Vol.03, Issue 04, April 2018, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE
“COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TEACHING APTITUDE AND SELF-ESTEEM OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION STUDENTS AND GENERAL EDUCATION STUDENTS OF SANT BABA BHAG
SINGH UNIVERSITY, JALANDHAR”
1SAJAD RASHID
1Research Scholar
Sant Baba Bhag Singh University Khiala Jalandhar
786mudasir123@gmail.com
1Dr. PRITAM SINGH
2 Professor AndHead Of Physical Education Department Sant Baba Bhag Singh University
Khiala Jalandhar singhpritansnc@gmail.com
Abstract:-The study was delimited to 60 male and female Physical Education subjects, to find out the Teaching Aptitude and Self-Esteem of Physical Education Students and General Education Students of Sant Baba Bhag Singh university, Jalandhar.For the collection of data the researcher administered the two standard questionnaires of R.P.
Shrivastava and Geetatiwari for teaching aptitude and Dr. Morris Rosenberg for the self- esteem.Variable were distributed among the subjects and data was collected separately on the basis of responses given by the subjects. The data was analysed by various statistical techniques viz. Mean, S.D, „t‟- test.
Keywords:-Teaching aptitude, self- esteem, physical education students and general education students.
INTRODUCTION
Physical Education, as a part of human education has always existed in the human society in one form or the other.
Since time immemorial, even before the down of civilization and culture, physical exercise has been every important aspect of human existence. In the primitive societies the necessity for survival i.e.
protection from hostile environment and beasts, motivated man to keep himself more physically fit and strong enough in comparison to stronger forces of nature.
The word physical refers to the body. It is often use in regard to various bodily characteristics such as physical strength, physical development, physical health and physical appearance. It refers to the body as contrast to the mind.
Therefore when the word
„education‟ is added to the word physical it becomes physical education. It refers to the process of education that concerns with activities that develop and maintain human body. Physical education an integral part of the total educational process is a field of endeavour that has its aim, the improvement of human performance through the media of physical activities that have been selected with a view to releasing this outcome.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A summary of the writings of recognized authorities of previous research provides evidence that the researcher is familiar with what is already known and what is still unknown and untested. Because effective research is based on past knowledge, this step helps to eliminate the duplication of what has been done and provides useful hypothesis and helpful suggestions for significant investigation.
Only those studies should be included in the review of related literature that is plainly relevant, competently executed and clearly reported. Regardless of the required length of the review, there are some basic considerations for writing a literature review. First, an outline of the literature review to be written is often very helpful, especially for longer reviews. This outline is determined by the topic and how the research relates to it and to other related issues.
Pullman conducted the study on“The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: Its Dimensionality, Stability and Personality Correlates in Estonian. “The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) was adapted to the Estonian language. By all relevant psychometric properties the developed
Vol.03, Issue 04, April 2018, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE Estonian version of the Rosenberg Self-
Esteem Scale (ERSES) was identical to the original construct measuring a person's overall evaluation of his or her worthiness as a human being. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that global self-esteem can be best represented as a single dimension.
Corwynconducted the study on
“The Factor Structure of Global Self- Esteem among Adolescents and Adults.”
The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure of the Rosenberg Self- Esteem Scale (RSES; Rosenberg, 1965).
Despite its frequent use, the factor structure of the RSES remains unclear.
Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the CFA approach to analysing multi trait–multi method data were used to evaluate eight competing models of the factor structure of the RSES.
The models were evaluated within three diverse samples and two follow-up surveys. The results of this study indicate that the RSES is a one-dimensional construct that is contaminated by a method effect primarily associated with negatively worked items. These results were found in both adolescents and adults. Moreover, the results found support for the hypothesis that the method effects diminish with increased verbal ability. The theoretical and methodological implications of these findings are discussed.
Watsonconducted the study on
“Global Self-Esteem In Relation To Structural Models of Personality and Affectivity.” Three studies examined global self-esteem in relation to structural models of personality and affectivity. In every study, self-esteem was strongly negatively correlated with Neuroticism/Negative Affectivity and moderately to strongly related to Extraversion/Positive Affectivity.
Additional findings, however, revealed that self-esteem is better viewed at the lower order level.
