Feasibility study on scientific production and storage of farmers’ saved seed in major crops
The quality of farmers’ rice seed under treatment (supervision) in the valley districts were found superior over their neighbours’ saved seeds (check) (Table 1). The off types present were as low as 0.6% as compared to 26..5% in the check (neighbours’ field). The obnoxious weeds were very high (16.75%) in the checks while it was weeded out (not found) in plots under treatment.
240 rice seed samples collected during the year 1996-97 from all the districts were found to contain 15.6-28.7% off- types, 12.6-26.4% weed seeds and 14.7-27.5% diseased seeds.
Rabi maize for seed production as time isolation at farmer’s field
In maize (var.Pusa Composite-3) the seeds under time isolation in farmers’ (rabi sown) fields were able to maintain purity of 86.33% after 2 sowing seasons as compared to that of 64.23% in the neighbours’ plots under summer/kharif planting. 28 kg of basic seeds of rapeseed M-27
was purified in the ICAR farm of Manipur centre to be given for time isolation for checking cross pollination by insect (bees) started under farmers’
conditions.
Table 1. Quality of farmers’ own produced rice seeds under supervision and neighbours’ seeds in two valley districts of Manipur
Standard (Indian Seed under Neighbours’
minimum treatment seed
standard) (supervision)
Pure seed (98%) 99.80% 94.12%
Inert matter (2.5%) 0.54% 17.04%
Weed seed (10/kg) 1.8 25.22
Germination (80%) 86.54% 82.12%
Moisture content (%) 12.54% 13.43%
Seed storage in charcoal desiccated beans at farmer’s condition
In farmers’ conditions, seeds stored under the charcoal desiccated bins were found superior to those stored under ambient conditions. Seed moisture remained low at 9.1% moisture (w/w) in maize (as against 13.6% under ambient conditions) and 9.02% in rice (vs.12.6%). Seed germination was retained at 80.5% after 20 months in rice (02.12% in ambient) and 76.22% (vs.00.0%) in maize. In rapeseed M27, moisture content was 6.4% and germination was 86.48% (vs.65.33%).
Maintenance breeding of locally released/
recommended varieties of important crops Rice varieties being released from this centre are being maintained through panicle row selection
and basic seeds are being produced every year.
Seeds were supplied to the certified seed growers through the Agriculture Department, Manipur. Pre- kharif rice varieties, viz., RC Maniphou-4 and RC Maniphou-5, panicle rows were raised from the last years’ selected row. For kharif varieties viz., RC Maniphou-6, RC Maniphou-7 and Lungnilaphou, seed crops were raised and true to type panicles were selected.
During the year 2475kg basic seeds of Lungnilaphou, 2585kg of RC Maniphou-7, 848kg of RC Maniphou-6, 715kg of RC Maniphou-5 and 825kg of RC Maniphou-4 were produced under different classes of seeds. In maize, Pusa Maize Composite 3, sixth generation maintenance was carried out by raising in the winter (December) as time isolation. The purity was maintained and selections were made for true to type plants.
Seed Storage: Use of botanicals in seed storage Locally harvested seeds of rice, maize, soybean and rapeseed treated with the plant powders at 4g/
kg seed were stored under both ambient and charcoal desiccated conditions. Seed stored under desiccated conditions showed superior both with and without treatments up to eight months of storage. Charcoal desiccation could reduce seed moisture content to 1.5 to 2% thereby maintaining germination.
Seeds under the desiccated conditions were free from insect and seed fungi. At 20th month of storage, the viability remained at 84.23% in rice, 78.65% in maize, 86.0% in rapeseed and 78.5% in soybean. After 14 months of storage under ambient conditions, the seeds lost viability below the certification standards.
