sugarcane yeast Saccharomyces spp. for use in diets for growing-finishing pig. The piglets were fedad libitumwith diets containing increasing levels of yeast (0, 70, 140 and 210 g/kg). It was found that inclusion of yeast in the grower phase (to 60 kg) decreased the feed:gain ratio, with no effects on feed intake and daily live-weight gain. In the finishing phase (to 86 kg) and in the total trial phase, no performance differences were noted. The results suggested that up to 210 g/kg could be used in grower-finisher pig diets without impairing daily live-weight gain.
Yeasts have also been used to detoxify the diet of mycotoxins. Modified yeast cell wall mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) has been reported to effectively bind aflatoxin, and to bind ochratoxin and the fusariotoxins to a lesser degree. This product has advantages over other binding agents in that it does not bind vitamins or minerals (Girish and Devegowda, 2006).
Tables of Nutrient Contents of Feedstuffs
Tables 4.9–4.54 present data on average values of energy and nutrients for a range of feedstuffs likely to be used in organic pig feeding (as-fed basis).
Each feedstuff is listed under its IFN (Harris, 1980), the definitions of the feedstuffs being those of the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO, 2005) or the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA, 2005).
Table 4.55 gives suggested maximum inclusion rates for organic pig diets.
Feedstuffs can be highly variable in composition, especially organic feedstuffs which are grown on land fertilized with manures, and therefore the values should only be used as a guide in diet formulation. In addition some of the data quoted are old, particularly the vitamin values, since more
Fig. 4.2. Ingredients and mixed feeds need to be tested routinely for quality control.
recent data are not available. Although old, the vitamin data should be of interest because organic producers wish to maximize the use of natural ingredients. The vitamin A values assume 261 IU vitamin A per 1 mg β-carotene (Wellenreiteret al., 1969).
Table 4.9. Barley (IFN 4-00-549).a
Component Amount Component Amount
Dry matter (g/kg) 890.0 Major minerals (g/kg)
Digestible energy (kcal/kg) 3050 Calcium 0.6
Digestible energy (MJ/kg) 12.76 Phosphorus (total) 3.5 Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) 2910 Phosphorus (available) 1.2
Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg) 12.18 Chloride 1.2
Crude fibre (g/kg) 50.0 Magnesium 1.4
Neutral-detergent fibre (g/kg) 180.0 Potassium 4.5
Acid-detergent fibre (g/kg) 62.0 Sodium 0.4
Crude fat (g/kg) 19.0 Trace minerals (mg/kg)
Linoleic acid (g/kg) 8.8 Copper 7.0
Crude protein (g/kg) 113.0 Iodine 0.35
Amino acids (g/kg) Iron 78.0
Arginine 5.4 Manganese 18.0
Histidine 2.5 Selenium 0.19
Isoleucine 3.9 Zinc 25.0
Leucine 7.7 Vitamins
Lysine 4.1 β-Carotene (mg/kg) 4.1
Methionine (Met) 2.0 Vitamin A (IU/kg) 1095
Met + cystine 4.8 Vitamin E (IU/kg) 7.4
Phenylalanine (Phe) 5.5 Vitamins (mg/kg)
Phe + tyrosine 8.4 Biotin 0.14
Threonine 3.5 Choline 1034
Tryptophan 1.1 Folacin 0.31
Valine 5.2 Niacin 55.0
Available lysine 3.1 Pantothenic acid 8.0
Pyridoxine 5.0
Riboflavin 1.8
Thiamin 4.5
Vitamins (µg/kg)
Cobalamin (vitamin B12) 0.0 IFN, International Feed Number.
aThe entire seed of the barley plant (CFIA, 2005).
