Nu cleic ac id s an d th eir metabo lism, Stru cture of pu rines an d Pyrimidines,Brief outlines of Biosynthesis and Degradation.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Lehninger A L,Nelson O.L,M.M.Cox,Principles of Biochemistry 3rd edition,2000CBS Publicatons.
2. L.Stryer ,JM.Berg ,JL Tymockzo Biochemistry 5th edition,WH Freeman
& Co ,2002 REFERENCES:
1. Voet D,Voet J .G.Biochemistry,second Edition,John C wiley and Sons,1994
2. Campbell and Farell ,Biochemistry ,Brooks/cole CENGAGE learning, 2008
3. Fundamentals of Biochemistry JL.Jain S.chand Publishers.
Outcomes: After the completion of the course, the student will gain an understanding of the metabolic processes, their control and how the stoichiometry of metabolites influences the production of biotech products.
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD II Year B.Tech. Biotech.-I Sem L T/P/D C
4 -/-/- 4 (A30201) BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING Objectives: This course introduces the concepts of electrical DC and single phase and three phase AC circuits, basic law’s of electricity, instruments to measure the electrical quantities, different methods to solve the electrical networks, construction operational features of energy conversion devices i.e. DC and AC machines, transformers. It also emphasizes on basics of electronics, semiconductor devices and their characteristics and operational features. It also focus on the digital electronic circuits.
UNIT I:
CIRCUITS: DC CIRCUITS: RLC concepts, Kirchhoff’s laws, steady state solution of D.C circuits.
A.C CIRCUITS: Introduction to A.C circuits, RMA & Average values of wave forms, complex impedance and complex power, power factor, analysis of single phase A.C circuits.
3-PHASE CIRCUITS: Introduction of 3-phase circuits, power in 3- phase circuits, analysis of simple 3-phase balance circuits.
UNIT-II:
MEASUREMENTS & ELECTRICAL MACHINES : MEASUREMENTS:
Moving coil and moving iron instruments (Ammeter and voltmeter).
Dynamometer type watt meters and energy meters (Principles of operation and constructional details).
ELECTRICAL MACHINES: Principles of operation and characteristics of D C machines, Transformers (single phase and three phase) - Synchronous Machines - three Phase and single phase induction motors - (Principles of operation and constructional details).
UNIT -III:
SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES & RECTIFIERS: Classification of solids based on energy hand theory - Intrinsic semiconductors - Extrinsic semiconductors - P type and N type - P-N junction - V I characteristic of PN junction diode - Zener diode - Zener diode characteristics - Half wave and full wave rectifiers - Voltage regulation, SCR, Diac , Triac , Characteristic s and simp le applications.
UNIT-IV:
TRANSISTORS: Bipolar junction transistor - CB, CE, CC - Configurations and characteristics – Biasing circuits - Field Effect Transistor - Configurations and characteristics - FET amplifier - UJT - characteristics and simple
applications - switching transistors - concept of feedback - negative feedback - application in temperature and motor speed control.
UNIT-V:
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS: Binary number system - AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR circuits - Boolean algebra - Exclusive OR gate - Half and Full adders - flip flops - registers and counters - A/D, D/A conversion - Digital computer principle.
EEE: TEXT BOOKS:
1. Basic concepts of Electrical Engineering, PS Subramanyam, BS Publications.
2. Basic Electrical Engineering, S.N. Singh, PHI.
ECE: TEXT BOOKS:
1. Electronic Devices and Circuits, S.Salivahanan, N.Suresh Kumar, A.Vallavaraj,Tata McGraw-Hill companies..
2. Electronic Devices and Circuits, K. Lal Kishore,BS Publications.
3. Switching Theory and Logic Design, A. Anand Kumar, PHI.
EEE: REFERENCES:
1. Basic Electrical Engineering, Abhijit Chakrabarthi, Sudipta nath, Chandrakumar Chanda, Tata-McGraw-Hill.
2. Principles of Electrical Engineering, V.K Mehta, Rohit Mehta, S.Chand Publications.
3. Basic Electrical Engineering, T.K.Nagasarkar and M.S. Sukhija, Oxford University Press.
4. Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering, RajendraPrasad, PHI.
