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48 © CAB International 2010. Tourism, Progress and Peace (eds O. Moufakkir and I. Kelly)
4 Tourism which Erases Borders: an Introspection into Bosnia and
Herzegovina
S. C
auSeviCQueen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland
Introduction
The representation of borders and national identities in the field of border studies saw a commendable growth at end of the 20th century (Van Houtum, 2005). Minghi (1963) classified borders as being natural and political; natural borders were usually seen as ‘good’ borders, political borders as ‘bad’ borders (in Van Houtum, 2005). In the current discourse all the borders are seen as political, thus the presence of natural borders was denied. Current discourse is thus focused on the construction of these political borders, emphasizing the story and the form of border representation. However, the first borders that ever existed were natural ones. Van Houtum (2005) therefore argues that the current research focus is overlooking the fundamental determinant, which has led to the separation between natural and non-natural borders.
Although the notion of national identity in Europe was defined during the Romantic Era in the 18th and 19th centuries (Mazower, 2000), West Balkan territory has lagged behind this process. In the early 1990s, when the iron curtain disappeared and the expansion of the EU became a prominent political theme, former Yugoslavia was immersed in a heavy nationalist rhetoric and political conflict, whose result was the demarcation of the new political borders.
This chapter deals with the newly constructed internal political ‘borders’ of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), which divide B&H citizens by their ethnic background, thus recreating the unfinished discourse of a national identity.
Tourism is seen as the discourse under which the importance of the natural borders can be recreated, and as such, a tool for enhancing the process of social reconciliation in this divided country.