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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING

Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal IMPACT FACTOR: 7.98 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) UGC APPROVED NO. 48767

Vol.03, Issue 05, May 2018, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE

1

d”ehj leL;k dk lek/ksku % vuqPNsn 370 lekfIr dk fo”ys’k.k

Dr. Piush Kumar Pandey Assistant Professor, (Political Science), Govt. College Batouli Sarguja Chhattisgarh

Ok’kZ 1947 esa tc Hkkjr dks vktknh izkIr gqbZ ml le; ,d u;s jkT; ds :Ik esa Hkkjr dks LFkkfir djuk lcls nq:g pqukSrh Fkh vkSj bUgh nq:g pqukSfr;ksa esa ls ,d Fkh Hkkjr dk ,dhdj.k dh pqukSrhA Hkkjr ds ,dhdj.k rks ljnky iVsy ds usr`Ro esa lQyrk iwoZd lEiUu gqvk ysfdu d”ehj dh fLFkfr mgkiksg dh cuh jgh ftldk ykHk mBkdj ikfdLrku us 22 vDVwcj 1947 esa dckfy;ksa ds ek/;e ls vkdze.k fd;k rFkk mlds ckn lh/ks&lh/ks ikfdLrkuh lsuk us bl {ks= esa lSU; dk;Zokgh izkjEHk dj nhA fnlEcj 1948 esa la;qDr jk’Vª ds iz;kl ls Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku ds chp

;q) fojke rks gks x;k ijUrq d”ehj ds eqn~ns ij nksuksa jk’Vksaª ds erHksn vHkh rd dk;e gSA ml erHksn dk eq[;

dkj.k dsoy ikfdLrku ugh gS vfirq Hkkjr ds lafo/kku esa vuqPNsn 370 ds ek/;e ls fn;k x;k fo”ks’k ntkZ rFkk mldks l”kDr cukus ds fy, vuqPNsn 35, dk izko/kku Hkh gSA 5 vxLr 2019 dh tc vuqPNsn 370 dks lekIr djus dh ?kks’k.kk jkT; lHkk esa ekuuh; x`gea=h Jh vfer “kkg }kjk dh x;h rks Hkkjr esa ,d u;h jktuhfrd O;oLFkk rFkk iz”kklu dk tUe gqvkA izLrqr ys[k esa d”ehj leL;k ds lek/kku ds fy, vuqPNsn 370 dh lekfIr dk fo”ys’k.k fd;k x;k gSA

Hkkjr dh lafo/kku lHkk esa tEew&d”ehj ls pkj lhVsa j[kh xbZ FkhaA 16 twu 1949 dks “ks[k vCnqYyk] fetkZ eksgEen vQty csx] ekSykuk eksgEen lbZn elwnh vkSj eksrh jke ckxMk+ lafo/kku lHkk esa “kkfey gq,A vxys rhu eghuksa rd d”ehj ds Hkkjr ls laca/kksa dks ysdj vuqPNsn 370 ¼elkSns esa vuqPNsn 306 ,½ dks ysdj xksikyLokeh vk;axj] ljnkj iVsy vkSj “ks[k vCnqYyk rFkk muds lkfFk;ksa ds chp rh[ks cgl&eqckfgls pysA 12 vDVwcj 1949 dks ljnkj iVsy us Hkh bldh t:jr dks Lohdkj djrs gq, lafo/kku lHkk esa dgk] ^^mu fo”ks’k leL;kvksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, ftudk lkeuk tEew&d”ehj ljdkj dj jgh gS] geus dsanz ds lkFk jkT; ds laoS/kkfud laca/kksa dks ysdj orZeku vk/kkjksa ij fof”k’V O;oLFkk dh gS** 16 vDVwcj 1949 dks ,d elkSns ij lgefr cuh] ysfdu vk;axj us fcuk

