The priests (Ashi-wa-ni) of Zuiii suppose that not only these, but all the real fetas, are the actual petrified animals which they represent, or were originally such. However, I did not manage to record verbatim even parts of this indigenous literature, as the priests who are its guardians jealously guard it and repeat it publicly once every four years and then only in the presence of priests of various orders.
PREY GOD FETICHES
These children cut the face of the world with their magical blade, and were pressed down on their shields in the caves where all the people were. And when they had laid upon the magic shield the rainbow, and over it the arrows of lightning, towards all parts of the world, they took their position facing to the right.
CUSBINO.] MAGIC SPIRIT POWER. 15
POWER OF THE FETICHES
PREY GODS OF THE SIX REGIONS
Therefore I give you and your children forever the dominion of the predatory gods and the guardianship of the great Northern World (for your yellow jacket), that you from that quarter guard the e\nlu]>s coming over mine. Therefore I make thee the younger brother of the Mountain Lion, the guardian and lord of the West, for thy coat is of the land-colour of the night," etc.
THEIR POWER AS MEDIATORS
THEIR WORSHIP
PRET GODS OF THE HUNT
THEIR RELATION TO THE OTHERS
On and on the Sha'-la-k'ofol- . let him down, till he came to the edge of a great shoot, and looking over the edge discovered the hiding-place of all the wild beasts of the world. "Aha! so here you all are," he said. "I will hasten back to my father, P4-u-ti-wa,* who hungers for meat, alas! and grows weak." the wind returned the Sha' lak'o to Ko-thlu-el-loune.. formed the Ka'-ka, and a word was sent out by the swift Sa-la-mo-pi-at to all the We -ma-aha-i for advice and assistance, for the Wema-a-ha-i were now^ the Fathers of the people and the Ka'-ka. The Mountain Lion, the Coyote, the Wild Cat, the Wolf, the Eagle, the Hawk, the Ground Owl and the Mole were summoned, all hungry and thin, as were the Ka'-ka and the children of men, for want of the flesh of the game. Then the passing speed carriers, the Sa-la-mopia, of all colors, the yellow, the blue, the red, the white, the multicolored and the black, went to . accompany the We-ma-ii-ha-i to the cannon valley of the Snail People.
Stronger than the Mountain Lion's but more agile than the Mountain Lion, the Wildcat grabbed him and threw him to the ground. Across the western gap rushed the Mountain Sheep, herded and led by Coyote and the blue Sa-la-mo-pia, toward the great western ocean where the ancient blue mountain stands. Across the southern border rushed the Antelope, herded and driven by the wild cat and the red S4-la-mopi-a, to the great wine country where the ancient red mountain stands.
Through the eastern gorge the 0-ho-li, driven and driven by the Wolf and the white Sd-la-mo-pi-a, rushed to the place where "they say" is. In the earth the Eabbits, the Eats and the mice dug, out of sight of the eagle, the falcon and the ground owl, but the prey mole and the black Sa-la-mo-pi-a followed them thither to the four caves (wombs ) of the earth, under which stands the old black mountain.
24 ZUNI FETICHES
According to this classification, which is native, the fetishes of the Mountain Lions are shown in Plate IV. The fetish of the yellow mountain lion (Ila'k-ti t; L'sh-a-na thlup-tsina), or the God of the North (Plate IV, Fig. 1), is of yellow limestone.* It is smooth carved and apparently of great age. as evidenced by the luster and patina, the latter being partly blood. The fetish of the blue mountain lion, of the West (Ha'k-ti ta'sh-a-nathli-a-na), is shown in Plate IV, Figure 2.
Fig.5 is according to the more elaborate of the two, and is indeed the most perfect fetish in the collection. The fetich of the many-colored Coyote (Sus-k'i i-to-pa-nah-na-na), of the Upper regions, is reproduced in Plate V, Fig.G, representing the man and woman together, and the latter is indicated. simply by the smaller size and the shorter tail. The fetiches of the Wild Cat, chief of which is God of the South, are represented on Plate VI.
They are characterized by short horizontal tails and in most cases by vertical faces and short ears, less upright than in the fetishes of the Coyote. 5 and 6 of Plate VI represent the fetika of the white Wild cat (Tepi k'o-ha na), of the East, and are of compact white limestone carefully shaped and polished, the one representing the perfect animal.
28 ZUNI FETICHES
The fetishes of the Eagle, God of the Upper Regions, and his younger brothers from other regions (K'iii'-k'iii-li we-mawe) are presented in Plate VIII. Further details are seldom attempted, owing to the fact that all the other principal animals of prey are quadrupeds, and a simple indication of the bird-form is sufficient to recognize the eagle among them. 1, represents the fetich of the yellow eagle (K'iji'- k'iiili thb'ip-tsi-na) from the southern sky.
Lamina VIII, fig. 4, ket gistay natural a pirgis ti conii)act a puraw nga apog, a mangibagi iti puraw nga agila (K'iiL'k"iii-li kViha-na), ti su-tcbu-tcliou iie) daya a langit ti makinngato a rehion, ti abuabu kolor ti bagi a mabaliwan babaen kadagiti pirsay ti pnre tnrkois a naikabil kadagiti mata, barukong ken likud. K'iii'-k'iali kwin-ne) dagiti nababbaba a rehion.
