Vol.04, Issue 05, May 2019, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN WIND ENERGY FACTS DEVICE AND SOLAR
ENEGY SYSTEM FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT: A REVIEW
1Ashish Kumar, 2Govind Pandiya
Bhopal Institute of Technology & Sciences, Bhopal, M.P.
Abstract:- Force personal satisfaction which includes force component and the present wave manifestation basically influenced Toward those energy electronic loads which are associated with those grid. In this worth of effort sensitive force recompense principle may be connected of the inverter which encourages the energy of the grid starting with the sun based grid. Sun based cell meets expectations on the guideline for photograph voltaic effect, which need nonlinear voltage Furthermore current aspects. These characteristics are improved with the help of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller. MPPT controller helps to feed the inverter with maximum power from the solar grid. The Matlab/Simulink model for the photo voltaic cell are implemented, MPPT controller has been modeled for driving the boost converter. MATLAB/simulation results are verified .And showed the comparative analysis between MPPT PV system with Wind energy source with FACTS device.
1. INTRODUCTION
Sun oriented phones proselytes sun oriented vitality under electrical energy, these photovoltaic units need aid basically electronic gadgets. Photograph voltaic units don't need those ability for stockpiling capability, Anyhow this stockpiling might make given utilizing batteries. These photovoltaic (PV) units changes over practically abundant Furthermore uninhibitedly accessible sun oriented vitality under electrical vitality without making At whatever hurt of the environment, the place Likewise on account of warm plants produces hurtful gasses under those environment.
PV cells produce electricity without having any mechanical rotating part, thereby the losses with this type of generation are very less. The voltage generated by this solar cells is analogous to that of battery. The voltage and current ratings of the solar cell can be increased by connecting positive and negative leads of cell in series and parallel combination.
PV panel is a combination of PV cells in series and parallel connection, the PV module is a combination of some PV panels. Commercial and industrial solar power system installation string voltages may vary from 300-1000 V and currents of the range 5-10 A.
reenactment cell demonstrating utilizing single diode model representation, those outcomes need aid checked utilizing MATLAB/Simulink. Xuosongzhouet.
Al[12]has provided for the point by point majority of the data in regards to those execution from claiming most extreme energy perspective following technique compared the comes about. Hamadet. Al [1] need provided for the point by point majority of the data viewing the association about sun based cell of the grid Also on enhance the energy figure utilizing fluffy rationale controller.
Kelesidas.Ket. al[4] discussed about the p-q based reactive power compensation theory. Which is required for the linear and nonlinear type of loads.
This theory gives the detailed information about the compensation of reactive power requirement at the load side, this theory can give the detailed information regarding the compensation of harmonic component of current. The simulation of the solar using simscape model is guided from N.C. sahoo et.al [13], gives the brief description of how to model the solar cell using MATLAB/Simulink using simscape.
The maximum power point application to the solar cell using MATLAB/Simulink is guided effectively K.Prabha et. al [8],gives the brief modelling reference for
Vol.04, Issue 05, May 2019, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE The Maximum power point
tracking using perturb and observe method is simulated by taking reference B.Subuddiet. al[2],[14] gives the brief description of different types of mppt techniques, and the implementation of maximum power tracking using MATLAB/Simulink method. And he boost converter operation and the control using maximum power point technique is effectively taken using Y. Zhihao et. al [15], gives the brief description about the boost converter operation and its application to raise the voltage level, from existing voltage. The inverter operation and its connection to the grid is given using hamadet. al[1]. This is about the literature survey regarding the power quality improvement of single phase grid connected grid connected photo voltaic system.
3. INTRODUCTION TO PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY
Renewable vitality wellsprings perform An noteworthy part Previously, electric force era. There need aid Different renewable wellsprings which utilized for electric force generation, for example, wind energy, PV energy, geothermal and so forth. PV vitality is a great decision for electric force generation, since those PV vitality will be straightforwardly changed over under electrical vitality Toward photovoltaic modules. These modules are produced dependent upon about semiconductor phones. At a significant number such phones would joined in arrangement parallel combinations we get An sun oriented PV module.
The current rating of the modules increases when the area of the individual cells is increased, and vice versa. The increase of world energy request and the environmental concerns lead to an increase of the renewable energy production over the last decade. Energy sources such as solar, wind or hydro became more and more popular mainly because they produce no emissions and
are limitless. PV energy is the fastest growing renewable source with a history dating since it has been first used as power supply for space satellites.
