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EVALUATION OF VORTEX TUBES UNDER DIFFERENT DIMENSIONS, MATERIALS AND WORKING FLUIDS
Kartik Upadhyay1, Krishnadutt pandey2, Arvind rawat3
1,2,3Department of Mechanical Engineering, LNCT, Indore (M.P) India
Abstract- Vortex tube refrigeration is one of the non-conventional type refrigerating systems for the production of refrigeration. It consists of a simple device, which splits the pressurized gas stream into two low pressure streams (cold and hot streams), called vortex tube. Present research work is devoted to research contributions of different researchers in the field of vortex tubes, portrays research gaps and concludes with objectives of proposed research.
1. INTRODUCTION
Vortex tube are known by different names, like Ranque vortex tube (on the name of inventor), and Hilsch vortex tube or Ranque-Hilsch, who enhanced the performance of these tubes after Ranque. Vortex tube is composed of nozzles’ inlet (a), a chamber for creating vortex (vortex chamber) (b), cold end orifice (c), hot tube (d), hot control valve containing hot plug (e), exit for removal of hot air (f), as shown in Figure 1.1.
Figure 1.1: A vortex tube (El-Soghiaret al., 2014)[1]
The nozzles may be of any type depending upon the specifications of tubes, like converging or diverging or converging-diverging type as per the design. Here the objective of nozzle is to offer higher velocity, greater mass flow and minimum inlet losses. Chamber contains nozzle and facilities the entry of high velocity air-stream into hot side, from tangential direction. In most of the cases, the chambers are not of circular form, and are gradually converted into spiral form.
Hot side is cylindrical in cross section and is of different lengths as per the requirement of design. Valve provides the obstacle to the flow of air via hot side and it also controls the quantity of hot air through vortex tube. Diaphragm represents a cylindrical piece having a small hole at the center. Air stream traveling through the core of the hot side gets emitted with the help of a diaphragm hole. Cold side is a cylindrical portion from which cold air passes. Figure 1.2 shows the flow of air during vortex tube.
Figure 1.2: Flow of air during vortex tube (El-Soghiaret al., 2014) [1]
In proposed research work, research contributions of different researchers in the field of vortex tubes are acknowledged and attempts are being made to investigate gaps in the existing research work and objectives of new research.
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2. LITERATURE REVIEWPresent section tells about research contributions of different researchers in the field of vortex tubes, as follows:
El-Soghiar et al. (2014) [1] in this work, the Ranque-Hilsch winding cylinder (RHVT) is adjusted and gives a remarkable winding chamber. Concentrate the execution of a winding vortex tentatively altered. The prescribed lengths for the whirl chamber are 10, 15 and 20 mm, and winding chamber measurement is 12, 16 and 20 mm. All section rooms of various lengths and distances across are tried tentatively under various passageway conditions. Qatar overwhelmed the winding room on execution along the diversion room.
The outcomes are then contrasted and a standard winding cylinder. The outcomes demonstrated that the vortex chamber lessens the effectiveness of the equivalent productivity to 15.9%. The aftereffects of the 15 mm long cell with a distance across of 20 mm demonstrate the best execution. [1]
Abdelghanyet al.(2018) [2] The Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube is a simple device with no moving parts and no mechanical operations. This tube separates the inlet air into two distinctive regions; an outward high temperature region and an inner low-temperature one.
A computational study of the vortex tube is presented in this article using the ANSYS Fluent software whose results showed good agreement with the experimental measurements. The effects of different geometrical parameters such as the tube length to diameter ratio and the cold orifice size on the coefficient of performance of the tube were investigated. The results showed that the coefficient of performance (COP) of the tube is highly affected by the tube length to diameter ratio (L/D), and this effect varies when operating at different cold mass fractions where the maximum coefficient of performance occur at cold mass fraction of 0.64. The results also showed that the coefficient of performance of the tube is also affected by the cold orifice to tube diameter ratio (dc/D) and that the maximum (COP) at any (dc/D) ratio occurs also at a cold mass fraction of 0.64. [2]
Moraveji & Toghraie (2017) [3] In this work, the results of the different inputs, the length of the tube and the diameter of the cold outlet are examined with respect to the velocities of the flow in the vortex tube. The results are mentioned, as well as the temperature of the cold outlet and the flow rates through the vortex tube. The influence of the length, of the entrance area, from one to five items and therefore the influence of the cold losses on the results is examined. In agreement with the results obtained, the researchers concluded that the flow rate of a cold exit increased with the diameter and that the extension of the vortex tube slightly and slightly increased the flows of the cold and hot sections accordingly.