“ks[k dks fo”okl esa fy, bldh mi/kkjk 1 ds nwljs fcanq esa ifjorZu dj fn;k vkSj ;gh ifjofrZr :Ik lafo/kku lHkk esa is”k dj ikl djk fy;k x;kA “ks[k vCnqYyk us bl cnyko ij vkifÙk djrs gq, vk;axj dks i= fy[kk vkSj lafo/kku lHkk ls bLrhQk nsus dh /kedh nhA 18 vDVwcj 1949 dks “ks[k dks fy[ks ,d i= esa vk;axj us dgk fd ;g cnyko ekewyh&lk gSA 3 uoEcj 1949 dks usg: ds vesfjdk ls ykSVus ij iVsy us bldh lwpuk usg: dks nhA varr%

vk;axj }kjk la”kksf/kr 306&, gh vuqPNsn 370 ds :Ik esa lafo/kku esa “kkfey gqvkA bl rjg bl fj”rs dh “kq:vkr gh Hkjksls dh txg “kd&lqcgs ls gqbZA

vxj vk;axj us ;g ^^ekewyh cnyko** u fd;k gksrk rks 1953 esa “ks[k dks c[kkZLr djuk dHkh laHko ugha gksrkA bl ckj Hkh blh ds Hkjksls 370 ds ckdh fgLls dks gVk;k x;k gSA vuqpNsn 370 dks vLFkk;h bl cnys :Ik esa dgk x;k FkkA bls le>us ds fy, bl vuqPNsn ds izLrko ij ekSykuk gljr eksgkuh dh vkifÙk ij xksiky d`’.k vk;axj dk tokc ns[k ysuk mfpr gksxkA os dgrs gS] ^^;g ns[kHkky d”ehj dh fof”k’V ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds dkj.k gSA og fo”ks’k jkT; vc rd bl rjg ds ,dhdj.k ds fy, rS;kj ugha gSA ;gka cSBs gj O;fDr dks ;g mEehn gS fd le; ds lkFk&lkFk tEew&d”ehj Hkh ml rjg ds ,dhdj.k ds fy, rS;kj gks tk,xk] tSlk vU; jkT;ksa ds lkFk gqvk gS--- Hkkjr ljdkj d”ehj ds yksxksa ds izfr dqN ekeyksa esa opuc) gSA mUgksaus bl vofLFkfr ds izfr opuc)rk izdV dh gS fd jkT; ds yksxksa dks ;g r; djus dk ekSdk fn;k tk,xk fd os x.kjkT; ds lkFk jguk pkgrs gSa ;k blls ckgj tkuk pkgrs gSaA ge yksx bl ckr ds fy, Hkh opuc) gSa fd turk dh bPNk tuerlaxzg }kjk r; dh tk,xh]

c”krsZ “kkafriw.kZ vkSj lkekU; fLFkfr;ka dk;e gksa vkSj tuerlaxzg dh fu’i{krk dh xkjaVh nh tk ldsA ge bl ckr ls Hkh lger gq, gSa fd jkT; dh lafo/kku lHkk ds ek/;e ls yksxksa dh bPNk ds vuqlkj jkT; dk lafo/kku LFkkfir fd;k tk,xk vkSj jkT; ij dsUnz dk izkf/kdkj r; gksxkA