Table 2. Mean germination per cent and seed moisture content after 20 months of storage under charcoal desiccated and ambient conditions
Crop/ Variety Charcoal Ambient desiccated
Rice: Maniphou 7 84.23%(10.9)* 32.85 %( 12.65%) Maize: PMC 3 78.65%(11.23%) 2.50% (12.80%) Soyabean: JS335 78.50% (9.25%) 0.25 %( 10.2%) Rapeseed: M-27 86.52% (8.7%) 98.00 %( 7.25%)
* Per cent moisture content (w/w)
Development of seed production packages of major crops in north east
In a study to develop suitable Seed Production technologies in major crops of the region, seed crops of six different crops viz., rice, maize, rapeseed, pea, soybean and groundnut were raised with recommended varieties. In rice, four varieties, viz., RC-Maniphou-7, RC-Maniphou-6 and Lungnilaphou were taken for Kharif and RC- Maniphou-4 and RC-Maniphou-5 were taken for pre kharif season. In Maize, composite varieties, Pusa Composite 3 and Navjot were taken. In pea, varieties Rachana and Arkel, in soybean, JS-355, in rapeseed, M-27 and in groundnut, ICGS-76 were taken. Treatments were initially taken up for sowing time, isolation time, rouging frequencies, selection in maize and rapeseed, maturity and harvest stages.
FISHERIES
Studies on the effect of various inducing agents in breeding performance of Asian catfish (Clarias batrachus (Linn.) in Manipur valley
An experiment was conducted to induce ovulation in Asian catfish, Clarias batrachus by a single injection of Wova FH. The highest number of eggs was stripped after 26h of post injection of 1.0 ml Wova FH kg -1 body weight of female. The fertilisation and hatching percent of eggs had significantly increased with increase in latency period to 25h at a dose of 1.0 ml Wova FH kg -1 body weight. The latency period of 25h and dose of 1.0 ml Wova FH kg -1 body weight of female was found to be suitable to obtain best spawning performance and good quality eggs and larval production in Clarias batrachus. The fertilization of egg was 58 % and hatching of 45% with this dose. Incubation period was more than 35 hours.
Studies on the comparative efficacy of Ovaprim and Ovatide in induced breeding of Labeo bata (Hamilton) in Manipur
Induced breeding of the Indian minor carp, Labeo bata (Ham.) was conducted using synthetic
hormones Ovaprim and Ovatide in three intensity levels. It was found that, all the intensity levels of hormones Ovaprim and Ovatide could enhance the fishes to breed and lay eggs whereas no breeding was observed in control set. The latency period was found to be 7-8 hours. The egg output / female was highest with Ovaprim at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg of female and 0.2 ml/kg of male body weight and with Ovatide at a dose of 0.4 ml/kg of female and 0.2 ml/kg of male body weight. The number of eggs released by the female (40-45g body weight) was ranged from 3500 to 4000. The oocyte diameter was found to be 3.5 ± 0.5 mm in size. Fertilization rate and hatching rate was found to be 55.7 ± 1.50
% and 53.42 ± 2.31% respectively with Ovaprim dose of 0.5 ml/ kg of female and 0.2ml/kg of male body weight and 52.3 ± 1.50% and 51.48 ± 2.11 % respectively with Ovatide dose of 0.4ml/ kg of female and 0.2ml/kg of male body weight. In comparison, Ovaprim showed better efficacy than Ovatide in producing more numbers of hatchlings.
Labeo bata embryo development at 27 0C: (A) 2h post fertilization (pf), (B) 13h pf embryo prior to hatching, (C) Just hatched out larva (3.8 ± 0.2
mm)
Studies on the genetic diversity and species- specific DNA markers of five species of Puntius in Manipur
The genus Puntius Hamilton comprises a group of species of the Cyprinid family, which are
ANIMAL SCIENCE
commonly known as barbs. About 14 species of Puntius are reported from Manipur. The genetic variation and phylogenetic relationship between five Puntius sp. namely P. bizonatus, P.
manipurensis, P. sophore, P. chola and P. jayarami found in Manipur are under study using RAPD- PCR with primer OPC-05 (lane 1-10) M- 100 bp DNA ladder.
RAPD profile of 10 individuals of P. sophore
M 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Training on induced breeding of Magur (Clarias batrachus)