Furthermore, the temperatures at each output decreased as the number of inputs increased, while the increments increased when the radius of the cold output increased and the temperature of the outgoing gas was therefore significantly higher than the hot and cold outputs. Cold if a greater number of smaller diameter sockets are used. As indicated, for L / D = 15 and when the radius of the cold outlet is increased, the mass flow increases from 0.8 to 0.7 then to 0.6, from 0.65 to 0.58 and therefore from .at 0.52 and from 0.42 to 0.32, then decreasing by 0.24 for n = 1, 3 and 5. [3] The point of this investigation is to dissect the partition advancement in a profoundly joined tornado rotator, which is impacted by auxiliary components.
Throttle edge (15-45), dimensionless valve distance across (0.444-0.722), fundamental pipe assembly edge (2-12), non-dimensional merged length (20-22.22), different openings Injection (2-6) and Injection weight (4.5-6 , 5 bar), likewise because of the numerical advancement of these parameters as for the CFD-3D method of partition execution exploitation (RSM). The main exploratory outcomes demonstrate that the division improves with an expansion in the width of the non-dimensional butterfly valve to DR = 0.611. Above DRth = 0.611, along these lines, the partition capacities are decreased.
Likewise, the twister outfitted with a throttle point of 30 offers a detachment productivity of over 43.76% and 50.60% contrasted with the base model.
What's more, there are the underlying ideal qualities (tests) for the assembly point and the unidimensional length of the principle pipe with the end goal that b = 10 and LN = 21.66. Moreover, the productivity of the division improves with the expansion in the quantity of spaces up to N = 4. The correlation between the determined outcomes and the lab results demonstrates a positive match with the relative most extreme and least varieties of 6.22% and 0, individually. 93%. In this investigation, the examinations affirm the fitting
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reaches for the elements; optimal ideal qualities are chosen physically from the CFD models. [3]
Rafiee & Sadeghiazad (2017) [4] Air separators or vortex tubes are widely used in rotor motors. Air traps provide a proper air flow (clean air) to the chopper motors. The vertebral tubes are usually classified according to the direction of the rivers out. The research focuses on certain results (both experimental and numerical) to improve and analyze separation performance / yield and fluid configurations in parallel vortex tubes (PVTs) of the common types of air separators captivating. In parallel vortex tubes, each outlet is based on a facet (position of the regulating valve).
During this analysis, the results of an exchange nozzle position (parallel injector), the throttle opening diameter (6.5 to 9.5 mm) and the length of the parallel main pipe (180 to 220 mm) have become the quality of the separation method in the Ranque-Hilsch system and beyond. The parallel air separator (PVT) is analyzed. The results show that the parallel length vortex tube with optimized length, injection angle, and orifice diameter offers superior thermal separation performance of 66.08% (14.83 K) and 58.61% (13.88 K) relative to the initial parallel vortex tube. [4]
Rafiee & Sadeghiazad (2017a) [5] Cooling is a process for removing heat from a substance under controlled conditions. Current cooling systems are not used exclusively for the production of ice cream or similar products, but together for the preservation of food, medicines, etc. The vortex tube, an extremely advanced system, could be an unconventional method to obtain the result of cooling. It is a simple device for simultaneously producing cold air and hot air using compressed gas as a refrigerant. Therefore, vortex cooling is an ecological system. He has no moving parts. In today's tube, the vortex work is unreal and is analyzed for its performance. [5]
Rao et al. (2017) [6] the spatial relationship between energy dissipation plates and vortex tubes is studied by direct digital simulation (DNS) of the channel flow. The spatial distance between these two structures is slightly greater than the radius of vorticity. A comparison of the central areas of the vortex tubes, and therefore of the dissipation plates, provides an average quantitative relationship of 0.16 for the average displacement force of 2.89 for the average dissipation rate. These results confirm that strongly derived plates and vortex tubes do not collapse in space in the channel flow. They seem rather like couples displaced with an average distance of about 10 degrees. [6]