For instance, global self-esteem correlated -.79 with the Depression facet of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (P. T. Costa, Jr., & R. R. McCrae, 1992) in Study 3. Moreover, confirmatory factor analyses produced very strong correlations between self-esteem and depression in both Study 2 (r = -.82) and Study 3 (r = -.86). Taken together, the
data suggest that global self-esteem measures define one end of a bipolar continuum, with trait indicators of depression defining the other.
Flynnconducted the study on “Self Esteem Theory and Measurement-A Critical Review.” Recently in North America, the self-esteem of children of immigrants and of adolescents from other cultures has been measured and compared with American-born adolescents using a scale developed over three decades ago in the United States.
This study seeks to critically examine the theoretical assumptions behind this measure of self-esteem and the scale commonly used to measure the concept of self-esteem in order to discern whether they can apply adequately to adolescents of both genders and to adolescents from diverse cultural backgrounds.
Tabassumconducted the study on
“Comparison of Professional Self Esteem of Public and Private Teachers.” The importance of the professional self-esteem is undeniable and the professionals of almost all fields ought to nurture the sense of professional self-esteem in order to develop their professionalism. It definitely enables them to realize their potentials, appraise their personal worth and mould themselves consequently so that they may suitably bring their faculties in to practice and serve in their best. The teachers are considered to be the most ardent agents of a society due to their constructive role. It is, therefore, essential for the teachers to continuously analyse their professional abilities in order to gain perfection in their teaching skills.
Mora conducted the study on
“One in Three Teachers Attempts to Identify Low Self-Esteem Children.” The maintenance of healthy self-esteem remains a central concern in pastoral care. It is almost taken for granted that we can identify low self-esteem in children based on the knowledge built up through day-to-day interactions. But self-esteem is essentially a personal perception, and one may ask, to what extent can other make reliable judgments about such a phenomenon?
This study looked at the match between teachers' judgments‟ of their pupils' self-esteem and the children's own
Vol.03, Issue 04, April 2018, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE self-reports. The teachers concerned were
committed to self-esteem enhancement as an important goal of their teaching, but the findings indicate that when trying to identify low self-esteem children in their classes, they were frequently unsuccessful.
METHODOLOGY
As every research demands a systematic method and procedure likewise this chapter adopts the following procedures including information regarding research design source of data, selection of subject‟s, sampling method, criterion Measures and collection of data. A research become successful accompanied and supported by some reliable and authentic data. The statistical analysis of the gathered data provides a well-knit picture of a complete and successful hypothesis as pre-selected by the researcher.
The chapter has been divided into the following headings:
a) Source of data.
b) Selection of Subjects.
c) Sampling Methods.
d) Criterion Measures.
e) Collection of Data.
SOURCE OF DATA
The data regarding the comparison of teaching aptitude and self-esteem of Physical Education and General Education Students was collected from Sant Baba Bhag Singh University, Jalandhar. The subjects were selected by the researcher from the two department‟s i.e. Physical Education and General Education of Sant Baba Bhag Singh University, Jalandhar. All of these selected subjects act as the source for the collection of data.
SELECTION OF SUBJECTS
Thirty (30) male as well as female subjects were selected from Physical Education department students of Sant Baba Bhag Singh University, Jalandhar and 30 male as well as female subjects were taken from General Education department students of Sant Baba Bhag Singh University, Jalandhar.
SAMPLING METHOD
The subjects were selected through simple random sampling method.
CRITERION MEASURES
Following are the criterion measures which were responsible for testing of hypothesis.
TEACHING APTITUDE
Standard questionnaire meant for teaching aptitude By R.P. Shrivastava and Geetatiwari were used for the collection of data.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The statistical analysis and interpretation was done on the basis of data collection.
The data was analysed by using independent‟s‟ test and interpretations was drawn.In this chapter the data collected from Physical Education and General EducationStudents of Sant Baba Bhag Singh University, Jalandhar is presented in tables, graphs, figures and discussion and findings are also presented in this chapter.
LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE
To test the hypothesis the level of significance was set at 0.05 level of confidence which was considered adequate and reliable for the purpose of this study.
FINDINGS
The data is collected from Sixty (60) subject‟s i.e. Thirty (30) subjects from General Educationdepartment and Thirty (30) subjects from Physical Education department and after that the collected data was analysed by comparing the means of General Educationand Physical Education students and was again statistically analysed by applying t-test to check the significant difference among selected variables. Therefore separate tables and graphs have been presented for each variable.
