NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE
(NAAC Accredited ‘B’ Grade Govt.-Aided College)
NARAJOLE: PASCHIM MEDINIPUR: PIN-721211
Ph.: 9475429270 e-mail: [email protected]
BOTANY DEPARTMENT SEMESTER VI (Honours)
PAPER DSE 3T (Industrial and environmental Microbiology)
(Unit: 1, 2 and 3) Teacher Name: Dr. Prithwi Ghosh A. Each question carries two marks. (2×14)
1. What are bioreactors?
2. What is lyophilization?
3. What is pilot scale fermenter?
4. What do you understand by downstream processing in microbial biotechnology?
5. Name two industrial use of citric acid.
6. Name the microorganism used for industrial production of penicillin and ethanol.
7. Give example of solid-state fermentation [name the product and the microorganism used].
8. Name the substrate used for ethanol production.
9. Name the bacterium which is used in curdling of milk.
10. Why batch culture is a closed system?
11. Arrange in correct sequence during the industrial production of substances. Fermentation, screening, inoculation, removal of waste, downstream processing.
12. A period during which the growth rate of cells gradually increases is known as _____
a) Lag phase b) Log phase c) Stationary phase d) Deceleration phase
13. In continuous culture, the turnover rate is high.
a) True b) False Explain why?
14. Define fermentation.
B. Each question carries four marks. (4×5)
1. What is solid state fermenter? Write down its advantages and limitations.
2. Draw a labelled diagram atypical bioreactor.
3. Difference between Batch and Continuous fermentation.
4. What is cell disruption? Write down the various methods of cell disruption [Name the methods only, don’t describe]
NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE
(NAAC Accredited ‘B’ Grade Govt.-Aided College)
NARAJOLE: PASCHIM MEDINIPUR: PIN-721211
Ph.: 9475429270 e-mail: [email protected] 5. What is fluidized bed bioreactor? How it differs from packed bed bioreactor?
C. Each question carries six marks. (6×6)
1. Write shorts notes on:Spray drying; Solvent extraction; Precipitation.
2. Namethe microorganism used for commercial production of Citric acid. Describe the process of citric acid production.
3. What is airlift fermenter? Describe any two types of airlift fermenter with diagram. Write down the advantages of airlift fermenter.
4. What is submerged fermentation? Write down the difference with solid state fermentation.
5. Describe briefly the steps of ethanol production with a flow chart. Write down two commercial use of ethanol.
6. Explain cell removal by precipitation, filtration and centrifugation.
(Unit: 4, 5, 6 and 7) Teacher Name: Professor Arpita Chakraborty
1. Describe how the physical composition of soil influence the magnitude and diversity of the microbial flora.
2. How could one proceed to enumerate by cultural techniques, the various physiological groups of microorganisms present in soil?
3. Compare the microbial flora of soil in the region of rhizosphere to that in an area at a distance from the rhizosphere.
4. What is meant by the term mineralization? Give an example.
5. Distinguish between symbiotic and non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Name several genera of bacteria that are non-symbiotic nitrogen fixers.
6. What are the components of the bacterial nitrogen-fixing system?
7. How the process of nitrogen fixation be determined experimentally?
8. Describe the process by which Rhizobium sp.invade the root system of a leguminous plant?
9. How is recombinant DNA technology being explored to develop new means of nitrogen fixation?
10. Define the following terms as they refer to the sanitary quality of water: potable, polluted, contaminated, sanitary survey, wastewater.
11. Why Escherichia coli considered as indicator of pollution? What are coliforms?
12. Name several species of pathogenic organisms which may be present in polluted water.
13. Define the following terms: effluent, sludge, activated sludge, BOD, lagoon.
14. In terms of sewage treatment, what problem has accompanied the wide usage of detergents?
The increase in the use of home-garbage disposal units?
15. What is activated sludge? Compare the microbial activity in the activated sludge process with that which occurs in a septic tank.
NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE
(NAAC Accredited ‘B’ Grade Govt.-Aided College)
NARAJOLE: PASCHIM MEDINIPUR: PIN-721211
Ph.: 9475429270 e-mail: [email protected]
16. Where the septic tank used? Describe the microbiological activities that take place in a septic tank.
17. Name several species of Pathogenic organisms which are present in polluted water.
18. Outline the process of wastewater treatment which is followed in most large cities. Which steps in the process depend upon microbial activity for successful performance? Explain.
19. What is activated sludge? Compare the microbial activity in the activated sludge process with that which occurs in a septic tank.
20. What occurs when a lake become eutrophic?
21. Discuss some of the physical and chemical properties of the aquatic environment in terms of their effects upon microbial growth and survival.
22. What are plankton?phytoplankton?Zooplankton?Name some organisms that belongs to each category.
23. Describe several techniques that are particularly useful for enumeration and identification of microorganisms from aquatic sources.
24. What is the principle of starch hydrolysis test?
25. Which bacteria can hydrolyze starch?
26. What are the end products of starch hydrolysis?
27. Is E.coli positive for starch hydrolysis?
28. Write short notes on-
i)casein hydrolysis process by microorganism ii)starch hydrolysis process by microorganism iii)cellulose hydrolysis process by microorganism
29.What is bioremediation? Describe the different process of bioremediation of contaminated soil.
30.Describe the term immobilization.
31.State in brief the application of immobilization.
32.Write the different advantages of immobilization.
33.What is commensalism?
34.Why soil regarded as "biologic fire”?
35.What is the percentage of organic matter in soil?
36.What is Humus?
37.Name the animals that occur in fertile soil.
38.What is geosmin?
39.What is biomass?
40.What is recalcitrance?Give an example.
41.What elements are dependent on biogeochemical cycle?
42.At which depth in a garden soil does the maximum number of microorganisms per gram occur?
NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE
(NAAC Accredited ‘B’ Grade Govt.-Aided College)
NARAJOLE: PASCHIM MEDINIPUR: PIN-721211
Ph.: 9475429270 e-mail: [email protected] 43.Differenciate mutualism and commensalism?
44.What do you mean by microbial luminescence in deep sea?
45.What do you mean by littoral, limnetic, profundal zone?
46.What is BOD?
47.What is flocculation?
48.What is a trickling filter?
49.Give the steps of a typical sewage treatment process.
50.How do some bacteria detoxify heavy metals?
51.How is BOD measured?
