Waste Water Treatment Evaluation System with Extended Aeration Oriented Green Building Concept

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Waste Water Treatment Evaluation System with Extended Aeration Oriented Green Building Concept

Sultan Gayu Kirana Putra, F Rooslan Edy Santosa, Ronny Durrotun Nasihien Faculty of Engineering, Civil Engineering Study Program

Narotama University Surabaya

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract

Surabaya is the second largest city in Indonesia. Lately, the environment has become a fundamental issue in various human activities, one of which is the development of the hotel infrastructure and its supporting facilities.

The hotel's infrastructure development impacts the green building concept-oriented wastewater. But if the development pays attention to environmental aspects, it can save the environment. The wastewater sources of hospitality activities come from bathrooms, over-flow, septic tanks, used water ablutions, kitchens, Restaurant, and others.In general, the hotel infrastructure development activities start from planning, implementation and operation as well as maintenance. Each stage should pay attention to the positive and negative impacts of an activity/project plan. The construction of the hotel should refer to the comfort and attention to its environmental impact, to be a cool and comfortable hotel as well as a building that is energy saving and the impact on the environment is minimal (Sudarwani, 2012). The method used for sewage treatment of this hotel is to facilitate processing unit Sawage Treatment Plant with extended aeration capacity of 300 m3/day. The cost required to make Sawage Treatment Plant processing unit with extended aeration is Rp. 555,855,300.00. When using the system anaerobic Baffled Reactor cost Rp. 226,951,442, 00.

Keywords :

Extended Aeration, Green Bulding Concept, Hotel, Wastewater

1. Introduction

1.1. Research Background

In order to maintain the quality of groundwater, the government issued regulation of the Minister of Environment Decree No. 112 of 2003 and obliged to charge the business or activities of settlements, eateries, offices, businesses, hotels and apartments to perform the domestic wastewater treatment so that the quality of domestic wastewater disposed to the environment does not exceed the quality standard of waste water. To implement government policy, Ciputra World Surabaya Hotel facilitates its building with Sawage Treatment Plant with extended aeration capacity of 300 m3/day.

Based on this background, the problems to be examined are:

1) What is the process of wastewater treatment with the extended aeration system in Hotel Ciputra World Surabaya?

2) How is the waste water treatment system oriented green building concept?

2. Literature Review and Hypothesis Development

2.1. Past Researchers

Here are some research related to the evaluation of wastewater treatment with extended aeration system oriented green building concept:

a. Rahani Yuanda Kusuma Dewi, Planning wastewater Treatment Plant Dairy farms and tofu industry activities (Kusumadewi, 2016).

b. Nanda Sri Novi, evaluation of the performance of waste water treatment plant at Tanjungpura University, PontianakDwica Wulandari, Evaluasi Desain Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Kantor Pusat Pertamina (Novi, 2019).

c. Mulyono, evaluation and planning of sanitation infrastructure at the Women's Community Institute class II A Malang city (Mulyono and Hadi, 2018).

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45 2.2. Waste Water

2.2.1. Understanding Wastewater

a. Waste water is water that has decreased quality due to human influence. Urban wastewater is usually streamed in combination waterways or sanitary lines, and processed in wastewater treatment or septic tanks. The processed waste water is released to the receiver's water body through the external channel.

Waste water, especially urban waste, can be mixed with various impurities such as feces and urine.

b. Waste water sources

The formation of waste water flow resulting from human waste, feces, urine or other bodily fluids, called also with black waste, the production of septic tanks, production of sewage treatment, water used for washing, is also called with gray water, rainwater falling on the roof and yard and not collected, rainwater flowing on the highway, parking area, and other infrastructure.

c. Wastewater Treatment

The water disposal system is found in various types of waste water treatment, except septic tank which cultivate wastewater in the place. Some factors affecting the quality of wastewater are the volume of wastewater, pollutant content, and waste water disposal fracurence. To overcome this wastewater is required processing and handling of wastewater.

d. Waste water characteristics

1) Liquid waste is usually known as water pollution entity. Components of water pollution in the primarily consist of solid waste, organic waste, and inorganic waste.

2) Solid Waste

3) Waste gases and particles

e. Understanding extended aeration system

f. The extended aeration system is a continuing aeration system. The processing can be broadly divided into three namely biological processes with suspended culture, biological processes with attached culture, and the process of processing with the lagoon or pond system. The biological process of tesuspensi is a processing system using the activity of microorganisms to describe the pollutant compounds in the water and microorganisms used or bred suspended in the reactor.

g. Sawage Treatment Plant extended aeration

h. Sawage Treatment Plant Wastewater system is planned to reduce the organic burden of BOD = 250 mg/L, COD: 300 mg/L, SS: 300 mg/L with an average discharge of 300 M3/day.

