RESEARCH ANALYSIS FOR OPTIMISING EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR PV MODULE WITH INNOVATIVE APPROACHES
Bitu Kumar
Research Scholar, Department of Thermal Science and Engineering, RKDF College of Technology & Research, Bhopal (M.P.)
Neeraj Yadav
Department of Thermal Science and Engineering, RKDF College of Technology & Research, Bhopal (M.P.)
Abstract - Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning is a system of completing thermal comfort in some closed cosmos. This luxury level of heat is needed in every kind of workspace and offices. Nowadays, to attain this luxury level, even vehicle compartments are designed in such a way to improve the thermal comfort. In this work, new design of vehicle compartment is proposed to achieve thermal comfort and also different cases of designs are being compared to find the best among them. Four cases consist of different locations of window and inlet ducts. Modeling of compartment is done on CAD software CATIA V5 and CFD simulation is carried out on ANSYS 19 to analyze and observe temperature range and distribution in a compartment. Factors that affect the flow of heat in compartment are studied and designs are improved on the basis of that. Identification of the design in the fourth case has been done as the best among all for achieving thermal comfort. Fourth case shows the lowest temperature among all four cases when observed on different locations of the compartment.
Keywords: HVAC, Air conditioner, CFD Analysis, Thermal Comfort, Car compartment.
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Solar PV Cooling System
Large photovoltaic systems are usually connected to the grid. Thus, the photovoltaic cooling system connected to the network. This system includes a steam compression radiator, an inverter and photovoltaic cells. Polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells are selected for their reduced price.
When this system is running, the network feeds the chiller and the energy generated by the photovoltaic cells is injected into the network. The inverter has the function of converting the direct current generated by the photovoltaic cells into alternating current.
1.2 Types of PV Systems
Based on the generation of electricity, the photovoltaic modules can be arranged in networks to increase the electric power.
Solar photovoltaic systems are generally classified according to their functional and operational needs and to the configuration of their components. It can be divided into systems connected to the network and autonomous.
1.2.1 Grid-Connected Solar PV System The main unit of photovoltaic systems connected to the network is the conductive power supply. The PCU
converts the direct current generated by the photovoltaic system into alternating current based on the quality requirements for the voltage and power of the public network. A bidirectional interface between the alternate circuits of the photovoltaic generator and the electrical network is generally performed at the local distribution or service level. In this way, the alternating current generated by the photovoltaic system can supply local electrical loads or regenerate the network when the power of the photovoltaic system is greater than the load on the site. This security feature is required for all devices connected to the network.
Figure 1.1 Block Diagram of Grid- Connected Solar PV System 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Aysha et al. [1] (2015) a study on the modeling and simulation of photovoltaic systems. The important objectives are
that the document reconciles the experimental values with the practical values of the standard test condition (STC). The performance of a photovoltaic system depends on the temperature and radiation and it is necessary to examine the properties of a photovoltaic system (photovoltaic system). In this work, an equivalent circuit diagram of a photovoltaic system in a Simulink/
Matlab environment was analyzed, modeled and simulated using the basic circuit equation and the implementation of a diode model. A purely analytical approach is introduced to estimate the unknown parameters of the photovoltaic module. Circuit performance is evaluated under various environmental conditions and compared with actual results.
A. Hasan, et al. [2] (2017) in this paper presented are the photovoltaic- phase change material (PV-PCM) system is employed in extremely hot environment of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to evaluate its energy saving performance throughout the year. A paraffin based PCM with melting range of 38–43 °C is integrated at the back of the PV panel and its cooling effect is monitored. The increased PV power output due to cooling produced by PCM is quantified. A Conjugate heat transfer model employing enthalpy based formulation is developed and validated with the experimental data.
The model is employed to predict melting and solidification fractions in each month of the year. The PV-PCM is found to exhibit consistent performance for most of the year. The PCM produced less cooling in peak cool and peak hot months attributed to its incomplete melting and solidification, respectively. The PV-PCM system enhanced the PV annual electrical energy yield by 5.9% in the hot climatic conditions.
Abu Syed Keron et al. [3] (2017) the photovoltaic cell generates energy from solar radiation. The electrical efficiency of a photovoltaic cell decreases considerably with increasing operating temperature. This cell generates a lot of heat and converts solar energy into electricity. This project concerns the thermal management of photovoltaic modules using water cooling systems. In general, the power generated by the disc decreases by 0.45%/0. When the plate temperature exceeds 250°C. An
automated water cooling system has been installed as part of this project. To the point automatically spray water on the solar panel to prevent the temperature from rising. The system monitored the cell temperature. A comparison was therefore developed to demonstrate the performance of the photovoltaic cells with and without a cooling system. A photovoltaic cell with a maximum power of 5.0 watts was used with other components of the cooling system. This project concerns the thermal management of photovoltaic modules using water cooling systems. In general, the power generated by the plate decreases. This project also demonstrated whether this cooling system is efficient enough to increase the overall performance of the panel.