Table 4.10. Cabbage raw (IFN 2-01-046).a
Component Amount Component Amount
Dry matter (g/kg) 81.0 Major minerals (g/kg)
Digestible energy (kcal/kg) 242 Calcium 0.67
Digestible energy (MJ/kg) 1.0 Phosphorus (total) 0.15 Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) 232 Phosphorus (available) 0.05
Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg) 0.97 Chloride 0.43
Crude fibre (g/kg) 11.6 Magnesium 0.12
Neutral-detergent fibre (g/kg) 14.1 Potassium 2.88
Acid-detergent fibre (g/kg) 11.5 Sodium 0.12
Crude fat (g/kg) 1.2 Trace minerals (mg/kg)
Linoleic acid (g/kg) 0.26 Copper 0.23
Crude protein (g/kg) 18.6 Iodine 0.06
Amino acids (g/kg) Iron 5.9
Arginine 0.75 Manganese 1.59
Histidine 0.34 Selenium 0.01
Isoleucine 0.43 Zinc 1.8
Leucine 0.60 Vitamins
Lysine 0.67 β-Carotene (mg/kg) 0.9
Methionine (Met) 0.14 Vitamin A (IU/kg) 235.0
Met + cystine 0.28 Vitamin E (IU/kg) 1.5
Phenylalanine (Phe) 0.45 Vitamins (mg/kg)
Phe + tyrosine 0.69 Biotin NA
Threonine 0.44 Choline NA
Tryptophan 0.15 Folacin 0.43
Valine 0.65 Niacin 3.0
Available lysine NA Pantothenic acid 1.4
Pyridoxine 0.96
Riboflavin 0.4
Thiamin 0.5
Vitamins (µg/kg)
Cobalamin (vitamin B12) 0.0 IFN, International Feed Number; NA, no data available.
aThe aerial part of theBrassica oleracea(Capitatagroup) plant (not defined by the Association of American Feed Control Officials or the Canadian Food Inspection Agency).
Table 4.11. Canola seed cooked (IFN 5-04-597).a
Component Amount Component Amount
Dry matter (g/kg) 940.0 Major minerals (g/kg)
Digestible energy (kcal/kg) 4330 Calcium 3.9
Digestible energy (MJ/kg) 18.12 Phosphorus (total) 6.4 Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) 4157 Phosphorus (available) 1.9
Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg) 17.4 Chloride 0.52
Crude fibre (g/kg) 74.0 Magnesium 3.0
Neutral-detergent fibre (g/kg) 109.6 Potassium 5.0
Acid-detergent fibre (g/kg) 73.7 Sodium 0.1
Crude fat (g/kg) 397.4 Trace minerals (mg/kg)
Linoleic acid (g/kg) 109.9 Copper 6.0
Crude protein (g/kg) 242.0 Iodine NA
Amino acids (g/kg) Iron 88.0
Arginine 13.6 Manganese 33.0
Histidine 6.9 Selenium 0.7
Isoleucine 9.6 Zinc 42.0
Leucine 16.0 Vitamins
Lysine 14.4 β-Carotene (mg/kg) NA
Methionine (Met) 4.3 Vitamin A (IU/kg) NA
Met + cystine 8.6 Vitamin E (IU/kg) 9.1
Phenylalanine (Phe) 10.2 Vitamins (mg/kg)
Phe + tyrosine 16.4 Biotin 0.67
Threonine 9.9 Choline 4185
Tryptophan 2.7 Folacin 1.4
Valine 11.4 Niacin 100.0
Available lysine 10.7 Pantothenic acid 5.9
Pyridoxine 4.5
Riboflavin 3.6
Thiamin 3.2
Vitamins (µg/kg)
Cobalamin (vitamin B12) 0.0 IFN, International Feed Number; NA, no data available.
aThe entire seed of the speciesBrassica napusorBrassica campestris, the oil component of which contains less than 2% erucic acid and the solid component of which contains less than 30 µmol of any one or any mixture of 3-butenyl
glucosinolate, 4-pentenyl glucosinolate, 2-hydroxy-3-butenyl glucosinolate and 2-hydroxy-4-pentenyl glucosinolate per g of air-dry, oil-free solid (gas–liquid chromatography method of the Canadian Grain Commission) (CFIA, 2005).
Table 4.12. Canola meal expeller (IFN 5-06-870).a
Component Amount Component Amount
Dry matter (g/kg) 940.0 Major minerals (g/kg)
Digestible energy (kcal/kg) 3011 Calcium 7.6
Digestible energy (MJ/kg) 12.6 Phosphorus (total) 11.5 Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) 2880 Phosphorus (available) 3.4
Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg) 12.05 Chloride 0.5
Crude fibre (g/kg) 120.0 Magnesium 5.0
Neutral-detergent fibre (g/kg) 244.0 Potassium 8.3
Acid-detergent fibre (g/kg) 180.0 Sodium 0.7
Crude fat (g/kg) 89.0 Trace minerals (mg/kg)
Linoleic acid (g/kg) 12.8 Copper 6.8
Crude protein (g/kg) 352.0 Iodine 0.6
Amino acids (g/kg) Iron 180.0
Arginine 28.0 Manganese 55.3
Histidine 14.0 Selenium 1.0
Isoleucine 18.0 Zinc 43.2
Leucine 34.0 Vitamins
Lysine 27.0 β-Carotene (mg/kg) NA
Methionine (Met) 10.0 Vitamin A (IU/kg) NA
Met + cystine 19.0 Vitamin E (IU/kg) 18.8
Phenylalanine (Phe) 19.0 Vitamins (mg/kg)
Phe + tyrosine 30.0 Biotin 0.9
Threonine 21.0 Choline 6532
Tryptophan 6.0 Folacin 2.2
Valine 19.0 Niacin 155.0
Available lysine 20.0 Pantothenic acid 8.0
Pyridoxine NA
Riboflavin 3.0
Thiamin 1.8
Vitamins (µg/kg)
Cobalamin (vitamin B12) 0.0 IFN, International Feed Number; NA, no data available.
