The fifth craft product which was chosen for the study in this thesis is Diya or earthen lamp. This craft item falls in the category of pottery industry. The pottery is a traditional craft practice followed by human civilizations from the past. Tough it is a practice which has longhistory as mentioned in chapter 1 of this thesis there is a slow degradation in this craft practice due to modernization.Fig.3.24 illustrates the pottery craft practice which was used for the production of Diya. The main point of focus in this thesis is the skills which are required in the production of Diya by the craftsman who is involved in this industry. The subject who was studied in this case study has practiced this profession from last 15 years. After a contextual inquiry (Appendix A) into the Diya making process it was inferred that he had learned this practice from his forefathers who also got this knowledge of pottery from their ancestors. But due to modernization slowly the pottery industry is losing is charm among the youths to take up this practice.
Fig.3.24: Diya craft making process (Source: Author generated)
After the case studies were selected and their processes were studied by doing an ethnographic as well as contextual enquiry into the process, a protocol analysis was carried for each of the data collected from the studies. The case studies were thoroughly examined and the next step of protocol analysis was carried out to separate the tacit and then implicit part in the process of making the craft.
Process map of the Diya
Collection of mud/clay
Kneading of mud
Removal of
unwanted material Putting the mud on the potter’s wheel
Making of the Diya
Drying it in the sun Baking it in
the oven Finished
Diya To the
market
Fig.3.25: Process map of Diya making process (Source: Author generated)
The process of Diya making starts with the selection of the mud/clay, which is suitable for the Diya making. This is done by the craftsman along with checking the quality of the mud in the region nearby. The next step involves in the kneading the mud which is done to smoothen it. Then unwanted materials like grass, straws and stones etc. from the mud is separated. This is done by using a metal string to slide into the lump of the mud initially taken for making diyas. The potter then starts to make the diyas by using his hands to give a shape it and then carefully separates it from the wheel and keeps it for drying. After the drying of the diyas in the sun, they are then baked in the oven to strength it. The final diyas are then obtained. The protocol analysis of the process was done to separate the tacit and the implicit component of craftsman thinking model. This is shown in the Table- 3.2 below.
Table.3.2: Extraction of tacit knowledge from the Diya making process Steps Processes Photos/videos Task/protocols
carried by the craftsman
Knowledge type
Explicit knowledge Implicit knowledge 1 Obtaining
the clay
‘We have to see the quality and the grain size of the
mud/clay’
Chemical
composition of the mud should be known
The experience of choosing the mud for a time period has made the craftsman to correctly select the mud quality just by seeing it (color).
2 Kneading the mud/clay
‘We need to knead the mud to soften it’
The mud should be soft enough to get a proper shape
The softness of the mud is known
by just touching it with hand
3 Removal
of unwanted material
‘we need to remove the grass and stones present in the mud’
Removal of
unwanted materials is necessary for the smooth product free from cracks
~
4 Making
of the Diya
‘The Diya has to be round in shape’
Roundness here can be termed into Dimensions Form
The implicit part here is the extent to which it can be made round depends on the craftsman (variation in the geometrical variations) 5 Drying
the Diyas in the sun
‘We need to dry it to make it strong’
The solidness of the Diyas are measured by how dried it is.
The craftsman can see the color and feel to judge the dryness of the Diyas 6 Baking
the Diyas
‘The Diyas are baked’
It gives enough strength and resistant to resist oil during its usage
The color and temperature is set with the
experience of baking it for years.
After the tacit and the implicit components of the Diya making process was developed the next step was to generate the tacit markers from the protocol analysis. This was used for the digitization of the whole Diya making process. Fig.3.26 shows the generation of the markers. We call these marker as tacit markers. These markers are the indicators of the patterns which are followed by the craftsman in their process in different domain. In case of the Diya making process some of the tacit markers are illustrated in the Fig.3.26.
Fig.3.26: Generation of the tacit makers in the Diya making process (Source: Author generated) Once the tacit markers are generated the different groups of the diyas are compared based up several factors. Given below is a comparison between different groups of Diya based up their forms.
Group A Group B Group C
Group N Craft Domain 1
Analyzing each group by dividing each into
grids
Normalizing the distances from the
extreme points in each grids
Comparing it with other products in the
same group to get a pattern
Writing a set of rules for
that particular
group
Classifying them according to the set of
rules
Fig.3.27: Proposed steps to compare the different groups of Diya (Source: Author generated)
The different groups of the diyas were physical measured. The different features, which were measure for a Diya, were Upper diameter, Lower diameter, height, nose radius, thickness, depth and inner diameter. These features can be seen in the Fig.3.28 below.
Nose
Depth
Lower diameter Upper diameter
Inner diameter
Height
Thickness
Fig.3.28: Different nomenclature of the Diya (Source: Author generated)
The Fig.3.29 shows the measurements taken for two craftsmen from two different regions of India.
Fig.3.29: Measurement of different parameters based on the shape of the Diya from two craftsmen.
(Source: Author generated)
Since any craft item is 3Dimensional so we required the 3D thumbprint to compare it with other similar craft of the family e.g.-Diya of same group. So, Microsoft Kinect V2 along with Kscan 3D1.2 and Skanect was used for the scanning and getting a 3D file of the Diya. Microsoft Kinect V2 is a device which has three sensors in scanning an object. The two sensors take the image of the object and the infrared sensor which is the third sensor tries to calculate the depth of the object scanned.
Skanect is a software which helps to read the scanned image and convert it into 3 Dimensional cloud points or any other meshing format which can be read in the system. With the help of device and the software the image of the Diya was scanned to get the 3D file that contains most of the physical features related to curves and the color of the Diya.
Fig.3.30: Kinect V2 and KScan 3D file of the Diya (Image source: Internet and Author generated, 2017)
With the help of 3D file of the Diya the comparison between the different Diya from different craftsman was easier. The next Chapter deals with the analysis of the data collected from the various case studies mentioned in this chapter. For each of the case studies the different tacit as well as the explicit component of the knowledge was calculated.