2.3. Green Building Concept

Green building definition is the building which has since begun in the planning phase, development, operation maintenance Considering the aspect aspects in protecting, saving, reducing the use of natural resources, maintaining the quality of indoor air quality and attention to the health of its occupants. The intent and purpose of green building in the design to reduce environmental impact is awakened to human health and nature. Building Evironment Management (BEM) aspect is an important assessment in green Building certification. If the method of application of Building Evironment Management aspect can be applied precisely, then the costs incurred in the construction process of green building can be seen clearly so that the future aspect of BEM can be used as an important element in construction project in Indonesia especially Green buiding.

Water Conservation is a deliberate behaviour with the intention of reducing the use of fresh water, through technology or social behaviour. Water conservation can also be called by water saving (Fikriyah, 2016).

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3. Research Method

Figure 1. Research Flowchart

4. Result and Discussion

4.1. Wastewater Treatment Stage

1) Grease Trap

Dirty water coming from kitchen into grease trap. In Grease trap there is a basket screen. This basketball screen serves to capture solid fats and oils in wastewater. The fat is dense, the oil is separated by gravity, due to the difference in.

2) Grit Chamber

The dirty water comes from the toilet and the sink enters into the grit chamber. In this space the heavy materials such as sand, scrap of iron or material with a larger type of water will be precipitized. These materials must be removed every day, inserted pockets and dumped into the trash.

3) Equalizing Tank

Identify The Issue

Data Collection

Primary Data 1. Surveys and

documentation 2. Interviews and

observations

Secondary data

1.

Data from Company

2.

Waste water management system

Data Management 1. Descriptive analysis

2. Methods of comparison of waste water management systems (Microsoft Excel 2016)

Finished Conclusion

Start

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Equalizing tanks play a crucial role in the treatment of domestic wastewater. The overflowing wastewater headed towards an equalizing tank has fluctuating COD and BOD charges. The waste water that has been accumulated in the tree is stirring by arranging water with the purpose of BOD and COD's homogeneous values.

In this space, the wastewater is routinely given the air from the blower through the diffuser. In the equalizing tank, there are 18 diffusers.

4) Aeration Tank

Aeration tank is blocked into 3 parts namely aeration Tank 1, aeration tank 2 and aeration tank 3. The dirty water from the equalizing tank first fills the aeration tank 1, then overflow via the base of the tub into the aeration 2 and then to the 3 aeration. In space aeration tanks, wastewater is routinely given air from the blower through the diffuser.

5) Sedimentation Tank

In the sedimentation of tanks there are lamella that serves to separate liquids and suspense particles (MLSS) derived from the aeration of tanks. In this tank the larger density of the mud will settle on the base Sedimentaiton tank. Karean precipitation process occurs continuously, then the amount of mud will increase as the function of time. In the sedimentation of tanks there is an elevator, which serves to move the mud continuously to the aerated tank 1. If the MLSS in the tank aeration is already fulfilled which is 2800-3500 mg/l, then the mud is moved to Sludge storage Tank.

6) Sludge Distribution Box

Sludge distribution box serves to regulate the mud return of sedimentation of tanks. The fluid in the sludge distribution box by the water lift pump is returned to the aeration tank 1 if the MLSS in the aeration tank is still less than the interval of 2800-3500 mg/l, then the mud is sent to sludge storage tanks. How to: Valve to the aeration of tanks closed and valve to sludge storage tanks opened.

7) Sludge Storage Tank

This tank only serves as a mud shelter derived from the sedimentation of tanks. In sludge storage tanks There are 3 diffusers, which serves to aerate the mud to keep it in aerobic condition, so as not to smell foul.

Water sludge will flow overflow to equalizing tanks. The mud that is active is sucked by the feces car (1 year).

8) Chlorination Tank

The water that flows into the chlorination tank is injected with the Capilorite solution continuously using dosing pump. The dose of the capilorite injected into the water is maintained at about 7 mg/L as free chlorine or on average 11.7 mg/L is a capilorite. This chlorine injection aims to kill the existing pathogenic bacteria of water. The process of chlorination in addition to the purpose of disinfectant also bias used to reduce ammonia that are not oxidized during biological treatment process. For perfect oxidation, ammonia with chlorine is 1:7.6 or 1 mg N-NH3 need 7.6 mg. The water stay time in this tank is set for 30 minutes, so that bacteria or pathogenic microorganisms die. From the chlorination water tank, the processed result flows in an overflow to intermediate tanks.