aThe residual product obtained after extraction of most of the oil from canola seeds by a mechanical extraction process (not defined by the Association of American Feed Control Officials or the Canadian Food Inspection Agency).
Table 4.13. Cassava (manioc) (IFN 4-01-152).a
Component Amount Component Amount
Dry matter (g/kg) 880.0 Major minerals (g/kg)
Digestible energy (kcal/kg) 3385 Calcium 2.2
Digestible energy (MJ/kg) 14.16 Phosphorus (total) 1.5 Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) 3330 Phosphorus (available) 0.7
Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg) 13.93 Chloride NA
Crude fibre (g/kg) NA Magnesium NA
Neutral-detergent fibre (g/kg) NA Potassium NA
Acid-detergent fibre (g/kg) NA Sodium NA
Crude fat (g/kg) 5.0 Trace minerals (mg/kg)
Linoleic acid (g/kg) NA Copper NA
Crude protein (g/kg) 33.0 Iodine NA
Amino acids (g/kg) Iron NA
Arginine NA Manganese NA
Histidine NA Selenium NA
Isoleucine NA Zinc NA
Leucine NA Vitamins
Lysine 0.7 β-Carotene (mg/kg) NA
Methionine (Met) 0.2 Vitamin A (IU/kg) NA
Met + cystine 0.4 Vitamin E (IU/kg) NA
Phenylalanine (Phe) NA Vitamins (mg/kg)
Phe + tyrosine NA Biotin NA
Threonine NA Choline NA
Tryptophan NA Folacin NA
Valine NA Niacin NA
Available lysine 0.4 Pantothenic acid NA
Pyridoxine NA
Riboflavin NA
Thiamin NA
Vitamins (µg/kg)
Cobalamin (vitamin B12) NA IFN, International Feed Number; NA, no data available.
aThe whole root of cassava (or tapioca) chipped mechanically into small pieces and sun-dried. It must be free of sand and other debris except for that which occurs unavoidably as a result of good harvesting practices. The levels of HCN equivalent (HCN, linamarin and cyanohydrins combined) must not exceed 50 mg/kg in the complete feed. It is intended for use as an energy feed in livestock feeds at a level not to exceed 40% of pig complete feeds (CFIA, 2005).
Table 4.14. Cottonseed meal expeller (IFN 5-01-609).a
Component Amount Component Amount
Dry matter (g/kg) 920.0 Major minerals (g/kg)
Digestible energy (kcal/kg) 2945 Calcium 2.3
Digestible energy (MJ/kg) 12.32 Phosphorus (total) 10.3 Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) 2690 Phosphorus (available) 3.4
Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg) 11.25 Chloride 0.4
Crude fibre (g/kg) 119.0 Magnesium 5.2
Neutral-detergent fibre (g/kg) 257.0 Potassium 13.4
Acid-detergent fibre (g/kg) 180.0 Sodium 0.4
Crude fat (g/kg) 61.0 Trace minerals (mg/kg)
Linoleic acid (g/kg) 31.5 Copper 19.0
Crude protein (g/kg) 424.0 Iodine 0.1
Amino acids (g/kg) Iron 160.0
Arginine 42.6 Manganese 23.0
Histidine 11.1 Selenium 0.9
Isoleucine 12.9 Zinc 64.0
Leucine 24.5 Vitamins
Lysine 16.5 β-Carotene (mg/kg) NA
Methionine (Met) 6.7 Vitamin A (IU/kg) NA
Met + cystine 13.6 Vitamin E (IU/kg) 35.0
Phenylalanine (Phe) 19.7 Vitamins (mg/kg)
Phe + tyrosine 32.0 Biotin 0.3
Threonine 13.4 Choline 2753
Tryptophan 5.4 Folacin 1.65
Valine 17.6 Niacin 38.0
Available lysine 11.6 Pantothenic acid 10.0
Pyridoxine 5.3
Riboflavin 5.1
Thiamin 6.4
Vitamins (µg/kg)
Cobalamin (vitamin B12) 0.0 IFN, International Feed Number; NA, no data available.
aThe residual product obtained after extraction of most of the oil from cottonseed by a mechanical extraction process (CFIA, 2005).
