Air Pollution Monitoring System

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International Journal of Recent Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJRAET)

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ISSN (Online): 2347 - 2812, Volume-2, Issue - 4, 2014 25

Air Pollution Monitoring System

1Sonal Omprakash Talokar, ²Jagdish W Bakal M.E. (IV Sem.) PIIT College Mumbai , Principal SSJCOE Mumbai

Email: ¹[email protected], ²[email protected]

Abstract— The hazards affecting environment have grown through the ages. Environmental condition changes from time to time, this lead to invention to environmental monitoring and controlling system. The study of environment initiated by implementation of wired communication and till the date resting on wireless technology. The paper calculates energy consumption by the Cluster Head deployed in an area which monitors air pollution through wireless sensor network using Matlab tool. The results mentioned proved how effective a sensor can work to monitor air pollution

Index Terms—Wireless sensor Network, Cluster Head, Matlab.

I. INTRODUCTION

With increase in standardization of human life style, one needs to communicate with work as soon as possible. The communication started in electronic media with implementation of wired network connection channel to wireless network connection channel to wireless.

Furthermore, Wireless channel have been categorized as Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN), Wide Personal Area Network (WPAN). The word sensor belongs to category of WPAN. Sensors communicate among themselves between ranges of 10m consuming power 1mW to 250mW. Sensors communicate in group placed. The grouped communication is termed as wireless networked communication, since they do not possess wired connection. The Sensor as whole consist of parts namely, i) Sensing Unit

ii) Memory Unit iii) Communication Unit iv) Microcontroller Unit v) Power Unit

All above mentioned parts of sensor node form independent task as per respectively and all of them

depend on the power unit. This shows that sensor nodes needs power unit to drive work from all remaining four unit respectively. Now, it comes to be the driver in the sensor node is the power unit and if anything wrong with driver the whole system stands stills. This emphasizes that how power unit is of great magnitude.

With that thought, energy consumption is recognized the as topic of concern. The power consumption by sensor node may increase or decrease with time. In order to find out power consumption that is nothing but energy consumption. Now energy consumption can increase or decrease with time which helps to calculate pollution level respectively. One has to implement, find out and conclude whether energy consumption changes with respect to time or remain constant.

II. IMPLEMENTATION

A. Essential Elements

The deployment of Wireless Sensor Network is feasible when compared with the Wired Sensor Network. Because there lies many pros namely,

a) Use of Broadcast Communication.

b) Query-Based Addressing.

c) Economical.

d) Small Size.

Now, with respect to above points one can draw out conclusion that all in all it is a handy structure help to perform multiple task efficiently without continuously manually monitoring and low deployment cost. The Wireless Sensor Network comprises of Sensor Nodes, Sink/ Gateway, Database and Application. The below diagram gives pictorial view of the above mentioned.

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Diagram 1. Deployment of Wireless Senor Network to Monitor Air Pollution.

The diagram 1 shows the working of Wireless Sensor Network to detect air pollution. The diagram mentions Area 1 to Area6 are deployed with Sensor Nodes and Cluster Head. The Cluster head works similar to Router which is connected to Gateway/ Sink. Also the Cluster Head performs similar task to what Sensor Nodes perform. The Gateway further connected to Database to Application.

B. Performance of WSN for Air Pollution Monitoring The work here is to implement reduction in energy consumption without affecting the actual target. This is achieved by applying two mathematical terms on the readings achieved in the Cluster Head. The Cluster Head process data which is received by all the nodes deployed in the same Area. The Cluster Head carry out the task as follows:

a) Senses the data from the surrounding.

b) The data send by Sensor Nodes collected.

c) The data send by Sensor Node is in form of packet consisting of Data and Node ID.

d) The Cluster Head firstly removes the Duplicate Data by checking Data and Node ID of the Packet.

e) Then followed by applying Recursive Quartile term calculation on the initially processed data as motioned in above point d).

For say,

Data Collected in the Cluster Head of Area1 are:

17/Node 1 11/ Node4 13/ Node2 17/ Node1 19/ Node6 26/ Node 3 18/ Node 5

The Cluster Head performs first Duplicate Elimination Technique on the above data and obtains the output respectively as:

17/Node 1 11/ Node4 13/ Node2 19/ Node6 26/ Node 3 18/ Node 5

The data obtained after duplicate elimination technique is operated by Recursive Quartile Method giving outcome as:

13, 17.5, 19

The data obtained 13, 17.5 and 19 corresponds to the given data. Therefore reducing the given data does not hamper the actual face value of the same. This operation further helps in reducing both, the transmission power of the Cluster Head and the receiving power of the Sink / Gateway. This shows advantageous time consumption to compute the data in the Cluster Head.

C. Realization WSN using Matlab.

The picture 1 shows implementation of WSN to monitor and calculate energy consumption with respect to time.

The picture has Area 1(Grey Color), Area2 (Yellow Color) and Area3 (Pink Color) consisting of 25 Sensor Nodes respectively. Also, the Cluster Head (Orange Color) calculates energy consumption using existing System and the cluster Head (Green Color) using proposed system as performed in previous section.

The energy consumption with existing system is 210Amp in 720 sec. and with proposed system is 180.5 Amp in 21.6 sec.

The Picture2 shows graphical representation of Existing system. Here Y-Axis and X-Axis indicates Time (720 sec) and Energy Consumption (210Amp)

The Picture3 shows Proposed System requires time of 21.6 sec and consumes Energy of 180.5 Amp

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Picture1. Execution of WSN using Matlab

Picture2. Existing System

Picture3. Proposed System

III. CONJECTURE BASED ON PROPOSED SYSTEM

What? Why? How?

The First question deals with actual scenario leads to. The answer lies as implementation of WSN paved away to create hands on knowledge of what can be obtained from the real world.

The Second question points need of the Proposed System vs. Existing System. The response is the enhancement of the Existing System without disquieting the aim to monitor data from real world.

The Third question leads defining path to achieve What?

and How? The riposte leads that the proposed system encapsulates Duplicate Elimination Technique and Recursive Quartile Method. These two combinations results in a winner which, consumes less energy and time.

IV. CONCLUSION

The benefit of any research lies in the result. The proposed system delivers excellent results. The compelled issue was the proposed system over existing system. The Mathematical calculations techniques in the proposed system as mentioned stood up picturing the drawback of existing system. The Matlab tool proved excellent for implementation of mathematical calculations, their simulating results and graphical display. This tool further helped in analysis of the very two System’s scenario. The declaration reveals the necessity to change for attaining up gradation of WSN for monitoring air pollution.

REFERENCES

[1] Kavi K Khedo, Rajiv Perseedos and Avinash Mungur, “A Wireless Sensor Network Air Pollution Monitoring System”, International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks (IJWMN), Vol.2,No.2,May2010.

[2] Sonal O Talokar, Manjusha Deshmukh, “WSN for Air Pollution Monitoring System”, International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Computer Science and Mathematics Physical Education and

Management (ICEECMPE), ISBN

978-93-82702-42-9.

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