tc rd jkT; dh lafo/kku lHkk fufeZr ugha gksrh dsoy ,d varfje O;oLFkk gh laHko gS] vkSj ,slh O;oLFkk laHko ugha gS tSlh vU; jkT;ksa ds ekeyksa esa gSA vkidks esjs }kjk izLrqr fd, x, fopkj ;kn gksa rks ;g ,d vo”;aHkkoh fu’d’kZ gS fd ge dsoy ,d varfje O;oLFkk ykxw dj ldrs gSaA vuqPNsn 306 , ¼370½ ,slk gh O;oLFkk LFkkfir djus dh ,d dksf”k”k gSA** blesa nks fcanq egRoiw.kZ gSaA igyk rks vuqdwy ifjfLFkfr;ka gksus ij tuerlaxzg }kjk d”ehj jkT; esa Hkkjrh; x.kjkT; ds lkFk laca/k dks lqfuf”pr djus dk ladYi vkSj nwljk ;g fd vuqPNsn 370 dk Hkfo’; jkT; dh lafo/kku lHkk r; djsxhA bls ml nkSj esa fdlh leL;k dh txg Hkkjrh; ,drk dh fot; ds :Ik esa ns[kk tk jgk FkkA bls xqytkjhyky uank ,d ,slh lqjax ds :Ik esa ns[k jgs Fks ftlls Hkkjrh; lafo/kku /khes&/khes d”ehj rd igqapsxkA “;kek izlkn eq[kthZ Hkh ml le; usg: dSfcusV ds lnL; ds :Ik esa blds leFkZu esa Fks mUgksaus dSfcusV ls bLrhQk vuqPNsn 370 ds f[kykQ ugha] cfYd 8 vizSy 1950 dks usg:&fy;kdr le>kSrs ds f[kykQ fn;k FkkA blfy, vuqPNsn 370 ds vLFkk;h gksus dk eryc ;g Fkk fd bldk Hkfo’; d”ehj dh turk ds vafre fu.kZ; }kjk r; gksxkA vxj d”ehj esa tuerlaxzg gqvk gksrk vkSj ogka dh turk us Hkkjr ds lkFk vkus dk Li’V fu.kZ; fn;k gksrk rks laHko Fkk fd vuqPNsn 370 dk lo:Ik cny tkrk Fkk bldh vko”;drk gh ugha jgrhA

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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING

Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal IMPACT FACTOR: 7.98 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) UGC APPROVED NO. 48767

Vol.03, Issue 05, May 2018, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE

2

;gka ;g ;kn j[kuk pkfg, fd ml le; d”ehj esa tks gkykr Fks] muesa fdlh lafo/kku lHkk dk fu.kZ;

fudV Hkfo’; esa laHko ugha fn[k jgk FkkA ysfdu bl O;oLFkk esa ;g varfuZfgr Fkk] fd ,slh dksbZ lafo/kku lHkk bl vuqPNsn dks [kRe Hkh dj ldrh Fkh] la”kksf/kr Hkh vkSj vuqlaf”kr HkhA ,sls esa tkfgj rkSj ij blfy, turelaxzg ;k lafo/kku lHkk ds fuekZ.k ds ckn vuqPNsn 370 dk Lo:Ik cny Hkh ldrk Fkk vkSj ;g lekIr Hkh gks ldrh FkhA bl /kkjk ds vLFkk;h gksus dk lanHkZ bUgha nksuksa fLFkfr;ksa ls Fkk vkSj ;g ,d xyr ekU;rk gksxh fd vuqPNsn 369 dh rjg lafo/kku esa bldk vfLrRo FkksMs+ fnuksa ds fy, eqdjZj fd;k x;k FkkA lqizhe dksVZ us vHkhgky esa larks’k xqIrk cuke LVsV cSad vkWQ bafM;k ekeys esa bldh rkbZn dh Fkh vkSj dgk Fkk fd bls jk’Vªifr }kjk gVk;k tk ldrk gS ysfdu blds fy, tEew&d”ehj dh lafo/kku lHkk ls vuqeksfnr djkuk gksxk vkSj pwafd og lHkk Hkax gks pqdh gS blfy, ;g fd;k ugha tk ldrkA vc Hkh ftls gVkuk dgk tk jgk gS] og ewyr% ,d la”kks/ku gS ftls ysdj lafo/kku fo”ks’kKksa esa ,der ugha gSA ns[kuk gksxk fd Hkfo’; esa vxj ;g ekeyk loksZPp U;k;ky; tkrk gS rks U;k;ky; bl ij D;k fu.kZ; ysrk gSA

vDlj d”ehj dks fn, x, fo”ks’k jkT; ds ntsZ dks vuqPNsn 370 ls tksM+dj ns[kk tkrk gS ysfdu gdhdr

