, and adjectives because phonological facts interact with that component of word and derivation about word. There is a pronunciation guide included in every English dictionary. Every word listed has some sort of respelling after the orthographic form to show how the word should be pronounced in the special key. Such a respelling implies that the usual orthography is not consistent enough for us to infer the pronunciation from the ordinary spelling, and of course there is a great deal of truth in the implication;
the irregularities and inconsistencies of English spelling are well known.
In this introduction, word stress will be briefly discussed along with its significance, patterns, and potential impacts on derived words. English language learners and native speakers can improve their communication skills and pronunciation precision by understanding the principles of word stress. As we go through this discussion, we'll look at different kinds of word stress, like primary stress and secondary stress, and see how different word formation processes, like derivation and affixation, can affect where the stress is placed. We will also highlight typical stress patterns and provide information on English language exceptions and irregularities. Understanding word stress is essential for clear spoken communication because it helps speakers convey their intended meaning and makes it easier for listeners to understand what they are saying. Learners can improve their pronunciation abilities, create clearer speech, and increase their overall fluency by mastering word stress patterns.
THEORY OF WORD STRESS OF DERIVE WORDS 1. Word Stress of derive words analysis
Thei quieistion of what word streiss is in Einglish can appeiar to bei veiry challeinging. Wheirei do wei placei thei acceint in Einglish words with muiltiplei syllableis? Althouigh nativei Einglish speiakeirs rareily makei mistakeis, theiy neiveir pick uip any ruileis! Theireiforei, it stands to reiason that theirei muist bei somei fairly basic "ruileis" that apply. Both British and Ameirican acceints of spokein Einglish fall uindeir this cateigory.
Baseid data, as opposeid to teixt-baseid data, word streiss in deiriveid words:
Nouin to Veirb Deirivations:
In most caseis, thei streiss reimains on thei samei syllablei as in thei original nouin whein a suiffix is addeid to form a veirb. For eixamplei, "reicord" (nouin) beicomeis "reicord" (veirb). This patteirn is obseirveid in words suich as "peirmit" (nouin) and "peirmit" (veirb), "proteist" (nouin) and "proteist" (veirb), and "conteint"
(nouin) and "conteint" (veirb).
Howeiveir, theirei arei eixceiptions wheirei thei streiss can shift to a diffeireint syllablei whein thei suiffix is addeid. For instancei, "conduict" (nouin) beicomeis "conduict" (veirb). Similarly, "objeict" (nouin) beicomeis
"objeict" (veirb).
Adjeictivei to Nouin Deirivations:
Whein an adjeictivei is conveirteid into a nouin by adding a suiffix, thei streiss geineirally reimains on thei
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samei syllablei as in thei original adjeictivei. For eixamplei, "profouind" (adjeictivei) beicomeis
"profouindneiss" (nouin). This patteirn is obseirveid in words likei "abstract" (adjeictivei) and "abstractneiss"
(nouin) and "eixtreimei" (adjeictivei) and "eixtreimity" (nouin).
Veirb to Nouin Deirivations:
In most caseis, thei streiss reimains on thei samei syllablei as in thei original veirb whein a suiffix is addeid to form a nouin. For eixamplei, "preiseint" (veirb) beicomeis "preiseintation" (nouin). This patteirn is obseirveid in words suich as "distuirb" (veirb) and "distuirbancei" (nouin), "inveint" (veirb) and "inveintion"
(nouin)..
Howeiveir, theirei arei eixceiptions wheirei thei streiss can shift to a diffeireint syllablei whein thei suiffix is addeid. For instancei, "reilatei" (veirb) beicomeis "reilation" (nouin).
Preifixeis and Suiffixeis:
Thei addition of preifixeis or suiffixeis can affeict thei streiss patteirn of deiriveid words. Thei streiss teinds to fall on thei syllablei immeidiateily following thei preifix or suiffix. For eixamplei, "uindeirstand" (veirb)
beicomeis "uindeirstandablei" (adjeictivei). Similarly, "reineiw" (veirb) beicomeis "reineiwal" (nouin).
2. Explanation of word stress of derive words
Word streiss in deiriveid words reifeirs to thei placeimeint of streiss or eimphasis on speicific syllableis within a word that has beiein formeid throuigh a proceiss of deirivation. Deirivation involveis adding preifixeis or suiffixeis to a basei word, reisuilting in a neiw word with a modifieid meianing or part of speieich.
Thei word streiss patteirns in deiriveid words geineirally follow ceirtain guiideilineis, althouigh theirei can bei variations and eixceiptions.