9) Intermediate Tank

Intermediate tanks function to accommodate water derived from chlorination tanks. Water in intermediate tanks is sucked by a filter transfer pump with a capacity of 25 m3/hour for filtered. Dipipa to sand and carbon filter can be flas mixing for PAC coagulant injection. The processed water that still contains fine particles will react with PAC forming a larger floc, this floc will be stuck in sand filter.

10) Sand and Carbon Filter

The STP-processed water is further processed with sand and carbon equipment to allow water bias to be utilized to flush the planting and flussing toilets. In this project used sand filter media that has a filtration capacity of 25 m3/hour. This sand filter contains silica sand that serves to capture fine particles. Generally water coming out of sand filter, the content of SSnya is very small on average less than 1 mg/L with turbidity meter less than 0.5 NTU. Carbon filter contains carbon media that serves to capture organic substances and smells.

11) Effluent Tank

In effluent tanks, processed water that has qualified exhaust water with COD value 30 mg/L, BOD5 20 mg/L and SS 30 mg/l can be directly disposed to the city channel. Water processed waste should be checked regularly to the laboratory every month by referring to the regulation of the governor on the domestic waste water standard.

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4.2. Operation Sawage Treatmen Plant Equipment Extended Aeration 1) FAN

Fan should work continuously for 24 hours, because the fan serves to turn the fresh air. Fresh air is indispensable for the growth of aerobic bacteria. Air is also required for personnel in charge of operating and equipment maintenance.Pada Sawage Treatmen Plant ini terdapat 4 (empat) unit blower, 2 unit Blower ( Blower 1 dan 2) untuk supply udara ke Equalizing Tank, sludge storage tank dan sedimentasi tank 2 unit blower lainnya yaitu blower 3 dan 4, untuk supply udara ke Aeration Tank.

4.3. System Maintenance Extended Aeration 1) Prevention

So that the system is functioning properly it is maintained continuously for equipment and systems to work normally. Make a list of complete and routine check lists. All equipment should be checked regularly, including pumps, dosing pump chemical tanks and other essential equipment

On the equipment a. Blower

Check the oil level, daily, fill and replace the oil gearbox with SAE 200 oil regularly, monthly, grease content with high temperature weekly grease, clean the Silencer filter routinely weekly, check the hook bolts, including pulley tray bolts, non-slack bolts, check the whole (alignment) pulley motor blower, check the unusual sound blower, check the voltage, ampere motor blower, routinely, do penceghan to keep the corrosive periodically , check the V-belt every day. 1 year once V-belt should be replaced, notice! Do not get solid material in blower machine.

b. Submersible Pumps

Check voltage and ampere, wipe from garbage wrapped in routine, check and tighten hook, Minggguan, check electrode (WLC) on equalizing tank, effluent tank, intermediate tank, and treated water tank, weekly, do the painting so as not to corrosion, including the Rellnya Guide regularly, substitute oil turbine pumps using SAE 10 annual oil.

4.4. Schedule Routine Maintenance STP Extended Aeration

Table 1. The STP Extended Aeration Treatment Schedule

NO Types of Care Every

day

Every Sunday

Every month

Every year 1 Routine surveillance throughout the

system

X

2 General cleaning X

3 Check the volume Kong in the Flow control box

X 4 Check the flow volume in the Flow

control box

X

5 Check the mud return X

6 Check and clean tank sedimentation X

7 Check Blower Equipment X

8 Check pump Equipment X

9 Check supporting equipment X

10 Check the quality of processed water X

11 Check and clean the screen X

12 Check the Control Panel function X

13 Check the oil blower X

14 Add grease to the blower X

15 Clean the air filter X

16 Check slang in dosing pump, if compressed and add chlor routinely

X

17 Oil Blower Replacement X

18 Clean and paint metal parts X

Source: Primary Data, 2015 4.5. System Fee Evaluation Extended Aeration

Wastewater treatment system is a lot of macamnya, but for hotel Ciputra World uses an extended aeration system. Extended aeration system has a weakness that requires considerable power aerator and high level of mekenism. The cost of construction and operations of Ciputra World Surabaya Hotel spend Rp.

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555,855,300 to get this IPAL system. Cost analysis along with technical specifications as follows:Parameter Design STP system extended aeration.