;g gS fd fo”ks’k jkT; ds ntsZa dk vuqPNsn 370 ls dksbZ ysuk&nsuk ugha gSA ;g ntkZ nsus laca/kh fu.kZ; jk’Vhª;

fodkl ifj’kn ysrh gS ftlds lnL; iz/kkuea=h] dsanzh; ea=h] jkT;ksa ds eq[;ea=h rFkk ;kstuk vk;ksx ¼vc uhfr vk;ksx½ ds lnL; gksrs gSaA bu jkT;ksa dks foÙk vk;ksx }kjk /ku dk vkoaVu djrs le; fo”ks’k /;ku fn;k tkrk gSA

“kq:vkr esa rhu jkT;ksa] vle] ukxkySaM vkSj tEew&dehj dks fo”ks’k jkT; dk ntkZ fn;k x;k FkkA ckn esa bl lwph esa vkB vkSj jkT;ksa] v:.kkpy izns”k] ef.kiqj] es?kky;] fetksje] mÙkjk[kaM] f=iqjk] fgeky; izns”k vkSj flfDde dks tksMk+

x;kA fdlh jkT; dks fo”ks’k ntkZ nsus ds fy, tks vk/kkj cuk, x,] os gSa& igkMh+ vkSj nqxZe bykds] de tula[;k

?kuRo ;k vkfnoklh tula[;k dk ckgqY;] j.kuhfrd egRo okys iMks+lh ns”kksa ds lhekorhZ bykds] vkfFkZd vkSj vk/kkjHkwr <kaps dk fiNMk+iu vkSj jkT;ksa dh [kjkc foÙkh; fLFkfrA tkfgj gS bu ekunaMksa ds vuqlkj ikfdLrku ls yach lhek lk>k djus okyk igkMh+ {ks= d”ehj fo”ks’k Js.kh ds jkT; dk ntkZ ikus dk gdnkj gSA

vuqPNsn 35, vly esa tEew&d”ehj esa 1920 ds n”kd esa d”ehjh iafMrksa ds vkanksyu ^d”ehj d”ehfj;ksa ds fy,* ds QyLo:Ik jktk gfj flag ds le; cus jkT; mÙkjkf/kdkj dkuwu dk gh u;k :Ik FkkA usg: us blds ckjs esa laln esa dgk Fkk] ^^;g dksbZ ubZ pht ugha gS] cfYd ,d iqjkuk fu;e gS tks pyk vk jgk gS vkSj eq>s yxrk gS ;g cgqr vPNh pht gS vkSj bls tkjh jguk pkfg,] D;ksafd d”ehj ,d csgn yqHkkouh txg gS vkSj ¼vxj ;g fu;e jn~n fd;k x;k rks½ ;gka ds fuokfl;ksa ds fy, ;g nqHkkZX;iw.kZ gksxk fd vehj yksx ;gka dh lkjh tehu [kjhn ysaxsA

;g okLrfod dkj.k gS vkSj ;g dkj.k vaxzstksa ds tekus ls lkS ls vf/kd o’kksZa ls ykxw gSA** 370 ykxw gksus ds ckn ls gh tgka ,d rjQ “ks[k vCnqYyk vkSj d”ehjh usr`Ro jkT; dh vyx igpku vkSj Lok;Ùkrk cukus ij tksj ns jgk Fkk]

ogha Hkkjrh; jkT; yxkrkj bls nwljs jkT;ksa dh rjg gh cukuk pkgrk FkkA Hkwfe lq/kkjksa ds ckn tEew ds Mksxjkvksa dk laxBu iztk lHkk] vkj,l,l ds lkFk feydj yxkrkj “ks[k ds f[kykQ vkanksyu pykus yxk rks ml le; vuqPNsn 370 dks eqn~nk cuk;k x;kA eq[kthZ blds uk;d cus vkSj Jhuxj esa mudh ân;k?kkr ds e`R;q ds ckn ns”k Hkj esa vuqPNsn 370 ds uke ij Hkkouk,a HkM+dkbZ xbZA “ks[k dh fxj¶rkjh ds ckn lÙkk esa vk, c[“kh xqyke eksgEen ds le; d”ehj ds ,dhdj.k dh izfdz;k esa rsth vkbZA