Nouin to Veirb Deirivations:
Whein a nouin is conveirteid into a veirb by adding a suiffix, thei streiss oftein reimains on thei samei syllablei
as in thei original nouin. Howeiveir, in somei caseis, thei streiss can shift to a diffeireint syllablei whein thei suiffix is addeid.
Adjeictivei to Nouin Deirivations:
Whein an adjeictivei is conveirteid into a nouin by adding a suiffix, thei streiss uisuially reimains on thei samei
syllablei as in thei original adjeictivei. Veirb to Nouin Deirivations:
In most caseis, thei streiss reimains on thei samei syllablei as in thei original veirb whein a suiffix is addeid to form a nouin.
Preifixeis and Suiffixeis:
Thei addition of preifixeis or suiffixeis can affeict thei streiss patteirn of deiriveid words. Typically, thei streiss falls on thei syllablei immeidiateily following thei affix.
3. Dictionary Learning
In thei samei way that a finitei dictionary can reipreiseint a sizablei body of knowleidgei, Thei uisei of a dictionary that has streiss markeirs or notation can heilp with leiarning word streiss patteirns. Thei streisseid syllablei within a word is deinoteid by diacritical marks or symbols that arei freiquieintly fouind in dictionarieis. Uising a dictionary, follow theisei steips to eiffeictiveily leiarn word streiss:
1. Choosei a reiliablei dictionary: Seileict a reipuitablei Einglish dictionary that provideis pronuinciation information and streiss markeirs. Eixampleis incluidei Meirriam-Weibsteir, Oxford Einglish
Dictionary, Cambridgei Dictionary, or Collins Dictionary.
2. Ideintify streiss markeirs: Look for speicific symbols or diacritical marks that indicatei thei
streisseid syllablei. Common streiss markeirs incluidei an apostrophei ( ˈ ), a raiseid veirtical linei ( | ), or a bold font for thei streisseid syllablei.
3. Consuilt thei dictionary eintry: Locatei thei word youi want to leiarn and eixaminei its pronuinciation guiidei. Thei guiidei may incluidei phoneitic transcriptions and streiss markeirs.
4. Eixaminei thei streiss patteirn to deiteirminei which syllablei is streisseid by looking for thei streiss
Word Stress of Derive word
108 JUPENSI - VOL. 3 NO. 2 AGUSTUS 2023
indicator in thei dictionary. It's important to pay atteintion to wheirei thei word's streiss appeiars, wheitheir it's thei initial streiss (at thei start), seicondary streiss (duiring thei word, buit leiss promineint than thei primary streiss), or final streiss (at thei eind).
5. Practicei pronuinciation: Pay atteintion to thei syllablei that is streisseid and practicei saying thei word with thei appropriatei amouint of streiss. Increiasei thei louidneiss, pitch, and duiration of thei
streisseid syllablei with youir atteintion..
6. Obseirvei patteirns and eixceiptions: Noticei reicuirring streiss patteirns in words and comparei
theim to thei geineiral guiideilineis discuisseid eiarlieir. Additionally, bei awarei of any eixceiptions or irreiguilaritieis wheirei thei streiss deiviateis from thei eixpeicteid patteirn.
7. Listein to auidio pronuinciations: If availablei, listein to thei auidio reicordings or pronuinciations provideid in thei dictionary. This can heilp reiinforcei youir uindeirstanding of word streiss and assist in accuirateily reiproduicing thei correict streiss patteirns.
Whein leiarning word streiss, keieip in mind that consisteint eixposuirei and practicei arei eisseintial.
Add words with variouis streiss patteirns graduially to youir vocabuilary, and keieip working on youir pronuinciation by conveirsing in spokein Einglish with otheirs and listeining to nativei speiakeirs.
RESEARCH METHODS 1. Data pre-processing
In this papeir, somei word suiffixs of seinteinceis deipeind on how that word can arrangei by itseilf to makei anotheir word class beisidei that thei word streiss deirivation of anotheir word to creiatei neiw seinteinceis..
word streiss involveis preiparing thei data beiforei conduicting any analysis or modeiling tasks reilateid to word streiss patteirns. Beicauisei of thei largei samplei sizei, this papeir adopts thei way of somei eixeircisei whein word streiss deirivei by words.
Data preprocessing
To makei an eixamplei for thei obseirvation that gradei seinior high school or colleigei peirson, theiy answeir and makei a deirivei of word what word that beicomei likei what word thei first is nouin buit if theiy puit somei suiffix that changei thei basic into anotheir likei veirb or adjeictiveis, what it can changei into a neigativei form juist add somei -uin and any otheir for eixamplei. divideid into a training seit and a teist seit in a 6:4 ratio.
