S. No. Name of Insecticides Concentration (Percent)
4.5 Efficacy of insecticides against borers on guava
5.1.2 Correlation co-efficients between borers incidence and abiotic factors
The simple correlation co-efficients between borers incidence and weather parameters and their combined effect at both the locations are presented in Table 2 and 4. It was observed that the borers incidence was postively and significantly correlated with maximum and minimum temperature, evening relative humidity and rainfall at both the locations.
However, morning relative humidity was also postively correlated at both the locations, but it was not significant at Udheywalla. These results con-oborate studies of Yadav and Pandey (1995b) who also found that the correlation between level of pest infestation and temperature, relative humidity and rainfall was significant and positive. The results of present investigation revealed that the weather parameters had influenced the borers infestation to the extent of 63.2 (R2=0.632) and 62.6 per cent (R2=0.626) at Udheywalla and Raya respectively.
5.2 Weight loss due to infestation
The data in vweight loss presented in Table 5 indicates that loss in fmit weight due to the borers infestation ranged between 13.0 to 16.0 per cent. In a similar study, Biswas et al. (1995) also reported that due to infestation of V. isocrates to guava, there was 22.78 and 6.8 per cent weight loss in Kazipiare and Swarpkethi cultivars. The difference between the present findings and those reported in literature may be due to different cultivars involved.
5.3. Varietal susceptibility to guava borers
On the basis of results presented in Table 5 it was concluded that Banarsi surkha, Hybrid no. I and Hybrid no. 2 were the least susceptibile cultivars compared to L-49, Allahabad safeda and Apple coloured. In similar studies conducted by Sandhu et al. (1979) it was found that Red flesh had very low infestation whereas apple guava showed serious infestation. Yadav and Pandey (1994) found that cultivar Sindh was the most resistant. The differences in the present finding and documented values may be due different geographic locations, climatic conditions and the selection of cultivars.
5.4 Efficacy of insecticides against borers on guava
The result of present investigation on the efficacy of various insecticides after conducting 2 sprays against guava fruit borers are presented in Table 7 and 8, it is clear that dimethoate (0.05%) and polytrin- C (0.04%) proved to be most effective, followed by cypermethrin (0.02 %)
in reducing the pest infestation upto 14 days. Endosulfan (0.07%), carbaryl (0.10%) remained effective only upto 7th day after each insecticidal applications. Neem oil (3.00%) proved to be least effective in obtaining adequate control of borers infestation in guava.
In earlier studies also number of insecticides have been tested for these efficacy against the fruit borers such as D. punctiferalis and V.
isocrates. For instance Singhvi et al. (1971) compared different insecticide for the control of D. punctiferalis and reported complete mortality 24 hours
after application with DDT (0.1%), parathion (0.05%) and dichlorvos (0.05%). However, other insecticides such as endhn (0.05%), dichlorvos (0.025%) required 48 hours and fenitrothion (0.05%) and parathion (0.025%) 72 hours for causing 100 per cent mortality of the pest. In a similar study, Sarpja et al. (1973) tested 11 insecticides for the control of D. punctiferalis attacking castor and found that fenitrothion (0.05%), parathion (0.05%) gave the best results and resulted in highest yield.
The results are also in agreement with the findings of Shukia and Prasad (1983) who found that 3 alternate sprays of phosphamidon and dimethoate (0.05%) were effective in controlling of V. isocrates, where as other insecticides such as monocrotophos (0.12%) and phosalone (0.10%) used duhng February, April and December, respectively gave significant control of the pest. The present findings also revealed that endosulfan and carbaryl were effective upto 7th day after insecticidal application. Similar results were obtained by Sinha and Roy (1984) who suggested that application of carbaryl (0.20%), quinalphos (0.05%) and
phosphomidon (0.03%) were effective for the management of this pest.
The present findings are in conformity with those of Kakar et al. (1987) and Kabre and Mohalkar (1993) who also found cypennethhn to be most effective for the control of V. isocrates.
From the present studies, it can be concluded that systemic insecticides and pyrethroids were more effective against borers compared to other insecticides.