Table 4.15. Distiller’s grains with solubles, dried (IFN 5-02-843).a
Component Amount Component Amount
Dry matter (g/kg) 930.0 Major minerals (g/kg)
Digestible energy (kcal/kg) 3200 Calcium 2.0
Digestible energy (MJ/kg) 13.39 Phosphorus (total) 7.7 Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) 2820 Phosphorus (available) 6.2
Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg) 11.8 Chloride 2.0
Crude fibre (g/kg) 78.0 Magnesium 1.9
Neutral-detergent fibre (g/kg) 346.0 Potassium 8.4
Acid-detergent fibre (g/kg) 163.0 Sodium 2.5
Crude fat (g/kg) 84.0 Trace minerals (mg/kg)
Linoleic acid (g/kg) 21.5 Copper 57.0
Crude protein (g/kg) 277.0 Iodine NA
Amino acids (g/kg) Iron 257.0
Arginine 11.3 Manganese 24.0
Histidine 6.9 Selenium 0.39
Isoleucine 10.3 Zinc 80.0
Leucine 25.7 Vitamins
Lysine 6.2 β-Carotene (mg/kg) 3.5
Methionine (Met) 5.0 Vitamin A (IU/kg) 910.0
Met + cystine 10.2 Vitamin E (IU/kg) NA
Phenylalanine (Phe) 13.4 Vitamins (mg/kg)
Phe + tyrosine 21.7 Biotin 0.78
Threonine 9.4 Choline 2637
Tryptophan 2.5 Folacin 0.9
Valine 1.3 Niacin 75.0
Available lysine 3.0 Pantothenic acid 14.0
Pyridoxine 8.0
Riboflavin 8.6
Thiamin 2.9
Vitamins (µg/kg)
Cobalamin (vitamin B12) 0.0 IFN, International Feed Number; NA, no data available.
aThe product obtained after the removal of ethanol by distillation from the yeast fermentation of a grain or a grain mixture by condensing and drying at least 75%
of the solids of the resultant whole stillage by methods employed in the grain distilling industry. The predominating grain shall be declared as the first word in the name (AAFCO, 2005).
Table 4.16. Faba beans (IFN 5-09-262).a
Component Amount Component Amount
Dry matter (g/kg) 870.0 Major minerals (g/kg)
Digestible energy (kcal/kg) 3245 Calcium 1.1
Digestible energy (MJ/kg) 13.58 Phosphorus (total) 4.8 Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) 3045 Phosphorus (available) 1.9
Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg) 12.74 Chloride 0.7
Crude fibre (g/kg) 73.0 Magnesium 1.5
Neutral-detergent fibre (g/kg) 137.0 Potassium 12.0
Acid-detergent fibre (g/kg) 97.0 Sodium 0.3
Crude fat (g/kg) 14.0 Trace minerals (mg/kg)
Linoleic acid (g/kg) 5.8 Copper 11.0
Crude protein (g/kg) 254.0 Iodine NA
Amino acids (g/kg) Iron 75.0
Arginine 22.8 Manganese 15.0
Histidine 6.7 Selenium 0.02
Isoleucine 10.3 Zinc 42.0
Leucine 18.9 Vitamins
Lysine 16.2 β-Carotene (mg/kg) NA
Methionine (Met) 2.0 Vitamin A (IU/kg) NA
Met + cystine 5.2 Vitamin E (IU/kg) 0.8
Phenylalanine (Phe) 10.3 Vitamins (mg/kg)
Phe + tyrosine 19.0 Biotin 0.09
Threonine 8.9 Choline 1670
Tryptophan 2.2 Folacin 4.23
Valine 11.4 Niacin 26.0
Available lysine 13.3 Pantothenic acid 3.0
Pyridoxine 3.66
Riboflavin 2.9
Thiamin 5.5
Vitamins (µg/kg)
Cobalamin (vitamin B12) 0.0 IFN, International Feed Number; NA, no data available.
aThe entire seed of the faba bean plantVicia faba(CFIA, 2005).
