Then the researcher thinks that code switching is necessary to anticipate the problems in the teaching learning process. What is the type of code switching used by English teacher in the teaching learning process at SMP N 2 Babadan in Academic year 2014/2015. To analyze the effects of code switching used by English teachers in the teaching learning process.
Technique of Data Collection
The researcher used a structured interview, a structured interview is planned for the specific purpose of obtaining certain information from the subjects. From the teacher, the researcher can get information about the code-switching that the teacher used in the learning process, from the students, the researcher can get information about the effect of the code-switching used in the learning process. In this research, the researcher used a questionnaire to determine the negative or positive effects of code switching used by the teacher in the learning process of teaching.
Technique of Data analysis
Then the data will be analyzed to get the description about teacher used of code switching in teaching process, and the clear meaning of code switching. In this step, researcher draws the conclusion from data obtained since the beginning of the research. The data collected in this research must be analyzed. In this research, researcher used content analysis to analyze the data.
Organization of the Thesis
It involves a theoretical discussion of reviews that relate to research; language variation, bilingualism, code, code switching, types of code switching, function of code switching, previous research results. It consists of type code switching, effect code switching which the teacher used in the teaching process. Here the researcher explains language variation, bilingualism, code, code switching, types of code switching, reason for code switching, code switching in teaching learning process.
Language Variety
Style is the kind of language variation in which the speaker chooses certain linguistic forms over others that contain the same information. The language variation can affect some factors that are factors of language variation based on social factors are:36. A participant factor based on Holmes is divided into some criteria. The following are criteria for participants to influence the language used.
Bilingualism
Nowadays, many people speak more than one language, and this is especially common for people living in bilingual and multilingual societies. In which there are two different language systems and there is no direct connection between them. There are three types of bilingualism that have a relationship between concepts and words consisting of compound, coordinate and sub-coordinate bilingualism.
Code
This is often particularly useful for the bilingual and multilingual speaking community.46 There are five areas: family, friendship, religion, education, employment. The influence of social factors is reflected in the language they choose to use. The right choice of code can be useful to connect with some situations. there are two concepts of drawing situations related to code selection:49 a.
Code Switching
According to Hymes, code-switching has become a common term for the alternative use of two or more linguistic varieties of language or even speaking style.54 This means that when we code-switch not only between languages, but also when we can to switch from one variety to another can be called code-switching. It is the same with the statement "speakers are not confined to one speech variety, formal or informal, but often move from one variety of English to another or even from one language to another and sometimes do so within the same discourse, this movement between varieties. or language can be called code-switching.55. There are many definitions of code switching, based on some of the above definitions the researcher concludes that code switching is the alternation of the use of two or more languages or movement between varieties that occurs in sentences when bilinguals speak in their conversation.
Types of Code Switching
Intersentential code switching occurs when a complete sentence in a foreign language is spoken between two sentences in a base language. A situational code switch occurs when a change in the situation occurs that causes the bilingual to switch from one code to another. Metaphorical code switching occurs when there is a change in perception, purpose, or topic of conversation.
Functions of Code Switching
- Participants
- Status
- Switching for affective functions
- Lexical borrowing
That's the way - the money that's there can't go back to the shareholders and the assembly raised all these arguments. When a language reflects a lack of vocabulary that can be replaced by another language, code switching occurs. Based on the above function of code switching, the researcher can conclude that code magic plays an important role in society and that code switching is especially necessary in a bilingual society, because code switching can solve the problem of communication, which is explained as in the above function.
Code Switching in the Clasroom
78Mohamed El Mamoun Abdel Magid1 & Abdelrahim Hamid Mugaddam, “Code-switching as an interactive tool in ESL classrooms,” 39. According to Kumar and Arenda, they “found that grammar instruction was the area containing the greatest amount of code-switching. From the above statements, the researcher can conclude that code switching is an effective teaching strategy to increase the communication activity in the classroom.
PREFIOUS RESEACH STUDIES
The second is research of Dwi nur indahsari, students of IAIN Tulungagung, the title is Analysis of code switching used by the teacher for the teaching-learning of English in the first grade of SMPN 2 Sumbergempol in the academic year. What is the type of code switching used by the English teacher in first grade of SMPN 2 Sumbergempol. Why does English teacher in first grade of SMPN 2 Sumbergempol use code switching in teaching and learning process.
The first research problem is to know the types of code switching used by English teacher in teaching and learning English process. The researcher found some types of code switching that the teacher used to teach and learn English. The researcher found two types of code switching that the teacher used to teach and learn English process.
The second research problem is to answer the English teacher's reason for using code switching in teaching and learning process. For these reasons, the teacher uses code switching in their teaching and learning process. The similarities Dwi research with this research is the same with the title of research, It is the use of code switching in teaching learning process.
