MANIPUR CENTRE
C. Introduction of HYVs of rice Fig 54. Various Pilot studies under
NMSHE (TF-6)
ESTIMATION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES STATUS OF RICE AND MAJOR VEGETABLES OF MANIPUR
A rapid and reliable reverse phase high performance chromatograph (RP-HPLC) method coupled with modified QuEChERS was developed for
the instantaneous detection of insecticides residues of imidacloprid, carbofuran, chlorantraniliprole, fipronil, malathion, chloropyriphos and cypermethrin in cabbage, cauliflower and rice grains. The separation of insecticides was performed by C18 column with UV- VIS detector. The dual pump functions as isocratic flow of mobile phase of acetonitrile and water (90:10, v/v) with the flow rate of 0.5 mL min-1 at 225nm. The peaks of imidacloprid, carbofuran, chlorantraniliprole, fipronil, malathion, chloropyriphos and cypermethrin in chromatograms observed at retention times of 2.66 min, 3.25 min, 3.54 min, 4.03min, 4.17 min, 8.63 and 9.94 mins, respectively. Another method of RP-HPLC was also developed by using modified QuEChERS for simultaneous detection of residues of thiamethoxam, flubendiamide and endosulphan in cabbage, cauliflower and rice grains. Mobile phase of acetonitrile and water (90:10, v/v) @ 0.7 mL min-1 flow rate was operated at 230 nm. The residues of thiamethoxam, flubendiamide and α-endosulphan and β- endosulphan presented distinct peaks at retention times of 1.95 min, 2.40 min, 3.39 min and 3.90 min respectively. Constant recoveries for both the methods were observed above 80 % for all the three insecticides when samples were fortified at different levels of 0.05, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mg kg-1 levels.
The rice grains collected from different districts of Manipur were analyzed for estimating the residues of chemical insecticides like thiamethoxam, flubendiamide, endosulphan, imidacloprid, carbofuran, chlorantraniliprole, fipronil, malathion, chloropyriphos, cypermethrin, monocrotophos, deltamethrin, phosphamidon and dichlorvos. Out of 45 samples, the residues of malathion, cypermethrin and deltamethrin were detected above maximum residue limit (MRL) of Food Safety and Standards Authority of India from 15 rice samples collected from Imphal East, Imphal West, Bishnupur and Senapati districts. Out of 40 tomato market samples, 31 samples were found to be detected the residues of thiamethoxam, flubendiamide, chloropyriphos, fipronil, carbofuran, monocrotophos and dichlorvos above MRL (FSSAI). Out of 40 cabbage market samples, 27 samples were detected the residues of chlorantraniliprole, malathion, dichlorvos and chloropyriphos above MRL (FSSAI). Similarly, the
cauliflower samples (40 nos.) collected from market, the insecticides like chlorantraniliprole, malathion, fipronil, chloropyriphos, deltamethrin and dichlorvos residues were found above MRL from 29 samples.
POULTRY SCIENCE
Evaluation of performance and lipid profile of broiler chicken through nutritional manipulation One hundred fifty (150) day old broiler chicks of mixed sexes were used for the experiment.
Feed was formulated with addition of 1% locally available herbs viz: Trigonella foenum-graecum, Cinnamomum cassia, Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa, Coriandrum sativum and fed to broiler birds.
Control group were given broiler feed recommended by BIS system without including spices. Highest overall (0-6 week) average body weight gain of 1608 gram was observed to those broiler birds that fed with C.sativum. Highest overall (0-6 week) feed intake of 2307 g was obtained by those broiler birds that fed by C. longa. Lowest overall FCR of 1.82 was observed that has been fed by C.cassia. Defeathered weight, Eviscerated weight, Dress yield, Breast, Back, Wings and Neck was found to be highest that fed with C.
sativum as compared to control. Drum Stick and Thigh was found to be highest that fed with C. longa as compared to control. Highest Giblet was found that fed with C.cassia as compared to control. Thigh meat- Highest cholesterol reduction of 5.87 % and 5.58% was observed to those broiler birds that fed with T. foenum-graecum and C. cassia as compared to control group. Breast meat- Highest cholesterol reduction of 6.41 % was observed to those broiler birds that fed with C. cassia.