5. Basic Electrical Engineering by D.P.Kothari , I.J. Nagrath, McGraw- Hill.
ECE: REFERENCES:
1. Millman’s Electronic Devices and Circuits,J. Millman, C.C.Halkias, and Satyabrata Jit, Tata McGraw-Hill companies.
2. Elec tron ic Devic es and Circu its, R.L . Bo ylestad an d Lo uis Nashelsky,PEI/PHI.
3. Introduction to Electronic Devices and Circuits, Rober T. Paynter,PE.
4. Integrated Electronics, J. Millman and Christos C. Halkias, Tata McGraw-Hill companies.
5. Electronic Devices and Circuits, Anil K. Maini, Varsha Agarwal,Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.
6. Digital Design – Morris Mano, PHI
Outcomes:After going through this course the student gets a thorough knowledge on basic electrical circuits, parameters, and operation of the transformers in the energy conversion process, electromechanical energy conversion, construction operation characteristics of DC and AC machines and the constructional features and operation of measuring instruments like voltmeter, ammeter, wattmeter etc...and different semiconductor devices, their voltage-current characteristics, operation of diodes, transistors, realization of various electronic circuits with the various semiconductor devices, and cathode ray oscilloscope and various digital electronic circuits, their analysis, operational features, applications, With which he/she can able to apply the above conceptual things to real-world electrical and electronics problems and applications.
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD II Year B.Tech. Biotech.-I Sem L T/P/D C
4 -/-/- 4 (A32303) CELL BIOLOGY
Objectives: The objective of the course is to familiarize the students with cell structure, function, multiplication, differentiation, inter and intracellular signaling and regulatory pathways.
UNIT I:
CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Basic properties of cells; Cell theory; Cell complexity; Different classes of cells; Dimensions of cells; Size & shape of Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cells;
Chemistry of the cell; Importance of carbon and water; Plasma membrane- stru cture an d fu nc tion ; Cyto plasm & Cyto sk eleton ; Microtub ules, Microfilaments, Intermediate Filaments. Structure and functions of Nucleus, En do plasmic reticu lu m, Rib osomes, Go lg i Co mp lex, Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, Chloroplast & Mitochondria.
UNIT II:
INTRACELLULAR TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
Passive and Active Transport, Permeases, Na+/K+ Pump, ATPase pumps, Lysosomal & Vacuolar membrane, ATP dependent Proton Pumps, Co- Transport, Symport, Antiport, Transport into Prokaryotic Cells, Endocytosis and Exocytosis.
Post-Translational Modifications and Transport of Macromolecules:Protein glycosylation, and other modifications. Sorting & macromolecular traffic within cells. Polarization of cells & trafficking in polarized cells.
UNIT III:
CELL DIVISION AND DIFFERENTIATION
Overview of the Cell Cycle, Interphase, Mitosis, Meiosis and Cytokinesis.
Animal Cell & Yeast Cell Division, Cell Cycle Control & Checkpoints.
General Characteristics of Cell Differentiation, Historical events in Cell differentiation, Cytoplasmic determinants, Nucleoplasmic Interactions; Stem Cell differentiation and its Biological Importance.
UNIT IV
RECEPTORS & SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION
Cytosolic, Nuclear & Membrane bound receptors, Examples and types of receptors; Chemo receptors of Bacteria (Attractants & Repellents), Concept of Secondary messengers, cAMP, cGMP, Protein Kinases, G Proteins, Steroid / Peptide hormone regulation, Tissue specific regulation.
UNIT V:
DISRUPTION OF CELLULAR PATHWAYS AND INTRODUCTION TO CANCER
Characteristics of cancer cells; Disruption in cell cycle; Disruption in cell signaling. Micro organisms and cancer. Telomere/telomerase and cancer.
TEXT BOOKS:
1) Cell & Molecular Biology by Gerald Karp (2nd Ed.) Wiley publishers.
2) The Cell by Cooper.
REFERENCES:
1) The World of the cell by Becker, Reece, Poenie (3rd edition) Benjamin Publishers.
2) Molecular Biology of the cell by Bruce Alberts.
3) Cell and Molecular biology – De Robertis and De Robertis Waverly Pvt. Ltd.
4) Molecular biology- Mohan P. Arora
Outcomes: After completion of the course students would be able to distinguish different cell organelles by structures and explain the mechanisms associated with them. They can identify the important check points of cell division and alteration leading to fatal consequences.
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD II Year B.Tech. Biotech.-I Sem L T/P/D C
4 -/-/- 4 (A30006) MATHEMATICS - II
Objectives:
The objective is to find the relation between the variables x and y out of the given data (x,y).
This unit also aims to find such relationships which exactly pass through data or approximately satisfy the data under the condition of least sum of squares of errors.
The aim of numerical methods is to provide systematic methods for solving problems in a numerical form using the given initial data.
This topic deals with methods to find roots of an equation and solving a differential equation.
The numerical methods are important because finding an analytical procedure to solve an equation may not be always available.