20 vDVwcj 1953 dks csfld fizafliy desVh rFkk ewyHkwr vf/kdkjksa rFkk ukxfjdrk ij ,d lykgdkj lfefr cukbZ xbZA 6 Qjojh 1954 dks tEew&d”ehj lafo/kku lHkk us fnYyh le>kSrs ds vk/kkj ij dh xbZ lfefr dh flQkfj”ksa Lohdkj dj yhaA 15 Qjojh 1954 dks Hkkjr esa d”ehj dk foy; lafo/kku lHkk }kjk laLrqr dj fn;k x;kA 1953 esa ikfdLrku }kjk tuerlaxzg dk izLrko Bqdjkus ds ckn Hkkjr }kjk bl laLrqfr dks foy; dk vafre QSlyk eku ysuk LokHkkfod FkkA 13 vizSy 1954 dks d”ehj vkSj “ks’k Hkkjr ds chp dk O;kikj lhek “kqYd ls eqDr dj fn;k x;k] mlh eghus jk’Vªifr jktsUnz izlkn viuh igyh d”ehj ;k=k ij x, vkSj foy; laca/kh dkxtkr ij gLrk{kj fd,A yky cgknqj “kkL=h ds le; x`gea=h jgs xqytkjh yky uank bl ,dhdj.k dks ysdj dqN T;knk gh mRlkfgr Fks] rks] rRdkyhu d”ehjh iz/kkuea=h xqyke eksgEen lkfnd us mudk iwjk lkFk fn;kA Hkkjh tufojks/k ds ckotwn ,d ds ckn ,d ifjorZu ykdj izns”k dh Lok;Ùkrk dks yxkrkj de fd;k x;k] ftlesa tula?k vkSj dE;qfuLV ikVhZ]

nksuksa dh lgefr FkhA Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 356 vkSj 357 vc d”ehj ds lanHkZ esa Hkh ykxw gksus Fks ;kuh dsanz]

jkT; ljdkj dks vinLFk dj ldrk FkkA

jkT; dh fo/kkulHkk }kjk viuk lnj&,&fj;klr pquus dh vktknh [kRe dj ckdh jkT;ksa dh rjg dsanz }kjk ukfer O;fDr dh jkT;iky ds :Ik esa fu;qfDr dk fu;e cuk;k x;kA blds vykok] iz/kkuea=h rFkk lnj&,&fj;klr dh txg ckdh jkT;ksa tSls eq[;ea=h vkSj jkT;iky ds lacks/ku r; fd, x,A bu lHkh ifjfLFkfr;ksa us d”ehj dks Hkkjr ds vfHkUu tax ds :Ik esa LFfir fd;kA lkFk gh Hkkjr dh fLFkfr d”ehj lqn`<+ :Ik ls LFkkfir gks ldhA bUgh lHkh laoS/kkfud rF;ksa dk ykHk izkIr dj orZeku ljdkj d”ehj ls vuqPNsn 370 ds izHkko dks lhfer djus esa lQy jgh gSA ikWp vxLr dh lqcg] tEew&d”ehj ds yksxkssa dh uhan [kqyh rks mUgsa irk pyk fd d¶;wZ yxk;k tk pqdk gS vkSj lapkj O;oLFkk Bi gS tc os uhan esa Fks rHkh muds eksckby Qksu ds flXuy xk;c gks x, Fks vkSj baVjusV can gks pqdk Fkk gky ds o’kkZsa esa igyh ckj ,slk gqvk fd ySaMykbusa Hkh can dj nh xbZ FkhA

,slk yxk fd ns”k ds mÙkjh Nksj dk jkT; iqjkus nkSj esa ykSV pqdk gS gtkjksa dh la[;k esa v/kZlSfud cyksa ds toku d¶;wZ yxkus ds fy, lM+dksa ij mrj x,] ftuesa vf/kdka”k dks fiNys dqN fnuksa esa dbZ nkSj esa ok;q lsuk ds

