This will require extensive training of potential entrepreneurs on various aspects of quality seed production, including awareness about the various provisions of the Seeds Act (1966) and its Amendments, the Seed Control Order (1983), the Govt. different. As a result of DAC's participatory farmer seed production program and seed village programme, the availability of quality seed has increased manifold. The land to be used for the seed production program must be free of volunteer plants (self-sown seeds).
A popular variety of rice
Field inspection: The foundation and production of certified seed is supervised and approved by the State Agency of Seed Certification. Rouging : Rouging is the removal of out-of-type plants and is a very important operation in seed production to maintain genetic purity.
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Karnal
The plot selected for seed production should be fertile, well drained and free of volunteer (self-seeded) plants. The crop should be harvested after maturity with good moisture content to minimize damage to the seed.
Offtype in Moong Offtype In Pigeon Pea
In case of moon, row to row distance should be maintained 20-25 cm in summer sowing and 30 cm in kharif sowing. Optimum sowing time of pigeon pea in north western plains of India is first two weeks of June. Summer crop First two weeks of March Kharif crop First two weeks of July Late Kharif crop Upto 20th August.
Application of 35-40 kg/acre DAP as basal rate at sowing time will be sufficient for both crops. During the kharif season, both moon and pigeon pea crops should be irrigated as required. The uprooted plants must be thrown out of the seedbed, otherwise they may be threshed together with the seed crop and may cause contamination.
Plants of other varieties, different type and color of flowers and pod, arrangement of pods, plant type and diseased plants are important species found in moong and pigeon pea. Special attention must be paid to the transport of the harvested crop from the field to the threshing floor and during threshing to avoid mixing.
Quality Seed Production of Rabi Pulses Rakesh Seth
Field inspections are carried out in the field on a standing crop and are intended to check for factors that may cause irreparable damage to the genetic purity or health of the seeds. Field inspections also verify that the seed produced is of a specific variety and is not genetically or physically contaminated beyond certain limits (Table 2). Field standards have two components (A) general requirements that relate to isolation and (B) specific requirements that indicate the maximum allowable types of shutdowns.
After the seed crop has been harvested, the seed lots are checked against prescribed seed standards, in order to ensure seed quality to the end user. The prescribed seed standards for lentils and field peas are given in table 3 and for genetic purity are given in table 4.
Seed Production Technique of Forage Sorghum Raj Kumar
400m for Breeder/Foundation and 200m for certified seed production ● (Before planting) - Atrazine 0.5kg/ha ● Interculture ● Control. Remove affected plant, endosulfan/carbaryl @ 4% 2-3 times at 10 days interval, 20 days after seedling emergence.
Seed Production Technique of Bajra Raj Kumar
Seed Production Technique of Mustard Raj Kumar
- Isolation
- Preparation of land
- Time of Sowing
- Seed Rate
- Seed Treatment
- Fertilizer
- Sowing
- Irrigation
- Weeding
- Frost
- Roguing
Maharastra for irrigated & early sown P.agrani & for timely sown-P.jaikisan. 4.Orissa, Bihar, Jharkhand, MadhyaPradesh, Chattisgarh, W.Bengal, Assam &. If the season is too long to allow two production cycles of the cross-compatible crops, they are also isolated by time. Roguing is therefore a technique used in seed production to maintain the genetic purity of the variety.
Rogues or off-types can appear in a crop due to one of the following reasons. Volunteer plants can arise from vegetative pieces or dormant seeds from the previous crop grown in the same field. At the time of harvest, the seed often contains a higher moisture content, which should be reduced to the optimum level before storage.
Air screen machines have at least two vibrating screens, the upper screen removes dirt larger than the seed while the lower screen separates any seeds or other dirt smaller than the optimum crop seed size. The seed crop must be isolated from other nearby fields of the same crops and other contaminating crops as required by the certification standards.
Agronomic Principles for Seed Production Neelam Kumar Chopra & Nisha Chopra
The agronomy of the crop will determine the potential yield and quality of the seed, which is further improved by processing. The agronomic principles such as agro-climatic requirements, sowing time and methods, planting spacing, fertilizer management, irrigation management, crop management and prevention of mechanical mixing influence the seed yield and quality of various crops. The plot selected for seed growing should be free from volunteer and weed plants, have good soil texture and fertility and be leveled.
The most effective and ideal method of sowing is by mechanical sowing, which deposits the seed in the desired quantity and at a uniform depth. Sowing in lines allows any volunteer plant of the previous variety to be removed, improving seed purity and quality. Providing honey bees in hives in close proximity to seed fields of crops that are extensively cross-pollinated by insects ensures good seed setting and thereby significantly increases seed yield.
Another application of nitrogen often leads to increased yield and seed quality without lodging. Crops should be irrigated at critical stages, lower moisture content affects yield and quality.