Cao et al. (2017) [7] So as to show the vitality move instrument in the vortex tube, which speaks to a noteworthy development in the field of warmth and mass exchange, numerical reenactments and dynamic liquid stream examinations were utilized. Rather than the past static investigation, the principal objective of this work is the dynamic procedure or the wavering of the auxiliary course layer. In light of the consequences of the liquid stream got from the resolute three-dimensional count, the nearness of the constrained vortex or rank was affirmed, which made it conceivable to together assess the security of the opposite stream exposed to the harsh elements end of the vortex tube. This expanded the swaying of the focal distribution zone limit layer and gave the occasional signal of the liquid stream inside the auxiliary dissemination zone, shifting its cutoff and hence the average frequencies. Focuses on a cross-area these outcomes upheld a one of a kind vitality move instrument in the vortex tube, with the stipulation that steady limit layer wavering is the predominant component in the warmth and mass exchange process. [7]
Li et al. (2015) [8] the vortex tube is a cold device that generates cold air and hot air at opposite ends. The vortex tube consists of a metal or fiber tube with a nozzle for the admission of the compressed gas and a membrane or an opening for the dominant flow. As soon as the compressed air passes through a nozzle in the membrane of the vortex tube, the air forms a spiral vortex that makes the air heat up. As soon as this air returns, it cools quickly and creates a cooling effect. Most of the vortex tube study is the study of the temperature distribution of rotating air. This effect was first discovered by Ranque and later by Hilsch. This effect is therefore called the impact of Ranque-Hilsch. [8]
Karthik (2015) [9] the use of hot air at one end of the pressure gas and the use of cold air at the other end of the equivalent pipe creates a very interesting pulse valve cooling system. After the calibration design and production, the existing vortex tube was tested with compressed gas from the alternative compressor ADF specifications = 13.660 m3 / h.
Power factors (p.p.) and adiabatic activity (ηadia) reached 0.1075 and 10.75%. In addition, the temperature of the refrigerator and the hot air is -6 ° C and 630 ° C. [9]
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Kumar (2015) [10] an experimental study is performed in the Ranque-Hilsch rotary tube (RHVT). Influence parameters are studied such as the L / D ratio, the cold mass fraction, the inlet pressure, etc. Furthermore, three completely different work environments are tested (air, nitrogen and carbon dioxide). A private installation has been developed for checking the vortex tubes. A fraction of cold mass is determined at which the vortex tube works optimally at a given pressure and L / D ratio. It appears that the vortex tube works best with carbon dioxide as a working fluid. [10]
Agrawal et al. (2014) [11] the development of temperature distribution in closed gas streams is called the Ranque-Hilsch impact. The countercurrent vortex tube consists of an elongated hollow cylinder with an injection nozzle on one side for the injection of compressed air. The vortex tube flow can be described as rotating air moving in a highly elastic vortex. The peripheral flow moves to the hot end each time a hot plug is placed at the bottom, and as a result, the stream that is forced out of the bump moves in the opposite direction to the cold end. [11]
Sankar Ram & Anish Raj (2013) [12] In this numerical study, the performance of the Ranque-Hilsch vortex tubes, with length / diameter ratios (L / D) of 8, 9.3, 10.5, 20.2, 30.7 and 35 to six straight nozzles, on the idea of accessible experimental results research. In addition, this study was conducted to understand the physical behavior of the fluid field in the vertebral tube. CFD analysis is used to obtain the separation at the highest temperature and an optimal quantitative relationship between length and diameter (L / D) of Ranque- Hilsch vortex tubes.
The development of temperature separation in the vortex tube was performed by a compressible turbulent 3D CFD model. It was also found that the most effective performance was achieved once the ratio of the length of the vortex tube to diameter was 9.3. Moreover, it has been found that increasing the cold mass fraction reduces the cold temperature difference and its efficiency. Finally, the results are calculated as changes in speed and temperature given in more detail and discussed. Given the results of this document, they showed a reasonable agreement with the experimental results. [12]
Eiamsaard & Promvonge (2008) [13] The vortex tube (also called the Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube) can be a mechanical device that functions as a cooling car without any moving parts, dividing a compressed gas leak into a low and high overall temperature range. Such a split of current in the low and high temperature zones is mentioned because it results in temperature split (or energy). The turbid tube was first discovered by Ranka, a technologist and physicist who got a French patent on the device in 1932 and an U.S. patent in 1934.