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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING

Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal IMPACT FACTOR: 7.98 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) UGC APPROVED NO. 48767

Vol.03, Issue 05, May 2018, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE

3

vkb,,Q lh&7 fo”kky foeku ls ?kkVh esa igqapk;k x;k Fkk ns”k ds ^fu;fr ds lkFk lk{kkRdkj* dh 72 oha o’kZxkaB ls nl fnu igys] ,d vkSj ,sfrgkfld cnyko ds fy, eap rS;kj fd;k tk jgk Fkk ;g Fkk lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 370 dks *detksj djuk* vkSj tEew&d”ehj dk nks dsanz”kkflr izns”kksa&tEew vkSj d”ehj rFkk yn~nk[k esa foHkktu 6 vxLr dks laln esa tEew&d”ehj iquxZBu fo/ks;d ikfjr gksus dk eryc gS fd ns”k esa vc 28 jkT; vkSj ukS dsanz “kkflr izns”k gSa] igyh nQk ns”k esa dksbZ jkT; dsanz”kkflr izns”k esa cny fn;k x;k A lkr n”kdksa ls pys vk jgs jkT; ds fo”ks’k njts dks [kRe dj nsus ds fojks/k esa ukxfjd lM+dksa ij ugh mrj ik,A ;fn dksbZ fojks/k izn”kZu ;k fgalk gksrh Hkh gS] rks LFkkuh; Lrj ij gksrh] O;kid :Ik ls lewps {ks= esa ugha QSyhA dkj.k] d”ehj ds vf/kdka”k yksx vuqPNsn 370 rFkk vuqPNsn 35 , ds rgr tkjh gkykr ls uk[kq”k FksA lp rks ;g gS fd bu laoS/kkfud izko/kkuksa us d”ehfj;ksa dks fodkl ds ykHkksa ls ykHkfUor ugha gksus fn;kA Hkkjr dk ;gh ,dek= fgLlk cpk gS tgka vHkh rd futh ;k lkaLFkkfud fuos”k igaqp ik;k gSA

nqHkkZx; jgk fd vuqPNsn 35 , ds izko/kkuksa ds pyrs tEew&d”ehj esa laifÙk [kjhnus ;k ml ij ekfydkuk j[kus dk vf/kdkj dsoy d”ehj ds LFkk;h fuokfl;ksa dks gkfly FkkA jkstxkj] Nk=o`fÙk ls tqMs+ fo”ks’k ykHkksa ls Hkh os gh ykHkfUor gks ldrs Fks ;k jkT; esa vU; fo”ks’kkf/kdkj Hkh mUgsa gh izkIr FksA ,sls esa fdlh fuos”kd ds fy, ogka fuos”k djus dh xqatkb”k ugha FkhA tgka ns”k ds T;knkrj fgLlksa esa ubZ&ubZ QSDVfj;ka yxha] vkbZVh gc cus] gokbZ vM~Ms cus] xq.koÙkkiw.kZ mipkj ds fy, vLirky cus vkSj csgrj f”k{kk laLFkku cus ogha tEew&d”ehj vdsyk jkT; jgk ftls ikfdLrku&izk;sftr vkradokn dk lkeuk djuk iMk+A 1989 ds ckn ls jkT; esa lhek&ikj ls cjikbZ xbZ vkradh ?kVukvksa esa 47]000 gtkj ls T;knk yksxksa dks tku ls gkFk /kksuk iMk+A ysfdu jkT; ds voljoknh jktusrkvksa vkSj jkT; ds vyxkookfn;ksa us d”ehj leL;k dk nks’k ges”kk dsanz ljdkj ds ekFks ij e<k+A us”kuy baosfLVxs”ku ,tsalh ¼,uvkbZ,½ dh gkfy;k tkap esa irk pyk fd d”ehj ds vyxkooknh usrkvksa ds ikfdLrkuh lÙkk izfr’Bku ls nksLrkuk rkYyqd FksA ikfdLrkuh lÙkk izfr’Bku mUgsa eqgS;k djkds d”ehj esa vlarks’k ] fgalk vkSj Mj dk ekgkSy cuokrk FkkA