ICAR-Poultry Seed Project
The total number of parent stock of Vanaraja, Srinidhi and Gramapriya poultry birds maintained in the poultry farm was 1872 birds (including poultry chicks). During the reporting year, a total of 72729 numbers of day old chicks was produced and were supplied to the beneficiaries in various districts of Manipur. Altogether, 2036 numbers of farmer’s were benefitted under TSP component of this project. Besides, two numbers of three days training programme on scientific poultry rearing was conducted and 50 farmers were benefitted from this training programme.
Performance of Vanaraja and Srinidhi birds under Backyard conditions
Data from field were randomly collected from each beneficiary farmer. The body weight of Vanaraja at 4th , 8th , 12th ,16th and 20th weeks are 210.42g, 751.31g, 961.23g 1307.56g and 1943.47g and the body weight of the Srinidhi at 4th , 8th , 12th ,16th and 20th weeks are 198.11g, 491.32g, 703.18g, 1041.17gms and 1275.35g, respectively. The main reason of mortality of the birds in the farmer’s field was found due to coccidiosis, chronic respiratory diseases, cannibalism, parasitic infestation and poor electricity.
VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH
Development of Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) based assay for rapid detection of Salmonella typhimurium from Poultry and Food Samples
An oligonucleotide primer targeting the serotype- specific “typh” gene of Salmonella typhimurium was designed for Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) based assay for rapid detection of Typhimurium from poultry and food samples. The minimum volume, shortest time and optimal temperature of the RPA reaction were 15µl, 20 minute and 40- 42oC respectively. The RPA assay for detection of S.
typhimurium was successfully standardized in raw milk samples.
Dairy, Piggery and Hydroponic Fodder Demonstration Unit
In dairy demonstration unit, a total of 12 animals (Milch cow = 5, Bull = 2, Heifer = 3 female and 2 calves) were maintained to impart knowledge on exotic cross-bred dairy cattle (Local x Jersey and Local x HF) and farm management to the farmers.
Fig 55. Milk Production (in liters) 2018
Fig 56. Hydroponic green fodder unit
During 2018, all total 6359 litres of milk (17.42 litres/day) was produced (Fig 55). In Piggery unit, nine pigs are maintained (White Yorkshire boar=1, Adult Hampshire female=6, Large Black=1, Adult White Yorkshire female=1). During 2018, a total of 52 numbers of piglets are produced. Besides, Hydroponic Green Fodder Unit is also maintained to produce green and fresh maize fodder throughout the year for the farm animals, and to impart training and demonstrations to farmer’s, NGOs, SHG etc. (Fig 56).
FISHERY SCIENCE
Brood stock development for early breeding and seed productions
A preliminary survey was conducted in 16 private hatcheries in the valley districts of Manipur to map out pre-monsoon breeding incidence and prevalence. Fish breeding operation were mainly found in unorganized state. No proper brooder management was found in most of the farms. Major problem in most of carps species were late maturation of male brooders in Manipur. Fish brooders IMC carp, indigenous carps and exotic carps were collected and maintain in ponds of ICAR-Manipur Centre. The highest ovulation rate (91.8 %) of Amur was found in 1st week of March at water temperature of 120C-260C and lowest (85.29%) in 4th week of March at the temperature range of 18-280C. Breeding of Ompok bimaculatus was also done successfully in captivity using ovasis @ 0.7ml/kg (Fig 57). Uniform size rectangular 3 earthen ponds (10m × 10m × 1.5m) were used for rearing of fingerlings. These ponds were further divide into three sections (7m × 10m × 1.5m) with the help of small mesh size mosquito net and bamboo poles.
Fig 57. Development of Seed production protocols of Ompok bimaculatus Studies on molecular taxonomy, genetic diversity
and phylogeny study of selected indigenous fish species of found in Manipur
Molecular analysis was conducted for partial and complete mitochondrial DNA analysis of indigenous fish species of Manipur. The first completed mitochondrial genome of Bangana dero was successfully assembled and deposited in NCBI Genebank (Table 6).
S.N. Name of Genes NCBI Genbank