3.1 Renewable Energy
Every year, s were as for persons on universe will build and the assets obliged will backing them will also increment. Of the resources, a standout amongst the the vast majority dynamic on help the innovative propelling number is vitality.
Those vitality emergency turned into transparent in the late 1900‟s and birthed those longing with find extra vitality assets to meet climbing vitality requests [5]. Person decision might have been with build era about right now utilized vitality wellsprings for example, such that nuclear, fossil fuel, and so forth throughout this way, observing and stock arrangement of all instrumentation may be enha. The opposite might have been to investigate new renewable vitality plan B.
A number different renewable vitality sources have seemed Similarly as attainable results Also every a standout amongst them need their certain negative qualities.
As a whole, renewable energy sources all share the fact that their fuel is primarily free and they produce minimal to no waste. These factors are the main motivation for countries to begin incorporating renewable into their energy collection. A predictable 19% of global energy consumption in 2013 was supplied by renewable energy [6]. One more analysis of where the world’s energy came from in 2013 is shown in Fig.3.1.
Only 19% of global energy coming from renewable may not seem to be a vast amount; however in 2013 nearly half of the new electric power capacity installed was from renewable alone. The percentage of energy from renewable has increased every year for the past several years, and is predicted to continue with this trend in the future.
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Fig.3.1: Renewable energy share of global electricity production, 2013 [6].
3.2 The Photovoltaic Resource
The PV energy is an extremely powerful energy; actually the earth’s surface receives enough energy from the sun in one hour to meet its energy requirements for one year [8]. PV technology was originally created to power some of the first satellites used in space in the 1950‟s [7]. When the technology was in its early form its uses were limited, to such
applications as space, due to economic practicality. However, in the last five years the PV market has experienced rapid growth. From 2010 to 2012 an additional 60 GW of new PV capacity was added globally, bringing the total world capacity to 100 GW [6]. Fig.3.2 shows the exponential increase, especially over the last five years of PV capacity.
Fig.3.2: Total World Capacity of PV (1995-2012) [6].
3.3 Principle of Photovoltaic Systems Photovoltaic systems employ semiconductor cells, usually several square centimeters in size.
Semiconductors have four electrons in the
semiconductor. When that happens the energy loosens the electrons which allow them to flow freely. The flows of these electrons are a current and when you put metal on the top and bottom of the
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Fig.3.3: Principle of Photovoltaic cells.
4. MPPT ALGORITHMS
4.1 Review of Maximum Power Point Tracking
An set from claiming photovoltaic phones known as those sun based board.
Photovoltaic phones need aid gadgets which recognize electromagnetic radiation Also produce a present or voltage, alternately both, upon absorption from claiming brilliant vitality. The yield force of PV arrays will be principally impacted Toward those irradiance (amount about sun based radiation) and temperature.
Additionally to a specific irradiance temperature, those yield force of those PV show may be capacity about its terminal voltage and there will be special case worth to those PV's terminal voltage In which the PV board may be used effectively. The system from claiming seeking to this voltage is called greatest force perspective following MPPT.
Recently, several algorithms have been developed to achieve MPPT technique such as; Perturb and Observe (P&O), incremental conductance, open circuit voltage, short circuit current, fuzzy or neural based etc,. However, the insulation levels and the cell temperature determine only the limits of the best obtainable matching. The array voltage determines the real matching. This mismatch can be improved by the use of a MPPT controller to locate the local maximum power point in the p-v
shows the P-V characteristics of a practical PV array showing MPP.
5. BOOST CONVERTER AND INVERTER This single section bargains with the operation of support converter and the operation from claiming inverter. The support converter makes the yield voltage of the converter with a chance to be more terrific over that for information which will be required for those operation about inverter. The support converter employments those greatest force purpose algorithm to getting activating indicator.
Those inverter proselytes the accessible dc enter force under ac energy In its yield.
This single section clarifies the operation about support converter and the inverter done its on and off modes. The hypothetical diagrams for the operation would Additionally provided for In those limit to those dissection reason for existing.
5.1 Operation of the Boost Converter The electrical circuit of the boost converter is shown in the figure. The dc supply is connected to the inductor (Ls).