The fetishes of the mole, or god of the lower regions (K'ia'lu-tsi we-ma-we, in the sacred orders; Mai-tu-pu we-jua-we, in the order of the hunt), are represented in the collection of two copies only, plate. 1, which represents the fetich of the wliite mole (Mai-tupu ko-ha-ua) of the eastern lower regions.
THEIR RELATIVE VALUES
These fetishes are unpopular because they are considered less powerful than those of the larger predators, are very rude, and are either rude designs without any definite form (Plate II, Fig. 6), orally orally rnnd artificial exanias, as in Plate IX, Fig. . The fetichs of the barn owl (Prairie Dog variety-—Thla-po-. po-ke'-a'w^-ma-we) of all regions are still more rarely represented and evenly distributed than those of the mole. The Falcon Fetichs (Pi-piw6-ma-we) are included in the Eagle species, as they are called the younger brothers of the Eagle, and supply the place of the Red Eagle, which variety is very rarely met with.
Orderoftbe Ilunt (tbe Coyote society or theSa-nia-k'ia-kwe), given for traditional reasons greater sacred raidc tban tbe MountainLion, be .. is, as a PreyBeing, a degree lower, to be god of tbe West, which follows. depressions tbe Nortb iu order of imi)ort?,nce. But we find the mountain lion and coyote fetishes far more prized than any of the others, and in turn are more numerous. The Coyote in rank is younger brother to the Mountain Lion, as is the Wild Cat's younger brother to the Coyote, the Wild Cat's Wolves, and so on to the Mole, and.
In consanguinity, however, the yellow mountain lion is considered the older brother of the blue, red, white, spotted and black mountain lions; It is the blue Coyote, the older brother of the red, white, yellow, spotted or mottled and black Coyotes. This also applies to the Coyote which is favored by the hunter of the mountain sheep; that of the Wild Cat, by the hunter of the Antelope; that of the Wolf, by the hunter of the rare and highly prized 6-bo-li; that of the Eagle and the Falcon, by the hunter of rabbits; and that of the Mole, by the hunter of other small game.
THEIR CUSTODIAN
So let us conclude that in the north all the Preyara gods are represented, as well as the Mountain Lion, except that they are yellow. The Mountain Lion is also believed to be a special hunter of Elk, Deer and Bison (no longer resident in New Mexico). The exception to this rule is individual and is based on the belief that any of the gods of loot are in some degree in a particular game. everyone else GodsofPrey.
32 ZUNI FETICHES
Facing in the direction of the area to which the particular fetich belongs which he designs to use, he sprinkles into and over the vessel the sacred prayer or medicinal meal. Then holding a small amount of the meal in his left hand, over his heart area, he removes his headband and says the following prayer. If a hunter is not a member of the above orders, while he should ask a member to secure something for him in the manner described, he is nevertheless as privileged to use it as.
This knot should be tied like a regular cat knot, but always from right to left, so that the ends of the four strands extend from the center, like a sofa spider for the legs from its own. It is applied to the place over which the animal's heart is supposed to rest or pass. This expression exhorts that logs, sticks, branches, trees, and vines hinder the progress of the pursued auimids.]
Three or four times Hethen utters a long low cry: "Hu-u-u-u!" It is believed to be the breath of the god, which was temporarily inhaled by the hunter, and exhaled-. While skinning and quartering the game, he is careful to cut out the tragun or the small inner part of the ear, the blood clot in the heart. a'-temul li-li-k'o-na), and to keep some hair.
38 ZUNI FETICHES
The fetish is returned to the Keeper of the Deer Medicine with thanksgiving and prayer, similar to what was spoken when I took it, but which I also cannot reproduce.
THEIR POWER
PREY GODS OF THE PRIESTHOOD OF THE BOW
THE KNIFE-FEATHEEED MONSTER, THE MOUNTAIN LION, AND THE GKEAT WHITE BEAR
SHIELD ANDJ^ETICH OF THE PRIESTHOOD OF THE BOW
THE SHIELD AND FETISH OF THE CLERGY BOV>/" .. cusmsG.] THE GODS OF THE CLERGY QF LOK. These fetishes — more often of the Mountain Lion than of others; very rarely of the Knife-feathered Demon — are constantly car- . which the warriors keep abroad in sacks like hunting, and in the like manner But they do not return to the headquarters of the society when not in use, but are treated with the other]) implements of their owner as parts of his Sa-wa-ui -k'ia, are always near him.
RESEMBLANCE TO THE PREY GODS OF THE HUNT
THE RITES OF THEIR WORSHIP
At this point, still continuing the prayer, he scratches or cuts the earth or sand with the edge of the arrowhead, which is tied to the back or feet of the fetish, about two or three inches long. These lines, although made directly in front of the speaker, relate to the four points of the comjjass, not taking into account the other two areas, because it is impossible for the enemy to inflict damage from above or below the plane on which the subject is moving.
CU6HIN0.] KITES OF THEIR WORSHIP. 43
OTHER FETICHES
FETICHES OF NAVAJO ORIGIN
AMULETS AND CHARMS
CUSHISG.) AMULETS AND CHARMS. 45