83 Dwi Nur Indahsari, Analysis of code switching used by the teacher for teaching English learning in the first grade of SMPN 2 Sumbergempol in the Academic Annual Thesis, IAIN Tulungagung, 2014).
GENERAL DATA 1. Observation 1
It was started by the teacher asking the students about the thing he was detained. After the students finished naming the things, the teacher divided the students into a few groups. Furthermore, the teacher instructed the students to do a simple conversation about their special place and mentioned the things over there.
The teacher asked them to participate in the presentation of the conversation in front of the class. The teacher continued the lesson by giving tasks about plural and singular things. The students' task was about observing and distinguishing the plural and singular to check the students' understanding.
The teacher asked them to write their answers on the white board one by one. There are several events in which the teacher has used code switching, like us: explaining the topic (the thing that surrounds us), giving the task, observing the thing in the classroom and in the text, giving grammar instructions for plural and singular things, pronunciation of complete sentences about things, giving instructions when doing some tasks, measuring students' understanding of the differences between plural-singular forms, mentioning vocabulary items to students one by one, giving advice to students. The teacher used code-switching to clean up students' pronunciation, classroom management, and motivation in the final teaching process.
Sometimes the teacher connected the student's text with the teacher's experiences in getting good responses from the students.
SPECIFIC DATA
Tag Code Switching
Intra-Sentential Code Switching a) Code Switching by Words
Inter-sentential Code Switching
Situational Code Switching
Guru : Benda-benda yang ada di sekitar kita, hari ini topik kita adalah itu, jadi hari ini kita akan mempelajari benda-benda yang ada di sekitar kita. Guru : Halo Jusril, bisakah kamu mendengar suaraku, jika tidak bisa, kursi depan masih tersedia.
Metaphorical code switching
1 Apakah Anda memahami materi bahasa Inggris yang disampaikan guru dengan menggunakan dua bahasa yaitu bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Inggris? 4 Apakah penggunaan dua bahasa yang dilakukan guru secara bergantian dapat membantu Anda memahami instruksi yang diberikan? 5 Apakah penggunaan dua bahasa yang dilakukan guru membantu Anda memahami kata-kata baru atau sulit?
8 Dapatkah penggunaan bahasa bergantian yang dilakukan guru membantu Anda memahami tata bahasa (aturan pembuatan frasa atau kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris). 9 Apakah penggunaan dua bahasa yang dilakukan guru secara bergantian dapat membantu kelas Anda menjadi lebih disiplin? 10 Apakah penggunaan dua bahasa secara bergantian oleh guru dapat membantu Anda dalam mengerjakan tugas-tugas yang berkaitan dengan teks dalam bahasa Inggris?
10) According to most students' answer is B, it means 12 students chose it, the percentage is about 54.54.
DATA ANALYSIS
Code switching used in teaching learning process consists of five types; there are tag code switching, intra-sentential code switching,
- Tag Code Switching
- Intra-Sentential Code Switching
- Inter-sentential Code Switching
- Situational Code Switching
- Metaphorical Code Switching
The effect of code switching used by English teacher in teaching learning process
For the students, code-switching can make students quickly understand the teacher's utterance, whether it is related to the lesson or another. As the example from the observation, when the teacher gives individual assignments to the students, they feel problems. The result of the questionnaire showed that most students (59.09.) agree that code switching makes students active in doing their task in class because the teacher facilitates them in class.
The result of the questionnaire showed that most of the students (68.18) agree that code switching helps students understand the teacher's instruction. It was similar to the observational finding: the teacher used code switching to convey instructions. If the teacher has a question related to vocabulary, the students cannot answer that question.
Based on classroom observations, the teacher used code-switching to help students gain confidence and not feel nervous when doing assignments in front of the class. In this situation, the teacher provides humor so that the students can focus on continuing the learning activity. The teacher also stated that code switching in grammar is very necessary and the teacher hopes that the students can understand the concept of the example.
Based on the observation, the researcher finds that the teacher used code switching to manage the state of the class.
Conclusion
In this chapter, the researcher gives some conclusions and suggestions from the data analyzed.
Suggestion
Code switching is a way to make the study language easier, so it will be useful if the teacher is used for transferring material and communication with his students as an exercise in the four English skills in the teaching-learning process. Code switching can facilitate the learning activity, especially when it involves using foreign languages to understand the main point of the lesson. This dissertation can be a reference for those who want to continue this research or conduct research with another teaching method or strategy that can improve the English teaching and learning process.
An Analysis of Code Switching Used by a Teacher for Teaching-Learning English in the First Grade of SMPN 2 Sumbergempol in an Academic Year Thesis, IAIN Tulungagung, 2014). Code mixing in teaching speaking skills in the seventh grade of SMP Negeri 2 Ponorogo in the graduation part of the academic year, Muhammadiyah University of Ponorogo, 2014).