When the power electronic switch is fired using the gating signal then the source is short circuited through the inductor. The stores the energy during the turn on process of the converter. In this turn on time capacitor at the load side feeds the load. When the power electronic switch is
Vol.04, Issue 05, May 2019, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE turn off then the load is connected
through the source and the inductor.
The load is feed through the source and the inductor, makes the load voltage greater than the source voltage.
The output voltage is in phase with the input voltage. The output voltage completely depends upon the duty ratio of the converter. If the duty ratio increases then the output voltage increases, if the duty ratio decreases then the output voltage increases. When the power electronic switch is turned on then the current in the inductor increases. The slope with which the inductor current increases is given by
In this situation the capacitor voltage is equal to the load voltage. The capacitor supplies the load current. The capacitor voltage is always greater the supply voltage. When the switch is opened the inductor current decreases. The voltage across the inductor is equal to (Vl-Vs).
5.2 Boost Converter Circuit
The boost converter circuit is shown in the figure, consists of dc source for supplying the power to the converter, inductor for storing energy in the form of magnetic field, Power electronic converter for the purpose of switching operation, unidirectional diode for separating source and load circuit, Capacitor for the purpose of continuous current operation, and load.
Fig.5.1. Boost converter circuit.
5.3 Boost Converter During ON Time During the on time inductor is connected in parallel to the source. The voltage of the supply is equal to the voltage of the inductor. So as to maintain the voltage as constant the current will be steeply increasing in nature with slope of (Vs/Ls).
The capacitor connected across the load.
So as to maintain the load current as constant the capacitor supplies the load current required for the continuous operation. The equavalant circuit of the boost converter during the on state is given in the fallowing figure.
Fig.5.2. Equivalent circuit of boost converter during on time
Vol.04, Issue 05, May 2019, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE having current of decreasing slope equal
to(Vc-Vs)/Ls. The current reaches the minimum value in this operation from its
maximum value.
Fig.5.3. Equivalent circuit during off time 5.5 Characteristics of Boost Converter
Those switch current builds from base esteem for i min, Also it achieves will greatest esteem for greatest quality of i max, In this way Likewise on administer the voltage In consistent esteem for Vs.
The switch current stays zero Throughout the off the long haul of the switch. And the switch current once more expands At whatever point the current in the switch turned on. The diode current is zero Throughout those on time of the control electronic switch. Those voltage crosswise over those diode may be negative because of the load voltage us more excellent over the hotspot voltage, those present stays zero.
6. REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION THEORY
This chapter explains the operation of reactive power compensation theory. The harmonics present at the load side are mainly due to nonlinear loads present at the output side. The nonlinear loads involves the converters and inverters at the output side of the grid connected system. The reactive power compensation theory is one of the methods for the elimination of harmonics present at the output side of the grid. By controlling the triggering of the inverter switches for making the current to be in phase with the voltage.
6.1 Reactive Power Compensating (RPC) Scheme
Those load draws present of non- sinusoidal to nature. The current wave
yield changed over under ac control and supply it of the grid. Furthermore to this property the symphonious present introduced in the load might make controlled utilizing fitting regulating of the inverter present. In those symphonious current exhibited in the load is adjusted by those sun based cell present that point those sounds will a chance to be liberated starting with those circlet. Those genuine thing that is occurring here may be those payment of the sensitive control taken Toward those load, for that of the sensitive control created those sun powered cell.
7. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK This report card provides for the Recreation of photovoltaic cell for Different techniques in immediate simulation; mat lab device around box, diode proportional model and the effects need aid compared for these techniques.
And the yield voltage current, yield force versus voltage are watched at diverse irradiance temperature states. Those greatest energy variety for those parameters need aid watched. The MPPT strategies to photovoltaic phones are created and the yield aspects need aid watched In separate watched. Those support converter applying the most extreme control perspective system will be clarified.
The operation of boost converter at different operating conditions like turn-on and turn off conditions are observed. The input and output voltages applied for the boost converter are shown and its
Vol.04, Issue 05, May 2019, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE point tracking controller makes the
converter to obtain the maximum power from solar cell. The operation of the inverter is explained with its different operating modes are the graphs for current-voltage and power to voltage are observed under different methods. The grid current and the voltage are observed with and without p-q reactive power compensation theory.
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