Annamaria Buonomano et al. [4]
(2017) this article contains numerical and experimental analyzes to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of photovoltaic/thermal collectors (PVT). A test bench has been specially designed and built to compare the electrical power of a PVT photovoltaic field with that of an identical solar field consisting of conventional photovoltaic (PV) modules.
The experimental analysis also aims to evaluate the potential benefits of PVT for photovoltaics in terms of improving electrical efficiency and thermal energy production. The test device installed includes four flat polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic modules and four PVT modules in unsaturated polycrystalline silicon. The total electric power and the surface of the solar field are 2 kWe and 13 m2. The experimental facility is currently in AV Project Ltd. in Avellino (Italy). The study also analyzes the system digitally, including a dynamic thermo-economic simulation model for the design and evaluation of the energy efficiency and economic feasibility of photovoltaic solar systems and glass collectors. The experimental setting was modeled in the TRNSYS environment and partially simulated. The simulation model was useful for analyzing the yields and temperatures of these solar technologies taking into account the PVT reference technology (composed of glazed collectors) and for comparing the digital data obtained from dynamic simulations with the experimental results collected for
photovoltaic technology. Numerical analysis shows that the overall efficiency of the PVT is around 26%. On the other hand, from an experimental point of view, the average thermal efficiency of the PVT collectors is around 13% and the electrical efficiency of the two technologies is around 15%.
3. CFD ANALYSIS ON PV COLLECTOR Preparation of model: A CAD model is prepared in catia
Figure 3.1 Catia Model Design of PV Collector
3.1 Steps of Working
Step 1: Collecting information and data related to PV Collector
Step 2: A fully parametric model of the PV collector for 3 cases.
Step 3: Model obtained in Step 2 is analyzed using ANSYS 18.2.
Step4: Finally, we compare the results obtained from ANSYS.
Figure 3.2 Setup of Working 4. RESULTS
Table 4.1 Case
CASE Velocity Temperature Pressure
CASE-1 6.3 318 2.923
CASE-2 5.85 360.1 1.683
CASE-3 5.56 320 1.5
Temperature inside the PVT collector case-2 shows maximum and case-3 show minimum.
Figure 4.1 Temperature Graph Velocity inside the PVT collector decrease case-1 to case-3.
Figure 4.2 Velocity Results
Figure 4.3 Pressure Graph Table 4.2 Case
CASE CASE-1 CASE-2 CASE-3 Inlet temperature 318 320 320 Outlet Temperature 330 393 340
The inlet and outlet temperature graph show the heat transfer rate of the PVT collector.
Figure 4.4 Inlet and Outlet Temperature Graph
Table 4.3 Case
CASE CASE-1 CASE-2 CASE-3 Inlet velocity 4.5 4.5 4.5 Outlet velocity 4.41 4.1 4.45
Figure 4.5 Inlet and Outlet Velocity Graph
5. CONCLUSION
In this work, both electrical and thermal energy is produced by the hybrid PV/T system. The electrical efficiencies of the PV/T panels are severely reduced as the surface temperatures increase. Cooling the surface of the panel is an effective way to avoid this reduction in efficiency. If no cooling is used, the operating temperature of the PV module reaches a value as high as 120°C and the electrical efficiency drops about to 7% from 12.5%. As the efficiency of the PV panel without active cooling decreases in relation to increasing surface temperature when the panel is not cooled, the forced convection heat transfer zone is formed in the control volume in the back of the PV panel. As a result, a cooling of up to 60–65 degrees at
has been achieved, so the decrease in the electrical current is prevented to a great extent and the efficiency could be maintained at 15%. Consequent turbulent air flows occurring within the control volume, especially in the vicinity of the fins, contributes to heat removal from the panel; therefore, with the CASE-2 arrangement, the highest efficiency was achieved at 15% as expected.
Nevertheless, while CASE-2 arrangement could maintain the electrical efficiency at 13%, a close level of 12.02% could be obtained with the CASE-1 arrangement.
The heat transfer rate in case-2 maximum and case-1 is minimum. The perforated fin increase the overall efficiency of the system also increase the heat transfer rate inside the PV collector. Similar efficiency gains can be achieved by using fewer fin elements and by creating the correct turbulence model compared to the cost of the cooling unit. In addition to the heat transfer surface area and air velocity, it is seen that the fin arrangement is an important parameter in the heat transfer rate. It can be concluded that with better designed fin arrangements, the required fan speed could be lowered for any number of fins or similar results could be obtained with fewer fins. On the other hand, since the power required by the PV- powered fan will also decrease with fewer fins and at lower air velocities, the total efficiency obtained from the PV system will also increase.
6. FUTURE SCOPE
The total efficiency of the PV collector dependent of the thermal contact of area of the fin so the contact area of the fin increases the total efficiency of the PV collector increases. Also, the performance of the PV collector improved by changing the design of the fin. The change in fin will also improve the performance and efficiency of the PV collector.
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