Table 4.17. Flaxseed (linseed) expeller (IFN 5-02-045).a
Component Amount Component Amount
Dry matter (g/kg) 910.0 Major minerals (g/kg)
Digestible energy (kcal/kg) 3381 Calcium 4.1
Digestible energy (MJ/kg) 14.15 Phosphorus (total) 8.7 Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) 2761 Phosphorus (available) 2.7
Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg) 11.55 Chloride 0.4
Crude fibre (g/kg) 88.0 Magnesium 5.8
Neutral-detergent fibre (g/kg) 239.0 Potassium 12.2
Acid-detergent fibre (g/kg) 150.0 Sodium 1.1
Crude fat (g/kg) 54.0 Trace minerals (mg/kg)
Linoleic acid (g/kg) 11.0 Copper 26.0
Crude protein (g/kg) 343.0 Iodine 0.07
Amino acids (g/kg) Iron 176.0
Arginine 28.1 Manganese 38.0
Histidine 6.5 Selenium 0.81
Isoleucine 16.9 Zinc 33.0
Leucine 19.2 Vitamins
Lysine 11.8 β-Carotene (mg/kg) 0.0
Methionine (Met) 5.8 Vitamin A (IU/kg) 0.0
Met + cystine 11.9 Vitamin E (IU/kg) 8.0
Phenylalanine (Phe) 13.5 Vitamins (mg/kg)
Phe + tyrosine 23.4 Biotin 0.33
Threonine 11.4 Choline 1780
Tryptophan 5.0 Folacin 2.8
Valine 16.1 Niacin 37.0
Available lysine 9.7 Pantothenic acid 14.3
Pyridoxine 5.5
Riboflavin 3.2
Thiamin 4.2
Vitamins (µg/kg)
Cobalamin (vitamin B12) 0.0 IFN, International Feed Number; NA, no data available.
aThe product obtained by grinding the cake or chips which remain after removal of most of the oil from flaxseed by a mechanical extraction process. It must contain no more than 100 g fibre/kg (AAFCO, 2005).
Table 4.18. Grass meal dehydrated (IFN 1-02-211).a
Component Amount Component Amount
Dry matter (g/kg) 917.0 Major minerals (g/kg)
Digestible energy (kcal/kg) 2130 Calcium 6.3
Digestible energy (MJ/kg) 8.91 Phosphorus (total) 3.48 Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) 2040 Phosphorus (available) NA
Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg) 8.54 Chloride 8.0
Crude fibre (g/kg) 208.7 Magnesium 1.74
Neutral-detergent fibre (g/kg) 524.9 Potassium 25.1
Acid-detergent fibre (g/kg) 253.7 Sodium 2.84
Crude fat (g/kg) 34.2 Trace minerals (mg/kg)
Linoleic acid (g/kg) Copper 6.7
Crude protein (g/kg) 182.2 Iodine 0.14
Amino acids (g/kg) Iron NA
Arginine 7.5 Manganese 53.0
Histidine 2.7 Selenium 0.05
Isoleucine 5.6 Zinc 19.0
Leucine 12.1 Vitamins
Lysine 7.1 β-Carotene (mg/kg) 35.8
Methionine (Met) 3.1 Vitamin A (IU/kg) 9559
Met + cystine 5.0 Vitamin E (IU/kg) 150.0
Phenylalanine (Phe) 7.1 Vitamins (mg/kg)
Phe + tyrosine 11.6 Biotin 0.22
Threonine 6.2 Choline 1470
Tryptophan 3.1 Folacin NA
Valine 7.0 Niacin 74.0
Available lysine NA Pantothenic acid 15.4
Pyridoxine 11.7
Riboflavin 15.5
Thiamin 12.6
Vitamins (µg/kg)
Cobalamin (vitamin B12) 0.0 IFN, International Feed Number; NA, no data available.
aThe product of drying and grinding grass that has been cut before formation of the seed. If a species name is used, the produce must correspond thereto (AAFCO, 2005).