Each table gives the mean of General Educationand Physical Education students. Also the researcher found the standard deviation of General Educationand Physical Education students and also their mean difference is been given in the table. The level of significance for the present study is kept at 0.05 and also the degree of freedom is also being kept in mind for the calculation of tabulated‟ which is then compared with the calculated „t‟. This is used for testing
Vol.03, Issue 04, April 2018, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE of hypothesis which was given by the
researcher previously.
If the value of the calculated‟ is more than the tabulated „t‟ then the hypothesis of the researcher will be accepted and if the value of the calculated
„t‟ is less than that of tabulated „t‟ then the hypothesis of the researcher will be rejected. Acceptance or rejection of hypothesis does not matter.The whole work of the researcher depends upon the collection of the data that is why the collection of data is called the foundation stone around which the whole research work revolves. So the researcher is asked to collect the data in a very precisely manner as to face less difficulties during the whole researcher work.
Comparison of Self Esteem of General Education and Physical EducationStudents of SBBSU, Jalandhar.
Group Mean S.
D. M.D.
S.
E D.
F. O.T. T.T.
Gener al educa tion
18 .4 8.
20
1 2.21
58 0.4 5 2.
Physi 00 cal educa tion
17 .4 8.
90
Level of Significance=0.05 Tabulated’ 0.05 (58) =2.00-
Table No. 2 reveals that there is difference between means of General Educationgroup and Physical Education group because mean of General Educationgroup =18.4 is greater than the mean of Physical Education group =17.4 and therefore mean difference is= 1 and standard error is 2.21,to check the significant difference between Physical Education and General Educationgroup data was again analysed by applying „t‟
test before applying „t‟ test standard deviation was calculated between General Educationwhere SD=8.20 and Physical Education group where SD=8.90 and there was no significant difference between General Educationand Physical Education groups because value of calculated „t‟=0.45 which is less than
tabulated „t‟=2.00 at 0.05 level of significance which shows that Physical Education students are having more intelligence than General Educationstudents. Hence the researchers pre assumed has been rejected.
GRAPH NO. 2
Showing the Mean difference of Self- esteem between General Education and Physical Education students of SBBSU, Jalandhar.
General education students
Physical education students
CONCLUSION
From the above study it is concluded that in teaching aptitude the General Education students have the high power to teach the students they are original, creative and curious than Physical Educationstudents because the physical education students pay high interest towards physical training as compared teaching, as far as teaching aptitude is concerned.It is also concluded that the General Education students are reliable and careful as compared to Physical Education students whereas the Physical Educationstudents are undependable and negligent towards teaching.As far as self- esteem is taken into consideration, the General Education students are sociable, self-respectable and favourable, while as Physical Educationstudents are despise, and disregard.
16.5 17 17.5 18 18.5
Self esteem between General Education and Physical
Education students 18.4
17
.4
Vol.03, Issue 04, April 2018, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE After the systematic collection,
analysis and interpretation of data, it is concluded that the General Education students have high teaching aptitude as compared to Physical Educationstudents, where as in comparison of Self-Esteem the Physical Educationstudents having also low.With the limitations of the study and from the statistical analysis of the collected data it is concluded that there was found insignificant difference in both variables Teaching Aptitude and self- esteem of General Education and Physical Education Students of Sant Baba Bhag Singh University, Jalandhar while applied
„t‟ test.
The researchers initially pre assumed that there will not be significant difference in the Teaching Aptitude and self-esteem of General Education and Physical Education Students ofSant Baba Bhag Singh University, Jalandhar. After the statistical analysis interpretation of data it was found that there is insignificant difference. Because for both cases the Calculated‟ is less than tabular‟
at the level of significance 0.05, so the pre assumed has been rejected.
REFERENCES
1. Bucher, C. A. Foundation of Physical Education, (Saint Louis: The C. V. Mosby Company), 1983.
2. Ahlawat, Neetu, Principles Of Psychology, (New Delhi: Vishvabharti Publications), 2009.
3. Ibid. pp.10 – 11.
4. Kast, Govind, and Karmaker, A. J.
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