The scientific and technical community first reacts to its invention of mistrust and apathy.
Because the vertebral tube was extremely ineffective from the thermodynamic point of view, it was abandoned for many years. Hilsch, a German engineer, has revived interest in the device. He showed his theoretical and experimental studies aimed at increasing the efficiency of the whirlpool tube. He regularly reviewed the impact of the input pressure as well as the geometric settings of the whirlpool in his performance and provided a possible explanation of the power sharing method. After the Second World War, Hilsch's tubes and documents were discovered, which were thoroughly studied. [13]
3. GAPS IN THE RESEARCH AND OBJECTIVES OF PROPOSED RESEARCH Present section tells about gaps in the research and objectives of proposed research.
3.1 Gaps in the Research
Following points represent gaps in the research:-
a. A limited research is available which focuses on the analyses of vortex tubes under different geometrical conditions, materials as well as working fluids, simultaneously;
and
b. There is almost nil available which focuses on ranking of vortex tubes of above combinations.
3.2 Objectives of the Proposed Research
Following points research objectives of proposed research work:-
a. Comparison of vortex tubes of different combinations of geometrical conditions, materials and working fluids; and
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b. Investigations on the most suitable dimensions, materials and working fluid for vortex tubes.
4. CONCLUSION
Research contributions tell that there is a utmost need of advancements in vortex tubes.
Hence, considering research contributions in the field, gaps in the research and objectives of a new research, a research for the purpose of performance enhancement may be initiated.
REFERENCES
1. Agrawal, N., Naik, S. S., & Gawale, Y. P. (2014). Experimental investigation of vortex tube using natural substances. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 52, 51-55.
2. Abdelghany, S. T., & Kandil, H. A. (2018). Effect of Geometrical Parameters on the Coefficient of Performance of the Ranque-Hilsch Vortex Tube. Open Access Library Journal, Volume 5, Number 2, pp. 1 - 20.
3. Cao, L. K., Li, D. X., Chen, H., & Liu, C. J. (2017). Spatial relationship between energy dissipation and vortex tubes in channel flow. Journal of Hydrodynamics, Ser. B, 29(4), 575-585.
4. Eiamsaard, S., & Promvonge, P. (2008). Review of Ranque–Hilsch effects in vortex tubes. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 12(7), 1822-1842.
5. El-Soghiar, M. S., El-Dosoky, M. F., Abdel-Rahman, A. K., Mohamed, H. A., & Morsy, M. G. (2014).
Performance study of a modified ranque-hilsch vortex tube. Journal of Engineering Sciences, 42(6), 1414- 1429.
6. K Srinivasa Rao, B Praveen, P Gopi Chand, K Shravan Kumar & K Anudeep Reddy (2017). Performance Analysis of Vortex Tube Refrigerator. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 7 (4), 187-190.
7. Karthik, S. (2015). An Experimental Setup of Vortex Tube Refrigeration System. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN, 2278-0181.
8. Kumar Ashok (2016). Experimental Investigation and Performance of Vortex Tube Refrigeration.
International Journal of Science and Research, 5 (12), 780 – 784.
9. Li, N., Zeng, Z. Y., Wang, Z., Han, X. H., & Chen, G. M. (2015). Experimental study of the energy separation in a vortex tube. International Journal of Refrigeration, 55, 93-101.
10. Moraveji, A., & Toghraie, D. (2017). Computational fluid dynamics simulation of heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in a vortex tube by considering the various parameters. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 113, 432-443.
11. Rafiee, S. E., & Sadeghiazad, M. M. (2017). Efficiency evaluation of vortex tube cyclone separator. Applied Thermal Engineering, 114, 300-327.
12. Rafiee, S. E., & Sadeghiazad, M. M. (2017). Experimental and 3D CFD analysis on optimization of geometrical parameters of parallel vortex tube cyclone separator. Aerospace Science and Technology, 63, 110-122.
13. Sankar Ram, T., & Anish Raj, K. (2013). An Experimental Performance Study of Vortex Tube Refrigeration System. International Journal of Engineering Development and Research, 74-78.