Table 4.19. Herring meal (IFN 5-02-000).a
Component Amount Component Amount
Dry matter (g/kg) 925.0 Major minerals (g/kg)
Digestible energy (kcal/kg) 3960 Calcium 24.0
Digestible energy (MJ/kg) 16.57 Phosphorus (total) 17.6 Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) 3260 Phosphorus (available) 17.0
Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg) 13.64 Chloride 11.2
Crude fibre (g/kg) 0.0 Magnesium 1.8
Neutral-detergent fibre (g/kg) 0.0 Potassium 10.1
Acid-detergent fibre (g/kg) 0.0 Sodium 6.1
Crude fat (g/kg) 92.0 Trace minerals (mg/kg)
Linoleic acid (g/kg) 1.5 Copper 6.0
Crude protein (g/kg) 681.0 Iodine 2.0
Amino acids (g/kg) Iron 181.0
Arginine 40.1 Manganese 8.0
Histidine 15.2 Selenium 1.93
Isoleucine 29.1 Zinc 132.0
Leucine 52.0 Vitamins
Lysine 54.6 β-Carotene (mg/kg) 0.0
Methionine (Met) 20.4 Vitamin A (IU/kg) 0.0
Met + cystine 28.2 Vitamin E (IU/kg) 15.0
Phenylalanine (Phe) 27.5 Vitamins (mg/kg)
Phe + tyrosine 49.3 Biotin 0.13
Threonine 30.2 Choline 5306
Tryptophan 7.4 Folacin 0.37
Valine 34.6 Niacin 93.0
Available lysine 48.6 Pantothenic acid 17.0
Pyridoxine 4.8
Riboflavin 9.9
Thiamin 0.4
Vitamins (µg/kg)
Cobalamin (vitamin B12) 403.0 IFN, International Feed Number; NA, no data available.
aFishmeal is the clean, dried, ground tissue of undecomposed whole fish or fish cuttings, either or both, with or without the extraction of part of the oil. If it bears a name descriptive of its type, it must correspond thereto (AAFCO, 2005).
Table 4.20. Hominy feed (IFN 4-03-011).a
Component Amount Component Amount
Dry matter (g/kg) 900.0 Major minerals (g/kg)
Digestible energy (kcal/kg) 3355 Calcium 0.5
Digestible energy (MJ/kg) 14.04 Phosphorus (total) 4.3 Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) 3210 Phosphorus (available) 0.6
Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg) 13.43 Chloride 0.7
Crude fibre (g/kg) 49.0 Magnesium 2.4
Neutral-detergent fibre (g/kg) 285 Potassium 6.1
Acid-detergent fibre (g/kg) 81.0 Sodium 0.8
Crude fat (g/kg) 67.0 Trace minerals (mg/kg)
Linoleic acid (g/kg) 29.7 Copper 13.0
Crude protein (g/kg) 103.0 Iodine NA
Amino acids (g/kg) Iron 67.0
Arginine 5.6 Manganese 15.0
Histidine 2.8 Selenium 0.1
Isoleucine 3.6 Zinc NA
Leucine 9.8 Vitamins
Lysine 3.8 β-Carotene (mg/kg) 9.0
Methionine (Met) 1.8 Vitamin A (IU/kg) 2340
Met + cystine 3.6 Vitamin E (IU/kg) 6.5
Phenylalanine (Phe) 4.3 Vitamins (mg/kg)
Phe + tyrosine 8.3 Biotin 0.13
Threonine 4.0 Choline 1155
Tryptophan 1.0 Folacin 0.21
Valine 5.2 Niacin 47.0
Available lysine 3.0 Pantothenic acid 8.2
Pyridoxine 11.0
Riboflavin 2.1
Thiamin 8.1
Vitamins (µg/kg)
Cobalamin (vitamin B12) 0.0 IFN, International Feed Number; NA, no data available.
aA mixture of maize bran, maize germ and part of the starchy portion of either white or yellow maize kernels or a mixture thereof, as produced in the manufacture of pearl hominy, hominy grits or table meal; must contain not less than 40 g crude fat/kg. If prefixed with the word ‘white’ or ‘yellow’, the product must correspond thereto (AAFCO, 2005).
Table 4.21. Kelp meal (seaweed) dehydrated or dried (IFN 1-08-073).a
Component Amount Component Amount
Dry matter (g/kg) 930.0 Major minerals (g/kg)
Digestible energy (kcal/kg) 489 Calcium 1.68
Digestible energy (MJ/kg) 2.05 Phosphorus (total) 0.42 Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) 465 Phosphorus (available) NA
Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg) 1.94 Chloride 1.2
Crude fibre (g/kg) 239.0 Magnesium 1.21
Neutral-detergent fibre (g/kg) NA Potassium 0.9
Acid-detergent fibre (g/kg) 100.0 Sodium 0.8
Crude fat (g/kg) 30.0 Trace minerals (mg/kg)
Linoleic acid (g/kg) 1.01 Copper 45.0
Crude protein (g/kg) 16.8 Iodine 3500
Amino acids (g/kg) Iron 444.0
Arginine 0.65 Manganese 2.0
Histidine 0.24 Selenium 0.4
Isoleucine 0.76 Zinc 12.3
Leucine 0.83 Vitamins
Lysine 0.82 β-Carotene (mg/kg) 0.7
Methionine (Met) 0.25 Vitamin A (IU/kg) 186.9
Met + cystine 1.23 Vitamin E (IU/kg) 8.7
Phenylalanine (Phe) 0.43 Vitamins (mg/kg)
Phe + tyrosine 0.69 Biotin 0.09
Threonine 0.55 Choline 1670
Tryptophan 0.48 Folacin 1.65
Valine 0.72 Niacin 26.0
Available lysine NA Pantothenic acid 3.0
Pyridoxine 0.02
Riboflavin 2.9
Thiamin 5.5
Vitamins (µg/kg)
Cobalamin (vitamin B12) 50.0 IFN, International Feed Number; NA, no data available.