In the diverse fields like electrical circuits, electronic communication, mechanical vibration and structural engineering, periodic functions naturally occur and hence their properties are very much required.
Indeed, any periodic and non-periodic function can be best analyzed in one way by Fourier series and transforms methods.
The unit aims at forming a partial differential equation (PDE) for a function with many variables and their solution methods. Two important methods for first order PDE’s are learnt. While separation of variables technique is learnt for typical second order PDE’s such as Wave, Heat and Laplace equations.
In many Engineering fields the physical quantities involved are vector- valued functions.
Hence the unit aims at the basic properties of vector-valued functions and their applications to line integrals, surface integrals and volume integrals.
UNIT – I
Vector Calculus: Vector Calculus: Scalar point function and vector point function, Gradient- Divergence- Curl and their related properties. Solenoidal and irrotational vectors – finding the Potential function. Laplacian operator.
Line integral – work done – Surface integrals -Volume integral. Green’s
Theorem, Stoke’s theorem and Gauss’s Divergence Theorems (Statement
& their Verification).
UNIT – II:
Fourier series and Fourier Transforms: Definition of periodic function.
Fourier expansion of periodic functions in a given interval of length
2
.Determination of Fourier coefficients – Fourier series of even and odd functions – Fourier series in an arbitrary interval – even and odd periodic continuation – Half-range Fourier sine and cosine expansions.
Fourier integral theorem - Fourier sine and cosine integrals. Fourier transforms – Fourier sine and cosine transforms – properties – inverse transforms – Finite Fourier transforms.
UNIT – III:
Interpolation and Curve fitting
Interpolation: Introduction- Errors in Polynomial Interpolation – Finite differences- Forward Differences- Backward differences –Central differences – Symbolic relations of symbols. Difference expressions – Differences of a polynomial-Newton’s formulae for interpolation - Gauss Central Difference F ormu lae –Interpo lation with un even ly spaced po in ts-L ag rang e’s Interpolation formula.
Curve fitting: Fitting a straight line –Second degree curve-exponential curve- power curve by method of least squares.
UNIT – IV : Numerical techniques
Solution of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations and Linear system of equations: Introduction – Graphical interpretation of solution of equations .The Bisection Method – The Method of False Position – The Iteration Method – Newton-Raphson Method .
Solving system of non-homogeneous equations by L-U Decomposition method (Crout’s Method). Jacobi’s and Gauss-Seidel iteration methods.
UNIT – V
Numerical Integration and Numerical solutions of differential equations:
Numerical integration - Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s 1/3rd and 3/8 Rule , Gauss-Legendre one point, two point and three point formulas.
Numerical solution of Ordinary Differential equations: Picard’s Method of successive approximations. Solution by Taylor’s series method – Single step methods-Euler’s Method-Euler’s modified method, Runge-Kutta (second and classical fourth order) Methods.
Boundary values & Eigen value problems: Shooting method, Finite difference method and solving eigen values problems, power method TEXT BOOKS:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Kreyszig, John Wiley & Sons.
2. Higher Engineering Mathematics by Dr. B.S. Grewal, Khanna Publishers.
REFERENCES:
1. Mathematical Methods by T.K.V. Iyengar, B.Krishna Gandhi & Others, S. Chand.
2. Introductory Methods by Numerical Analysis by S.S. Sastry, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
3. Mathematical Method s b y G.Shankar Rao, I.K. Internation al Publications, N.Delhi
4. Advanced Engineering Mathematics with MATLAB, Dean G. Duffy, 3rd Edi, 2013, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group.
5. Mathematics for Engineers and Scientists, Alan Jeffrey, 6ht Edi, 2013, Chapman & Hall/ CRC
6. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Michael Greenberg, Second Edition. Person Education
7 Mathematics F or Eng in eers By K.B.Datta An d M.A S.Srinivas,Cengage Publications
Outcomes: From a given discrete data, one will be able to predict the value of the data at an intermediate point and by curve fitting, can find the most appropriate formula for a guessed relation of the data variables. This method of analysis data helps engineers to understand the system for better interpretation and decision making
After studying this unit one will be able to find a root of a given equation and will be able to find a numerical solution for a given differential equation.
Helps in describing the system by an ODE, if possible. Also, suggests to find the solution as a first approximation.
One will be able to find the expansion of a given function by Fourier series and Fourier Transform of the function.
Helps in phase transformation, Phase change and attenuation of coefficients in acoustics.
After studying this unit, one will be able to find a corresponding Partial
Differential Equation for an unknown function with many independent variables and to find their solution.
Most of the problems in physical and engineering applications, problems are highly non-linear and hence expressing them as PDEs’.
