BARRIERS ANALYSIS OF QUALITY OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION IN PRIVATE ENGINEERING COLLEGE AT JABALPUR
Shashank Sharma
PG. Scholar (Industrial Engg. & Management) Dheeraj Dave
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Takshshila Institutes of Engineering
& Technology, Jabalpur, (M.P)
Abstract- The main aim of this research is to understand the continuous decreasing interest of engineering education in Jabalpur and also analysis the reason behind the quality degradation of engineering education. The above written two issues are the main current problem of the Jabalpur engineering education sector and at the same time regularly poor campus selection numbers of the students from last 5 years. From last decades Jabalpur cities leaders and academicians have aim that Jabalpur should become an education hub for students in Madhya Pradesh. But at present lots of private engineering colleges are not running, means they surrender their engineering seats and lots of more turn their interest in other business because lots of seats are remain vacant after completion of engineering entrance counseling. Therefore to understand the root cause of the problems and know the good statistical results of the cause become the main aim of the research. Therefore to solve the quality issues in private engineering colleges in this thesis work first literature survey is done and all the barriers find out from the survey was discuss with experts from private engineering. After discussion and brainstorming 17 barriers has been selected and to know the driving and driven power of the barriers “Interpretive Structure Modeling tool” is used to prioritize them as per their importance. The barriers analysis results were shown with the help of MICMAC analysis and by ISM model.
Keywords: Engineering Education; Interpretive Structure Modeling, MICMAC, Self Structural Matrix, Initial Reachability Matrix.
1. INTRODUCTION
The present scenario of the world is rapidly growing technological day by day in every aspect and field of the human life. Technology increase the globalization very fast and today human being can easily received required things and knowledge within few days. Therefore all the countries are now days focusing on technological research and development because today’s science and mathematics become the backbone of the country. As we can easily see that the AMERICA, RUSSIA AND EUROPIAN countries are developed due to their advancement in the field of the engineering and technology and now act as leader to the world. The CHINA and INDIA are the great example of growing economy with the help of engineering & technology. As in INDIA we can see that all the rapid growth in the industrialization is possible due to the growth in the engineering & technology education and adoption at right time. Because of the above fact this research work
is concerned with the quality of engineering education because in present time in INDIA engineering education suffer from poor interest in the education of the engineering among the students and at the same time jobs are also reduced in the engineering field.
1.1 Present Indian Engineering Education Situation
In 1847, the first engineering college was established in Roorkee named Thomson Engineering College to train civil engineers. However, the first formal school for engineering was set up in Guindy, Madras, in 1842, which was attached to the Gun Carriage Factory. At the end of nineteenth century, the technical education in India consisted of only four engineering colleges at the degree level, about 20 survey and technical institutes and about 50 industrial schools (Government of India, 2004). The Sarkar Committee, appointed by Government of India in
1945, recommended the
establishment of higher technical
institutes based on the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the four regions of India, which has resulted in the setting up of the five Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) at Kharagpur (1950), Bombay (1958), Kanpur (1959), Madras (1960) and Delhi (1961) (Delhi was added on to the original four). Afterwards, the increasing demand for engineering education has resulted in the establishment of a large number of institutions in India. There were only 242 degree-level engineering institutions in the country in 1985–
1986 with a total intake capacity of 0.17 million, which has increased to 3,346 institutions with more than 3.69 million intakes in the year 2013–2014. In this period, higher education institutions (HEIs) in India has increased from 5,427 to 40,373 which amounts to an annual average growth rate of 7.43 per cent, whereas engineering education institutions have increased by about 10 per cent per annum. Also, within three decades, the share of engineering enrolment to total higher education enrolment in India has increased from 3.42 to 15.55 per cent (Table 1).
1.2 Engineering Institutes in Jabalpur
Madhya Pradesh is one of the rapid growing states in INDIA in all manners.
Madhya Pradesh state has 258 engineering colleges and polytechnic colleges. JABALPUR is very famous and important city of Madhya Pradesh because Jabalpur city have so many important organization of central government and also have the good road, air and railway connectivity with the all important state of INDAI. Basically Jabalpur is famous due to the defense factory like “ordinance factory, gun carriage factory, vehicle factory and COD and also have so many tourist places.
Jabalpur has one of the oldest engineering college of INDIA which name was Robert son engineering college but at present its name is Jabalpur Engineering College and very famous alumnae like Engineer Sudhir Dubey former DRDO
head. Now a day’s Jabalpur is also grow as the education hub city and main reason of that it has good Science and engineering colleges. At present time after Indoor and Bhopal, Jabalpur is next choice for educational place among the students.
1.3 Introduction of AICTE And RGPV
The beginning of formal technical education in India can be dated back to the mid-19th century. Major policy initiatives in the pre-independence period included the appointment of the Indian Universities Commission in 1902, issue of the Indian Education Policy Resolution in 1904, and the Governor General’s policy statement of 1913 stressing the importance of technical education, the establishment of IISc in Bangalore, Institute for Sugar, Textile & Leather Technology in Kanpur, N.C.E. in Bengal in 1905, and industrial schools in several provinces. All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) was set up in November 1945 as a national-level apex advisory body to conduct a survey on the facilities available for technical education and to promote development in the country in a coordinated and integrated manner.