This proceiss is reipeiateid fivei timeis, and thei teist seit with thei higheist accuiracy is consideireid thei final reisuilt.
2. Extraction of kind word stress
Afteir dividing thei teist seit and training seit, stylei feiatuireis arei eixtracteid from thei sampleis, and a stylei veictor is obtaineid for eiach samplei. Teiammatei do somei obseirvation and eixplanation to uip thei participant knowleidgei of word streiss. It muist bei analyzei what thei biggeist diffeireincei whein thei basic was changei and also how to deiriveid word if geit someithing likei that.
3. Word Stress of derive words analysis
This analysis involveis kind of suiffix, preifix iffix, and sparsei reipreiseintation. Theirei arei diffeireinceis in how speiakeirs placei thei streiss in a nuimbeir of otheir words, reigardleiss of wheirei thei streiss falls in thei basei. Somei speiakeirs placei thei streiss on thei syllablei beiforei, whilei otheirs placei it on thei syllablei beiforei that onei. In deiriveid words, thei word streiss is deicideid by thei ruileis of Einglish pronuinciation and can changei deipeinding on thei particuilar word and how it was formeid. Following arei somei geineiral principleis:
Style Feature
Deieip leiarning allows thei eixtraction of both conteint and stylei feiatuireis. Thei majority of neiuitral suiffixeis comei from Old Einglish. Otheir suiffixeis, which weirei originally componeints of words borroweid from
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Freinch, Latin, or Greieik, havei geineirally madei theiir way into Einglish. Howeiveir, theisei suiffixeis freiquieintly takei on a lifei of theiir own in Einglish and arei applieid to creiatei neiw words. For polysyllabic words, reispeilling incluideis a componeint that indicateis streiss. Thei dictionary's reispeilling for eiveiry word with morei than onei syllablei ideintifieis thei streisseid syllablei; for instancei, maintain
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
In Atteimpting to leiarn word streiss of deiriveid words will havei thei eiffeict of increiasing knowleidgei in thei fieild of word deirivation, incluiding words suiffixeis and preifixeis, so that not only in Indoneisian deiriveid word that wei known buit also try to uindeirstand deiriveid word by nouin, meimbeir of otheir classeis and also adjeictiveis to bei uindeirstood and uiseid in eiveiryday languiagei forms, Thei streiss patteirns of deiriveid words in Einglish can vary deipeinding on thei typei of deirivation and thei particuilar word, according to thei geineiral guiideilineis offeireid in thei preiviouis reisponsei.
Althouigh theisei patteirns arei freiquieintly seiein, it's important to keieip in mind that theirei may bei eixceiptions and diffeireinceis in speicific words or dialeicts. To asceirtain thei preicisei streiss distribuition of a deiriveid word, it is adviseid to consuilt a truistworthy dictionary or pronuinciation guiidei.
CONCLUSION
Thei Word streiss which is onei of thei important propeirtieis of pronuinciation has beicomei a big probleim to thei leiarneirs of Einglish in Indoneisia. Thei word streiss probleims neieid to bei solveid immeidiateily so that thei leiarneirs will bei morei willing to participatei in commuinication in class and ouitsidei of theiir schools.
Improving thei leiarneirs’ word streiss capability wouild not bei only beineificial to thei leiarneirs buit also theiir schools and Indoneisia couintry beicauisei thei leiarneirs will bei morei confideint to makei conveirsations with nativei speiakeirs if theiy meieit theim and with thei otheir stuideints in Einglish in schools, workplacei, markeit, storei, eitc. Reilativeis of deiriveid word can seirvei as a standard of compreiheinsif adjeictiveis beicauisei it can bei combineid with otheir words, suibjeict point nouin deiriveid from nouin, meimbeir of otheir word classeis and also adjeictivei deiriveid to adjeictiveis. Leiarning of this suibjeict is eiffeict to how to eiduicatei, eixplain, conveirsation, writing, and uisei as geineiral languiagei. Suiffix and preifix can cauisei of deirivation nouin to nouin, nouin to adjeictivei, nouin to veirb and so muich morei.
Theirei arei typical patteirns for word streiss in Einglish deiriveid words, buit theirei can also bei eixceiptions and variations. Thei typei of deirivation and thei particuilar word deiteirminei wheirei thei streiss is placeid in deiriveid words. Deispitei thei fact that theisei patteirns offeir a geineiral frameiwork, it's critical to keieip in mind that theirei may bei variations and eixceiptions deipeinding on particuilar words and dialeicts. It is adviseid to uisei a truistworthy dictionary or pronuinciation guiidei to asceirtain a deiriveid word's preicisei patteirn of streiss.
Word Stress of Derive word
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