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Karnal Availability of good quality of seeds in sufficient amount at the right time
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, KarnalAvailability of good quality seeds in sufficient quantity at the right time. In the Kharif season, the seed bed should be raised 15 cm above the surface to prevent water stagnation. The appropriate management practice should be selected after disease diagnosis in consultation with agricultural scientists.
Diseased plants in the nursery should be uprooted and burned immediately after the appearance of disease symptoms. Do not take two crops of rice in the same field in one season for some extra profit, nor allow others to do the same. Biological disease control is an alternative form of crop protection in which beneficial micro-organisms are used to combat diseases.
It is important organic manure and organic fungicide that helps control many diseases of agricultural crops. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, KarnalIndia has limited cultivable land for the production of desired amount of food grains to meet us.
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Karnal India has limited arable land for producing desired quantity of food grains to meet our
Soil insect pests
Sucking insect pests
External feeders of foliage, flower & pods
Internal feeders or tissue borers
Termite White grub
Gundhi bug
Aphid
Gram pod borer
Preventive Weed Management
Weed management through agronomic practices
Weed Mangement in Seed Crops Nisha Chopra & Neelam Kumar Chopra
Chemical approach
In Punjab and Haryana, clodinafop (topic 15WP) is beneficial to farmers in controlling isoproturon-resistant P. minor biotypes. ØFenoxya prop-p-ethyl was also found to control spread-resistant P. minor biotypes, but showed its ineffectiveness on broadleaf weeds.
Some of the herbicide mixtures recommended for different crops
ØHerbicide rotation involves either- (i) changing the herbicide in the same crop or (ii) changing the crop in the same field so that another herbicide can be used. It prevents clogging of dosing hoppers on processing machines, enables more accurate processing, increases the capacity of cleaning machines and thus speeds up processing processes. The air cleaner and sorter removes MOS from the seed mass based on differences in thickness and aerodynamic behavior of good seed and MOS.
The size of the sculpting screen should be large enough to allow the entire seed component to pass through and remove coarse impurities, while the size of the grading screen should be smaller than the optimum thickness of the fine seed in order to so that it passes away from the good seed. and ride on all the good seeds. The oscillating motion of the gravity board causes the heavy seeds to move up onto the deck. The seed flows from the product tank and is picked up in the seed hopper mounted on the weighing scale.
Thorough cleaning of seed processing plants and storage facilities should be done religiously and regularly followed by disinfection with residual insecticide sprays at least four weeks in advance. It is noted that the seeds of legumes, cereals and vegetables, as well as old or new stocks, should be stored separately.
Safe Seed Storage – An essential component of successful seed enterprenuership
ØBefore sale or distribution the seed should be tested for fungal incidence and germination percentage. The seed should be avoided to get wet because such seeds containing moisture are more heavily infested with insect pests. ØAt harvest, check seeds if insect infestation is detected, seeds should be fumigated with aluminum phosphide @ 2–3 tablets/ton, as soon as possible.
ØCorrect cleaning of the seed storage should be carried out at 3 to 7 day intervals. Discarded seeds to be sown in the next crop season must be treated with malathion 6-8 ml or deltamethrin 4-5 ml in 500 ml water per quintal of seed. The seed will be free from insects and pests and its quality will be restored for a long time.
Holes and cracks in the storehouse must be filled with clay soil or cement.
Haryana State Seed Certification Agency
Costs for unsold seed if seed is not packed in good time before Sowing time for marketing) 1-Time letters for mother seed.
Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act
A variety is eligible for registration under the Act if it substantially meets the criteria for distinctiveness, uniformity and stability (DUS). A farmer may save, use, sow, resow, barter, share or sell his agricultural produce including seeds of a variety protected under the PPV&FR Act, 2001 in the same manner as he was entitled to before the commencement of this Act, provided the farmer is not entitled to sell branded seeds of a variety protected under the PPV&FR Act, 2001. There is also a provision for compensation to the farmers for failure to produce the variety under Section 39 (2) of the Act, 2001; and shall not be liable to pay any fees in any proceedings before the Authority or Registrar or Court or High Court under the Act.
The list of DUS test centers is available on the authority's official website. 305 certificates were issued, of which 10 were for new varieties, 292 for existing varieties registered under the Seeds Act 1966 and 3 for farm varieties. The National Register of Plant Varieties is maintained at the authority's headquarters, which contains the names of all registered plant varieties with the names and addresses of the breeders, the rights of these breeders to the registered varieties, information on the name of each registered variety, its seed or other propagating material together with a specification of their main characteristics and other matters that may be prescribed.
The authority has established a national gene bank to store seed material, including parent lines, submitted by breeders of registered varieties. Any order or decision of the Registrar of Authority relating to the registration of a variety and any order or decision of the Registrar relating to registration as an agent or licensee may be appealed to the Court.