Hence understanding the nature of the equation and finding a suitable solution is very much essential.
After studying this unit, one will be able to evaluate multiple integrals (line, surface, volume integrals) and convert line integrals to area integrals and surface integrals to volume integrals.
It is an essential requirement for an engineer to understand the behavior of the physical system.
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD II Year B.Tech. Biotech.-I Sem L T/P/D C
4 -/-/- 4 (A32302) BIOFLUID MECHANICS
Objectives: This course is formulated to impart the knowledge of fluids, flow properties and their measurements with respect to process operations.
UNIT-I
Overview of Fluid Mechanics
Application of Engineering principles in bioprocess Industries-Introduction to unit operations and its application in Bioprocess Industries. Concept of units and dimensions, basic quantities and derived units in SI and American Engineering system, conversion of units. Concept of mass and force, various equations of state including ideal gas law to evaluate P.V.T data, their application in process calculations by solving basic numerical problems.
UNIT-II
Properties & Classification of Fluids
Fluid mechanics- Properties of fluids, fluid statics, energy balance in fluid flow through pipes and conduits, Bernoulli’s equation and its application, calc ulatio n of p ower req uired fo r pu mp in g fluids. Examples fro m bioprocessing systems. Rheology of fluids - Newton’s law of viscosity.
Concept of Newtonian and non - Newtonian fluids- Different types of non- Newtonian fluids with examples in bioprocessing. Measurement of viscosity using extrusion rheometer, plate and cone viscometer, coaxial cylinder viscometer.
UNIT-III
Flow Resistance & Pressure Drop
Flow through pipes, average velocity, flow regimes, Laminar and turbulent flow – characterization by Reynold’s number, pressure drop due to skin friction and form friction, friction factor chart, Hagen -Poiseuille equation. Flow past immersed bodies: Definition of drag and drag coefficient. Friction in flow through beds of solids, derivation of friction factor equations and pressure drop expressions. Introduction of the concept of packed beds. Concept of terminal velocity.
UNIT-IV
Flow Measuring Devices
Flow measuring and monitoring systems- valves, bends, elbows, prevention of leaks, mechanic al seals, stu ffing box. Flow measuring devices- manometers, orifice meter, venture meter and rotameter.
UNIT-V Pumps
Fluid tran sp ortatio n mach inery: Different typ es o f pumps, po sitive displacement pumps, reciprocating pumps, diaphragm pumps, peristaltic pumps. Calculation of pump horse power.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Unit operations of chemical engineering, Mc Cabe, W.L, Smith J.C., and Harriot P., Mc-Graw Hill, 3rd Ed.
2. Unit Operations-1: K. A.Gavhane: Nirali Prakashan REFERENCES:
1. Fluid mechanics and machinery, C. P. Kothandaraman and R.
Rudramoorhy, New Age International Publishers, 3rd Ed (2012).
2. “Technical aspects of the rheological properties of microbial cultures“, - Charles, M in Advances in Biochemical Engineering, Ghose, T.K., Fiechter, A and Blakebrough, N.(Eds), Spinger-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 1- 62
3. Unit operation in Food processing, Earle, R.L. (1996) Pergamon Press, Oxford, PP. 212-282.
4. Introduction to Biochemical Engineering, D.G.Rao, Tata Mc Hill (2005) 5. Bio-process Engineering Principles, Pauline M.Doran. Academic
press.
Outcomes: At the end students will know fluid properties, their behavioral characteristics and would be able to calculate pressure drop across the column .They will be able to measure the various fluid properties and handle fluid based equipments and reactors.
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD II Year B.Tech. Biotech.-I Sem L T/P/D C
4 -/-/- 4 (A32304) MICROBIOLOGY
Objectives: This course is formulated to provides an exposure to microbial diversity, their characteristics, classification, physiology and identification. It also enables them to understand host pathogen interaction and their microbial environment. It also introduces the students to pathogens and viruses.
UNIT I:
INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY: Discovery of microorganisms;
Theory of spontaneous generation, Germ theory of diseases; Major contribution and events in the field of Microbiology. Scope and relevance of microbiology.
Identification of Microorganisms - A general account. Microdiversity UNIT II:
MAJOR GROUPS OF MICROORGANISMS AND GENERAL METHODS OF IDENTIFICATION: General characteristics of Bacteria, Archaea and Eubacteria. Diversity classification of Woese et al. Three domains of life.
Five - kingdom system of Whittaker.
Classification systems - Phylogenetic, Phenetic, Taxonomic ranks, Major characteristics used in Taxonomy - Morphological, Physiological, ecological, Biochemical, Immunological, Genetic and Molecular.