aThe product resulting from drying and grinding non-toxic macroscopic marine algae (marine plants) of the familiesGelidiaceae,Gigartinaceae,Gracilariaceae, Solieriaceae,Palmariaceae,Bangiaceae,Laminariaceae,Lessoniaceae, Alariaceae,Fucaceae,Sargassaceae,MonostromataceaeandUlvaceae(CFIA, 2005).
Table 4.22. Lucerne (alfalfa) dehydrated (IFN 1-00-023).a
Component Amount Component Amount
Dry matter (g/kg) 920.0 Major minerals (g/kg)
Digestible energy (kcal/kg) 1,830 Calcium 15.3
Digestible energy (MJ/kg) 7.66 Phosphorus (total) 2.6 Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) 1,650 Phosphorus (available) 2.5
Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg) 6.9 Chloride 4.7
Crude fibre (g/kg) 240.0 Magnesium 2.3
Neutral-detergent fibre (g/kg) 412.0 Potassium 23.0
Acid-detergent fibre (g/kg) 302.0 Sodium 0.9
Crude fat (g/kg) 26.0 Trace minerals (mg/kg)
Linoleic acid (g/kg) 3.5 Copper 10.0
Crude protein (g/kg) 170.0 Iodine NA
Amino acids (g/kg) Iron 333.0
Arginine 7.1 Manganese 32.0
Histidine 3.7 Selenium 0.34
Isoleucine 6.8 Zinc 24.0
Leucine 12.1 Vitamins
Lysine 7.4 β-Carotene (mg/kg) 170.0
Methionine (Met) 2.5 Vitamin A (IU/kg) 45,390
Met + cystine 4.3 Vitamin E (IU/kg) 49.8
Phenylalanine (Phe) 8.4 Vitamins (mg/kg)
Phe + tyrosine 13.9 Biotin 0.54
Threonine 7.0 Choline 1,401
Tryptophan 2.4 Folacin 4.36
Valine 8.6 Niacin 38.0
Available lysine 3.4 Pantothenic acid 29.0
Pyridoxine 6.5
Riboflavin 13.6
Thiamin 3.4
Vitamins (µg/kg)
Cobalamin (vitamin B12) 0.0 IFN, International Feed Number; NA, no data available.
aThe aerial portion of the lucerne plant which has been dried by thermal means and finely ground (AAFCO, 2005).
Table 4.23. Lucerne (alfalfa) sun-cured (IFN 1-00-059).a
Component Amount Component Amount
Dry matter (g/kg) 907.0 Major minerals (g/kg)
Digestible energy (kcal/kg) 1,740 Calcium 12.7
Digestible energy (MJ/kg) 7.28 Phosphorus (total) 2.0 Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) 1,351 Phosphorus (available) 1.8
Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg) 5.65 Chloride 3.4
Crude fibre (g/kg) 207.0 Magnesium 2.9
Neutral-detergent fibre (g/kg) 368.0 Potassium 22.7
Acid-detergent fibre (g/kg) 290.0 Sodium 1.3
Crude fat (g/kg) 32.0 Trace minerals (mg/kg)
Linoleic acid (g/kg) 4.3 Copper 10.0
Crude protein (g/kg) 162.0 Iodine NA
Amino acids (g/kg) Iron 173.0
Arginine 7.3 Manganese 27.0
Histidine 3.4 Selenium 0.49
Isoleucine 6.0 Zinc 22.0
Leucine 10.7 Vitamins
Lysine 8.1 β-Carotene (mg/kg) 145.8
Methionine (Met) 1.9 Vitamin A (IU/kg) 38,929
Met + cystine 5.0 Vitamin E (IU/kg) 200.0
Phenylalanine (Phe) 7.1 Vitamins (mg/kg)
Phe + tyrosine 11.9 Biotin 0.005
Threonine 6.0 Choline 918.9
Tryptophan 1.8 Folacin 0.24
Valine 7.9 Niacin 8.2
Available lysine 3.73 Pantothenic acid 28.0
Pyridoxine 4.4
Riboflavin 15.0
Thiamin 4.2
Vitamins (µg/kg)
Cobalamin (vitamin B12) 0.0 IFN, International Feed Number; NA, no data available.
aThe aerial portion of the lucerne plant which has been dried by solar means and finely or coarsely ground (AAFCO, 2005).