Table 2. Parameter Design STP

No Parameter Design Inlet Outlet STP

1 BOD 250 ppm 250 ppm

2 COD 300 ppm 300 ppm

3 Incoming Debit 300 m³/day 300 m³/day

4 SS 300 ppm 300 ppm

Source: Primary Data, 2015 Table 3. Scope of Work

No Description Scope of works

1 Civil work Excluded

2 Inlet/outlet Pipe Excluded

3 Water to test com Excluded

4 Cable feeder Excluded

5 Clean water installation for chlorine Excluded

6 Control Panel and Cables Excluded

7 Equipment installation Included

8 Testing and Commissioning Included

1. Final Price STP System Extended aEration

Total price of material STP capacity of 300 m3/day including preparatory work is as follows:

Table 4. of Cost Evaluation of STP Extended Aeration Installation System Final Recapitulation

I Preparatory Work Rp. 10,000,000

II Installation Sewage Treatment Plan Rp. 495,323,000

Sub - Total Rp. 505,323,000

Ppn 10% Rp. 50,532,300

Total Cost Rp. 555,855,300

With this extended aeration system can be compared with anaerobic baffled reactor system. Anaerobic baffled reactor system also has an advantage, it costs a little in terms of operational because it does not use electrical energy, adequate removal efficiency. The downside is that the reduction of pathogenic bacteria and low nutrient, the Effluentnya still requires the management of the supplement, requiring a pre-treatment to prevent the occurrence of clogging. The following cost analysis for the management of wastewater with anaerobic baffled reactor system.

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Table 5. STP Cost with Anaerobic Baffled System Reactor

No Stages of construction Unit Total Cost (Rp)

Preparation Stages

1 Lightweight field cleaning and leveling m³ 450,680

2 Demolition Paving not reused m³ 240,620

3 Bouwplank manufacture m³ 3,325,000

Main occupations

1 Excavation of ordinary soil m³ 9,181,587

2 Ground transport from the pit m³ 2,010,000

3 Concrete Floor Plate Work m³ 13,281,265

4 Concrete formwork Column Job m³ 5,820,473

5 Reinforced Concrete Beam work m³ 11,305,311

6 Reinforced Concrete wall Work m³ 79,552,190

7 Concrete Lid plate Work m³ 14,151,565

8 Installation of dirty water pipe diameter 3 " m³ 1,925,554 9 Installation of dirty water pipe diameter 4 " m³ 128,382

Finishing work

1 Waterproof coating m³ 4,555,568

2 Deterranean Land Returns m³ 805,550

3 Heavy field cleaning and leveling m³ 905,089

Total Cost 226,951,442

From the evaluation of anaerobic baffled reactor system can cost Rp. 226,951,442. This result is certainly cheaper than using the extended aeration system.

5. Conslusion

Based on the results of research and discussion conducted by researchers on the evaluation of the management of waste water oriented green building concept with the extended aeration system in Hotel Ciputra World Surabaya, it can be obtained the following conclusions:

1) Hotel Ciputra World has been through eleven stages in the water management process is the oil separator of water (grease Trap), where the process of sewage treatment (grit chamber), Bak/tank to align the flow of water (equalizing tank), aeration tanks, sedimentation tanks, sludge distribution boxes, sludge storage tanks, chlorination tanks, intermediate tanks (tank intermide), sand and carbon filters (sand and carbon filter), effluent tanks (effluent tanks)...

2) Processed water that has qualified exhaust water can be directly disposed to the city channel. Water processed waste should be checked regularly to the laboratory every month with reference to the governor's regulation on the standard of waste disposal water. Based on the results of the evaluation of the cost budget plan in the hotel Ciputra World, extended aeration system is more expensive than the system anaerobic Baffled Reactor. Result of system calculation of extended aeration Rp.

555,855,300.00. As for the system anaerobic Baffled Reactor Rp. 226,951,442, 00. However, the extended aeration system is easier to handle because it is already using electrical energy.

Refrences

Fikriyah, P. A. (2016) Konsep Green Building di Gedung Perkantoran Spazio Surabaya. Universitas Brawijaya.

Kusumadewi, R. Y. (2016) ‘Perencanaan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Kegiatan Peternakan Sapi Perah dan Industri Tahu’, Jurnal Teknik ITS, 5(2).

Mulyono and Hadi, N. A. (2018) ‘Evaluasi dan Perencanaan Prasarana Sanitasi di PT Panti Sosial Wanita Kelas II Kota Malang’.

Novi, N. S. (2019) ‘Evaluasi Kinerja Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Rumah Sakit Tanjungpora U’, Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan.

Sudarwani, M. M. (2012) ‘Penerapan Green Architecture dan Green Building Secagai Upaya Pencapaian Sustainabel Architecture’, Universitas Pandanaran.