Figure 1.1 AICTE Organization Structure
1.4 Introduction of Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya
Established in the year of 1998, by Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha Act 13, 1998. Over a sprawling Campus of about 247 acres, the Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya is marching towards development into a center of excellence in the arena of Technical Education, Research and Innovations. Under its umbrella there are 05 UTD's, 200 affiliated Engineering Colleges, 98 Pharmacy Colleges, 95 MCA Colleges and
04 Architecture Colleges imparting Graduate level instructions running around 17 under graduate level courses, 85 Polytechnic institutions offering diploma courses in emerging and conventional disciplines. Situated amidst an aesthetic and hilly surrounding, the University is now offering Ph Ds and 11 posts.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Engineering Education in JabalpurMadhya Pradesh is the heart of the INDIA similarly Jabalpur is the heart of Madhya Pradesh and also known as cultural capital of state. Jabalpur is situated ---- longitude ---latitude and the Capricorn passes from mid of the Jabalpur.
Jabalpur is having a great history.
Jabalpur name is origin from the name of Jabali rishi. In ancient time its name pronounces Jabalipuram and at the time of British rule its name pronounces Jubbulpore. Jabalpur is also famous for tourism point of view because Jabalpur has so many historical and natural places for visit like Dhuandhar falls, Bhedaghat and Chausat Yogini Temple. Jabalpur is also famous because its situated near the bank of holy Narmada River. From the industrial point of view Jabalpur is also famous because of defense factory like Ordinance factory, Vehicle factory, gun carriage factory, COD and BSNL factory.
Madhya Pradesh electricity head office Shakti Bhawan is also in Jabalpur. There is so many private industries are operating here in main industrial areas.
Jabalpur also famous among the students as education hub and know from 2 decades engineering education is growing dramatically.
2.2 Quality of Engineering Education Namish Mehta*a, Prakash Verma*b and Nitin Seth*c (2013)
In this research, the decision team identified the nature of the contextual relationship among the variables of the 13 TQM principles. Totally, 13 guiding principles were obtained using Delphi research. It involved discussion with a decision team of 26 members which consisted of authors, students, lecturers, professors, director/principal, parents, and industrialist. The findings of the Delphi research are perceived to be
credible and reliable because they are produced by expert in regards to the issue of concern (Ali, 2005).
Victor Gambhir, N .C. Wadhwa, Sandeep Grover (2016)
In this research case, digraph and matrix methods were used to build a quality model for technical institutes in the Indian context. Several parameters affecting the services to the stakeholders of an institute were considered and grouped into seven main quality indicators, namely, physical resources (A1), faculty and staff (A2), financial resources (A3), governing rules (A4), teaching–learning process (A5), industry–
academia interaction (A6) and stakeholder viewpoints (A7). Using digraph and matrix methods, the quality of Technical Education was expressed in terms of an index, called the EQI. This index value depended on the importance of quality indicators selected and their interdependencies.
To illustrate the effectiveness of the model suggested, the quality level of education was compared using EQI scores for three types of institute. Using the same methodology, quality models can be developed for any kind of educational institution to identify and compare the quality level of education for different programs offered by the institutes.
As per literature survey and interview with experts following factors for improving the quality education:
Table 2.1 Importance of factors for improving the quality of education
2.3 Barriers that Influence Quality of Engineering Education
There is a lot of study had done related to growth of engineering education and implementation of different industrial tool in engineering education like TQM, TPM, 5S and QFD. After that lot of study also done related to quality concern in engineering education but now a day’s it’s become very important to study the quality of engineering education because at present engineering education suffered from many issues that need to taken into consideration for the growth of the engineering education.
As per literature survey and brainstorming with various expert from industries and academicians following 17 barriers are find out for analysis of quality of engineering education in private engineering colleges at Jabalpur. These barriers are given below:-
I. Students Quality II. Experienced faculty
III. Outdated machinery & software IV. Training facility
V. Placement facility & record VI. Financial limitation
VII. Faculty retention
VIII. Growth opportunities for faculty &
staff
IX. Infrastructure
X. English language issues XI. Leadership efficiency XII. Faculty adequacy
XIII. Technical staff adequacy
XIV. Research & Development activities XV. Staff appraisal & growth
XVI. Commitment to maintain
standard
XVII. Industry and college interaction 3. AIM OF THE RESEARCH
The main aim of this research is to understand the continuous decreasing interest of engineering education in Jabalpur and also analysis the reason behind the quality degradation of engineering education. The above written two issues are the main current problem of the Jabalpur engineering education sector and at the same time regularly poor campus selection numbers of the students from last 5 years. From last decades Jabalpur cities leaders and academicians have aim that Jabalpur should become an
education hub for students in Madhya Pradesh. To fulfill above dream lot of supports given to the private sectors to come forward and open engineering college at Jabalpur and due to constant efforts of the all people total 22 private engineering colleges are running along with one national IITDM college and many more polytechnic college also. But at present lots of private engineering colleges are not running, means they surrender their engineering seats and lots of more turn their interest in other business because lots of seats are remain vacant after completion of engineering entrance counseling. Therefore to understand the root cause of the problems and know the good statistical results of the cause become the main aim of the research.