Table 4.24. Lupinseed meal sweet white (IFN 5-27-717).a
Component Amount Component Amount
Dry matter (g/kg) 890.0 Major minerals (g/kg)
Digestible energy (kcal/kg) 3630 Calcium 2.2
Digestible energy (MJ/kg) 15.19 Phosphorus (total) 5.1 Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) 3380 Phosphorus (available) 1.0
Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg) 14.14 Chloride 0.3
Crude fibre (g/kg) 110.0 Magnesium 1.9
Neutral-detergent fibre (g/kg) 203.0 Potassium 11.0
Acid-detergent fibre (g/kg) 167.0 Sodium 0.2
Crude fat (g/kg) 97.5 Trace minerals (mg/kg)
Linoleic acid (g/kg) 35.6 Copper 10.3
Crude protein (g/kg) 349.0 Iodine NA
Amino acids (g/kg) Iron 54.0
Arginine 33.8 Manganese 23.8
Histidine 7.7 Selenium 0.08
Isoleucine 14.0 Zinc 47.5
Leucine 24.3 Vitamins
Lysine 15.4 β-Carotene (mg/kg) NA
Methionine (Met) 2.7 Vitamin A (IU/kg) NA
Met + cystine 7.8 Vitamin E (IU/kg) 8.0
Phenylalanine (Phe) 12.2 Vitamins (mg/kg)
Phe + tyrosine 25.7 Biotin 0.05
Threonine 12.0 Choline NA
Tryptophan 2.6 Folacin 3.6
Valine 10.5 Niacin 21.9
Available lysine 13.6 Pantothenic acid 7.5
Pyridoxine 3.6
Riboflavin 2.2
Thiamin 6.4
Vitamins (µg/kg)
Cobalamin (vitamin B12) 0.0 IFN, International Feed Number; NA, no data available.
aThe ground whole seed of the speciesLupinus albus,Lupinus angustifoliusor Lupinus luteus. It has to contain less than 0.3 g total alkaloids per kg. The species of seed must be listed after the name ‘Sweet lupin seeds, ground’ (CFIA, 2005).
Table 4.25. Maize yellow (IFN 4-02-935).a
Component Amount Component Amount
Dry matter (g/kg) 890.0 Major minerals (g/kg)
Digestible energy (kcal/kg) 3525 Calcium 0.3
Digestible energy (MJ/kg) 14.75 Phosphorus (total) 2.8 Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) 3420 Phosphorus (available) 0.4
Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg) 14.31 Chloride 0.5
Crude fibre (g/kg) 26.0 Magnesium 1.2
Neutral-detergent fibre (g/kg) 96.0 Potassium 3.3
Acid-detergent fibre (g/kg) 28.0 Sodium 0.2
Crude fat (g/kg) 39.0 Trace minerals (mg/kg)
Linoleic acid (g/kg) 19.2 Copper 3.0
Crude protein (g/kg) 83.0 Iodine 0.05
Amino acids (g/kg) Iron 29.0
Arginine 3.7 Manganese 7.0
Histidine 2.3 Selenium 0.07
Isoleucine 2.8 Zinc 18.0
Leucine 9.9 Vitamins
Lysine 2.6 β-Carotene (mg/kg) 17.0
Methionine (Met) 1.7 Vitamin A (IU/kg) 4540
Met + cystine 3.8 Vitamin E (IU/kg) 8.3
Phenylalanine (Phe) 3.9 Vitamins (mg/kg)
Phe + tyrosine 6.4 Biotin 0.06
Threonine 2.9 Choline 620.0
Tryptophan 0.6 Folacin 0.15
Valine 3.9 Niacin 24.0
Available lysine 2.0 Pantothenic acid 6.0
Pyridoxine 5.0
Riboflavin 1.2
Thiamin 3.5
Vitamins (µg/kg)
Cobalamin (vitamin B12) 0.0 IFN, International Feed Number.
aThe whole yellow maize kernel (CFIA, 2005).