Introduction to a New Source of Fuel (PESTROL)

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International Journal on Theoretical and Applied Research in Mechanical Engineering (IJTARME)

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ISSN (Print): 2319-3182, Volume -4, Issue-2, 2015 22

Introduction to a New Source of Fuel (PESTROL)

1Sachin Chavan, ²Amit R. Wasnik, ³Sagar V. Wankhede, ⁴Sachin P. Dhavane, ⁵Chetan Kamthane Email: ¹[email protected], ⁴[email protected], ⁵[email protected]

Abstract— The objective of the work is the conversion of waste plastics into fuel oil. Plastic wastes such as, polypropylene, low density polyet hylene, high density polyethylene, polystyrene are the most frequently used in everyday activities and disposed of to the environment after service. Plastic are those substances which can take long periods of time to decompose if disposed off simply to the environment. Therefore, waste plastic should be changed into usable resources. The different waste plastics were thermally cracked at different temperature and then it was tried to measure the oil produced, the residue left after the reaction is completed, and the gas produced. Then it is compared that which types of plastics can yield higher amount of oil. There are a number of methods by which plastic wastes can be managed such as incineration, recycling, land filling, and thermal cracking. But this work focuses on thermal cracking of waste plastic to change them into usable resources, because in this method the emission of hazardous gases to the environment insignificant. This means we can change all the waste in to useful resources.

Index Terms— Cracking; Contaminate; Metal; Plastic;

Wood.

I. INTRODUCTION

Energy crisis and environmental degradation by polymer wastes have been imperative to find and propose technologies for recovery of raw materials and energy from non-conventional sources like organic wastes, plastic wastes, scrap tires, etc.

The melting and cracking processes were carried out at the temperature 300–420℃. The final product consisted of gaseous product 6% and liquid product 85% stream.

Few amounts of residue products were produced that 6%.

The light, „„gasoline” fraction of the liquid hydrocarbons mixture is made the liquid product. It may by used for fuel production or electricity generation. Since the continuous increase in polymer production and consumption leads to accumulation of large amounts of plastic wastes that pose serious environmental problems.

The conversion of these wastes into a common fuel oil can be considered as their most promising recycling method. Some polymer materials e.g., polystyrene (PS), can be decomposed thermally in high yields to the monomers. However, this is not true for polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), which is among the most abundant polymeric waste materials, typically making up 60–70% of municipal solid waste.

II. EXPERIMENTAL SET UP AND PROCEDURE

The experimental setup used in this work consists of a batch reactor made of stainless steel The SS tube is heated externally by an electric furnace, with the temperature measured by thermocouple fixed inside the reactor and the temperature is controlled by external controller. 20g of waste polypropylene samples (disposable glass flakes) were loaded in each pyrolysis reaction.

In the catalytic pyrolysis, a mixture of catalyst and the plastics in different catalyst to plastics proportion The condensable liquid products were collected through the condenser and weighed. After pyrolysis, the solid residue left out inside the reactor was weighed.

Then the weight of gaseous product was calculated from the material balance. Reactions were carried out at different temperatures ranging from 400-550°C. The reaction time was calculated from the start of reaction (when the feed was taken in the reactor and temperature raised from the room temperature) till the completion of reaction (the time when no more oil comes through outlet tube).

The kaolin after usefor 5th run degradation was regenerated by calcinating it inside a muffle furnace at 750°C for one hour. The catalytic activity of regenerated catalyst was found to be almost same as that of the fresh kaolin. When the used catalysts were regenerated at high temperature, the deposited carbon burnt off and surface of catalyst become free of all depositions.

From the distillation report of the oil, it was observed that the boiling point range of the oil is 68-346°C using kaolin, which inferedthe presence of mixture of different oil components such as gasoline, kerosene and diesel in the oil.

Again, 30% oil recovery occuredat 160°C, which was the boiling range of gasoline, while the rest must be in the range of kerosene and diesel. All the other fuel properties of the oil obtained using the catalyst was almost similar and comparable to that of petro fuels. Based onthis result, it can be concluded that the oil produced in the catalytic pyrolysis can be used as a substitute of petro fuels in engine.

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International Journal on Theoretical and Applied Research in Mechanical Engineering (IJTARME)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

ISSN (Print): 2319-3182, Volume -4, Issue-2, 2015 23

III. METHODOLOGY

Heat the pressure vessel reaction chamber to about 250 degrees Celsius until the heat completely melts the plastic. The steam that rises will increase the chamber pressure to about 600 psi (boiling point).

Release the pressure quickly after the materials are completely melted. The quick release of the pressure will cause the water to boil off and leave a mix of basic hydrocarbons and solid minerals. The gas in the chamber will boil out off the top of the chamber into a container holding water. The water will cool and turn the gas into oil.

Remove the solid minerals and heat the remaining hydrocarbons to 500 degrees Celsius to further break them down. Continuing to break down the components into parts according to their specific boiling point will cause some fractions of the compound to evaporate. The remaining compounds with the lowest boiling point will rise and exit at the top of the chamber, and those compounds requiring higher boiling points will exit the bottom on the chamber.

Fig: Plant Setup

IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT

1. Muffle furnace made up of fire clay and grit

2. The temp. 400 to 500 C in reactor 3. It is estimated the batch reactor convert 1kg waste

plastic into 700g fuel.

4. 1 tonne of plastic into 775 liter fuel.

5. Inner Diameter of reactor is 20 cm 6. Diameter of Muffle furnace 37.5 cm 7. Outer Height of Muffle Furnace 75 cm 8. Inner Height of Muffle Furnace 60 cm 9. Total No. of coil is 5 in reactor.

10. Each coil is 2 kw

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We owe a great debt to a number of people who generously gave me much of their precious time,

knowledge and wisdom, and added whole dimensions to this paper.

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