4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The aim of this thesis is to help out the private engineering colleges at Jabalpur to prioritize the barriers as per their weightage to easily understand the main barriers which affect the quality of engineering education. Therefore in this research work a research structure is prepared by which private engineering colleges can easily find out the barriers in the quality of and at the same time knows about their weightages.
5 ISM FORMATION MODEL
The ISM is basically giving the explanation as judgment of the selected areas for the research decides whether and how the variables are related. ISM generally has following steps: The ISM procedure can be described briefly as encompassing the following steps:
Step 1:- Variables affecting the system are listed; in our research work.
Step 2:- From the variables identified in step 1, contextual relationship among the variables with respect to which pairs of variables are examined.
Step 3:- A Structural Self-Interaction Matrix (SSIM) is developed for variables, which indicates pair wise relationship among variables of the system under consideration.
Step 4:- A reachability matrix is developed from the SSIM and the matrix is checked for transitivity.
The transitivity of the contextual relationships is a basic assumption made in ISM. It states that if variable A is related to variable B and variable B is related to variable C, then variable A is necessarily related to variable C.
Step 5:- The reachability matrix obtained in Step 4 is partitioned into different levels.
Step 6:- Based on the contextual relationships in the reachability matrix, a directed graph is drawn and the transitive links are removed.
Step 7:- The resultant diagraph is converted into an Interpretive Structural Model by replacing variable nodes with statements.
6 DATA FOR SELECTING BARRIERS FOR QUALITY OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION
For collecting the data for this thesis work number of meetings and interview were organize with the experts from the different private engineering colleges. For collecting the data following steps are taken as follows:
I. Read the research paper the area of engineering education quality related.
II. Collect the most relevant research paper and study the accreditation process of technical institutions.
III. Find the different barriers which affect the quality of engineering education and discuss with experts.
IV. Select the most appropriate barriers for the research work.
V. With the help of above processes 17 barriers are find out.
6.1 Preparation of SSIM
SSIM table form is given below:
Table 6.1 Structural Self Intersection Matrix (SSIM)
In this above given SSIM four symbols are used V, A, X and O, these symbols notations are given below:
Table 5.2 VAXO Meaning for SSIM 6.2 Construction of IRM
Table 6.2 Initial Reachability Matrix
6.3 Iteration Summary
Below given the iteration summary of all the barriers and this will useful in the formation of ISM model. Iteration summary will give the level of all barriers.
Level of barriers will help the owner to find the weightage and priority of barriers.
Table 6.3 Iteration Summary 6.4 Micmac Analysis
Figure 6.4 Micmac Analysis The MICMAC analysis is prepared as per the driving and dependence power of barriers in the initial reachability matrix.
As per the table of IRM barrier B1 have driving power 5 and driven power 8, therefore barrier D1 put in the cell 5-8 hence barriers B1come under the AUTONOMOUS variables category.
Similar process is adopted for all the 17 barriers and the barriers position are as follows:
I. Autonomous variables:
Autonomous variables have week driving and driven power. Barriers D1, D3, D4, D8, D10, D13 and D15 come under autonomous variables category. These barriers do not affect other barriers and their effect will not affect other.
II. Linkage variables: Linkage variables have strong driving and driven power, but in this research work no barriers come under this category.
III. Dependent variables: These barriers are depending on other barriers and have poor driving power. Barriers D2, D5, D7, D12, D14 and D17 come under this category.
IV. Independent variables:
Independence barriers have good driving power but poor dependence power.
Independent barriers are more important barriers because it will affect the other barriers. Barriers D6, D9, D11 and D16 come under this category.
6.5 Development of ISM Model
Figure 6.5 ISM Model
7 RESULTS
This research work is basically focused to the barriers analysis of quality of engineering education in private engineering college at Jabalpur, therefore as per the discussion and help from the academicians of private engineering college mainly 17 barriers are selected from literature survey. Brainstorming with the academicians and alumnae will converted into results with the help of interpretive structure modeling tool and the following results are received:
I. 17 essential barriers are found out with their priority and weightages.
II. All the barriers interrelation, priority and weightage generated with the help of interpretive structure modeling tool and ISM is giving the at glance view of the results.
III. MICMAC analysis has been providing the driving and dependence power of the barriers.
The barriers importance and result is given in below table:
Table 7.1 barriers importance 8 CONCLUSIONS
This thesis work is very useful for the quality of engineering education in private engineering colleges because colleges are very well aware about the important barriers and can take the suitable action for improving it. The levels of important are as follows:
Table 8.1 barriers level of importance 9 Limitation & Future Scope
The colleges consider in this thesis work are belongs to Jabalpur reason only and most of them are single unit college hence some of the barriers are not suitable for private colleges situated out of the city or state.
In future with the help of this thesis work, according to the weightage of the barriers one can improve it and validate the results. This research work can also be used for technical diploma field, means polytechnic colleges.
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