Colony characteristics, staining techniques; Fixation, Principle dyes, simple staining, differential staining, spore staining, flageller staining.
Biochemical tests – Sugar fermentations, IMVIC tests, Catalase production etc.
UNIT III:
NUT RITION, CULT IVAT ION AND PRESERVATION OF MICROORGANISMS: Nutrition requirements of microorganisms; nutritional classes o f micro bes, Macro and mic ron utrients, their so urc es and physiological functions of nutrients. Growth factors and their functions in metab olism. Aerob ic and anaerob ic metab olism. Cultivation o f microorganisms; Culture media, synthetic, complex media, solidifying agents, types of media -selective, differential and enrichment and enriched media, pure culture methods - spread plate, pour plate and streak plate, special techniques for cultivation of anaerobes.
Influence of environmental factors on growth – solutes, water activity, pH, temperature, oxyzen, osomotic pressure, radiation.
Preservation of Microganisms: working and primary stock cultures – agar slants, agar stabs, spore preparation, use of sterile soil, cryopreservation, lyophilisation, Application and limitations of various methods.
UNIT IV:
PATHOGENESITY: Definition of infection and disease, Normal Physiology versus pathology and disease, Normal Flora versus Pathogens, virulence an d resp on sible factors co lo nization , Examples: In fluenza, Toxin , Tuberculosis, Antimicrobials & mode of action: cell membrane, protein, nucleic acid.
UNIT V:
VIRUSES: Introduction to Viruses: Properties and Structure of Viruses; Animal Virology; Plant Virology; Viruses of Arthropods, bacteria and other lower organisms; classification of viruses (Bacterial, plant and animal with 1 example each); Applications of Virology in Biotech Industry,
Replication of viruses: Viral Replication-Bacterial, plant and animal with 1 example each ( in case of animal viruses the teaching should include the examples of DNA and RNA viral replication and also of those that replicate in the cytoplasm and nucleus).
Identification, culture and assay of viruses: Identification and in vitro cultivation of viruses. Assay of viruses (Both bacterial and animal viruses)
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Microbiology, Pelczar M.J. Chan ECE and Krieg NR. Tata McGraw Hill.
2. General Microbiology. Roger Y stanier, Macmillan.
REFERENCES:
1. Biology of Micro organisma. BROCK, Prentice Hall, International Inc.
2. Introduction to Micro Biology a case History approach 3rd edition john.
L. Ingraham, Catherine A lingraham, Thomson Publications.
3. General Microbiology. Hons. G.Schlege. Combridge university press.
4. General Microbiology. Prescott and Dunn Mc Graw Hill Publishers.
5. Introduction to microbiology – A case history approach 3rd edition – john L. ingram, Catherine A. Ingram Thomson Publishers.
6. Microbiology: A Human perspective 5th edition, Nestor, Anderson, Robertes
Outcomes: Student would be able to distinguish between bacteria by culture and staining methods. They understand the different mechanisms associated with pathogenecity, virus replication, quantification and identification. They will gain the ability to differentiate virus from bacteria and also correlate the differences between replication, quantification and identification methods.
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD II Year B.Tech. Biotech.-I Sem L T/P/D C
- -/3/- 2 (A32381) BIOCHEMISTRY LAB
Objectives: This course is designed to impart basic practical knowledge of preparation of standard solutions and buffers, color reactions of biomolecules and their estimations, basic knowledge of chromatography and basics of biomolecular separation of mixtures.
1. Units, Volume & Weight measurements. Concentration units, pH Measurement. Preparation of buffers, Preparation of standard solutions: 0.1N Hcl, 2/3N H2SO4, 10mm Tris.
2. Qualitative tests for Carbohydrates, Aminoacids, Lipids
3. Qualitative estimation of Carbohydrates: DNS Method, Protein:
Bradford/Lowry
4. Lipids: Saponification number, I2 Value 5. Estimation of Purity of Nucleic Acids 6. Chromatography: Paper, TLC
7. Estimation of Nucleic Acids, Test for ribose and deoxyribose sugar.
8. Extraction of Caffeine from tea leaves.
REFERENCES:
1. Biotechnology Procedures and experiments Hand Book by S.Harisha, Infinity Science Press, 2008
2. Laboratory Manaual in Biochemistry by J.Jayaraman New age International Publications.
3. Principles & Techniques of Practical Biochemistry 5th edition. K. Wilson
& J.Walker, Cambridge University Press, 2000.
4. Biochemical Methods by S.Sadasivam, A. Manickam, New Age International Publishers.
Outcomes: Students would be able to distinguish between different biomolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids by identification and estimation techniques.