The present investigation entitled "Seasonal incidence and management of lepidopteran fruit borers on Guava {Psidium guajava L)"
was undertaken in the guava orchards of Sher-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu during the year 2000-2001 at Udheywala and Raya.
The borers started appearing in the month of June in cultivar L-49 and remained active throughout the period of experimentation at both the stations (Udheywalla and Raya) except from October to November However, it again appeared in the month of December and remained upto January 2001 with very low infestation at Udheywalla, whereas no infestation were recorded at Raya from September onwards. The pest population was quite high from July to September (32nd standard week) at both the stations v^th a peak population on 14th August at Udheywalla and 17th August at Raya and moderate in the subsequent months. The period between July to September was quite favourable for the multiplication of borers and coincided with the inflorescence on guava trees.
The peak infestation of guava borers was observed during August when the temperature was static with high relative humidity and rainfall. The correlation co-efficients between borers infestation and weather parameters revealed that the borers infestation was positively correlated with maximum and minimum temperature significantly at both the stations.
Though morning humidity and percentage of borer infestation was positively correlated but was not statistically significant at Udheywalla, whereas it is significant at Raya. However, the correlation between the borer infestation and evening humidity and rainfall was positive and highly significant indicating their pronounced influence on infestation. Further the weather parameter had influenced the borer infestation significantly at both the stations.
The studies revealed that the cultivar L-49 had highest weight loss (13-16g) due to the borers infestation. The borers infestation {D.
punctiferalis and V. isocrates). was found highest in the cultivars Allahabad safeda, L-49 and Apple coloured with low infestation in Hybrid no. 1 and very low in Hybrid no. 2 and Banarsi surkha.
Amongst different insecticidal treatments dimethoate 0.05 per cent and polytrin-C 0.04 per cent were most effective and at par in suppressing the borers infestation during the two sprays conducted followed by cypermethrin 0.02 per cent which also proved its significance during experimentation. Endosulfan (0.07%) and carbaryl (0.10%) remained effective only upto 7th day of each insecticidal application, whereas neem (3.00%) proved to the least effective in obtaining adequate control of borers infestation.
On the basis of the investigations carried out during 2000-2001 it could be concluded that —
Though morning humidity and percentage of borer infestation was positively correlated but \A/as not statistically significant at Udheywalla, whereas it Is significant at Raya. However, the correlation between the borer infestation and evening humidity and rainfall was positive and highly significant indicating their pronounced influence on infestation. Further the weather parameter had influenced the borer infestation significantly at both the stations.
The studies revealed that the cultivar L-49 had highest weight loss (13-16g) due to the borers infestation. The borers infestation (D.
punctiferalis and V. isocrates). was found highest in the cultivars Allahabad safeda, L-49 and Apple coloured with low infestation in Hybrid no. 1 and very low in Hybrid no. 2 and Banarsi surkha.
Amongst different insecticidal treatments dimethoate 0.05 per cent and polytrin-C 0.04 per cent were most effective and at par in suppressing the borers infestation during the two sprays conducted followed by cypermethrin 0.02 per cent which also proved its significance dueing experimentation. Endosulfan (0.07%) and carbaryl (0.10%) remained effective only upto 7th day of each insecticidal application, whereas neem (3.00%) proved to the least effective in obtaining adequate control of borers infestation.
On the basis of the investigations carried out during 2000-2001 it could be concluded that —
1) The peak infestation of guava borers (D. punctiferalis and V. isocrates) was observed in month of August.
2) Temperature, relative humidity and rainfall had significant positive correlation viflth the borers infestation and the abiotic factors were responsible to influence the infestation upto 63.2 and 62.6 per cent at Udheywalla and Raya respectively.
3) The infestation level was higher in irrigated area (Udheywalla) compared to rainfed area (Raya).
4) Guava cultivars L-49, Allahabad safeda and Apple coloured were most susceptible to borers infestation as compared to Banarsi surkha, Hybrid no. 1 and Hybrid no. 2.
5) Dimethoate (0.05 per cent), polytrin-C (0.04 per cent) were the most effective insecticidal treatments in checking the borers infestation.
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