vkWy ikVhZt gqfjZ;r dkaQzasl ds eljZr vkye us gky esa ,uvkbZ, dh fgjklr esa dh xbZ iwNrkN ds nkSjku dcwy fd;k fd ikfdLrkuh ,tsaV~l gokyk vkWijsVjksa ds tfj, iSlk igqapkrs gS] ftls vyxkooknh usrkvksa ds ikl Hkst fn;k tkrk gSA bu vyxkooknh usrkvksa esa gqfjZ;r dkaQzasl ds ps;jeSu lS;n vyh “kkg fxykuh Hkh “kkfey gSaA bl rF; ls budkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk fd d”ehj esa fgalk dk flyflyk cuk, j[kus fy, bLykekckn ls lh/ks leFkZu vkSj enn igqaprh jgh gSA gkfy;k ,d ?kVuk ls Li’V gks x;k gS fd ikfdLrku d”ehj leL;k dk “kkafriw.kZ lek/kku ugha pkgrk cfYd bldk nks’k Hkkjr ds flj e<+us dk bPNqd gSA fo”o esa ikfdLrku ,dek= ns”k gS] ftldh lkefjd uhfr esa vkradokn ckdk;nk “kkfey gSA y”dj&,&rS;ck ls ysdj tS”k&,&eksgEen ls ysdj rkfycku vkSj gDdkuh xqV-;s lHkh vkradh laxBu ikfdLrku esa iukg ikrs gS] Qwyrs&Qwyrs gSaA vycÙkk] tc bLykekckn dks bUgsa izfrcaf/kr djus esa Qk;nk fn[krk gS] rks fn[kkos ds fy, izfrcaf/kr Hkh dj nsrk gSA ysfdu Hkkjr] vQxkfuLrku] bZjku ;k fdlh vU; ns”k] ftls bLykekckn ilan ugha djrk] ds f[kykQ bUgsa bLrseky djus ds fy, izfrca/k gVk Hkh ysrk gSA

ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd vuqPNsn 370 rFkk vuqPNsn 35 , gVus ls dksbZ vU; ns”k bruk O;fFkr ugha gqvk gS]

ftruk ikfdLrkuA mls yx jgk gS fd ubZ fnYyh us bu laoS/kkfud izko/kkuksa dks [kRe djds mldk [ksy gh fcxkM+

fn;k gSA nks u;s dsanz&”kkflr izns”k cuus ls d”ehjh ;qokvksa dks HksnHkko fd, tkus ;k vyx&Fkyx iM+ tkus dk vglkl ugha djk;k tk ldsxkA u gh vc {ks= esa ekuokf/kdkjksa ds guu dk >wB x<k+ tk ldsxkA ,slh fLFkfr esa vc ubZ fnYyh ds fy, t:jh gS fd d”ehj esa gkykr lkekU; cukus esa nsj u djsA pj.kc) rjhds ls d¶;Zw gVk;k x;k gS] rkfd yksx [kku&iku o vU; t:jrksa ds lkeku vkSj t:jh nok,a [kjhn ldsaA d”ehjh voke dks Hkh le>k;k tkuk pkfg, fd Hkkjr mudk Hkyk pkgrk gS] mUgsa lq[k&le`) ns[kuk pkgrk gSA blds vykok] ljdkj fu;af=r daifu;ksa dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tkuk pkfg, rkfd os T;knk ls T;knk d”ehjh ;qokvksa dks ukSdfj;k eqgS;k djkus dh fn”kk esa c<s+A

blls u dsoy ikfdLrku] vyxkooknh ;k LFkkuh; d”ehjh jktusrk ?kkVh esa fgalk dk ekgkSy cukus esa ukdke gksaxsA lkFk d”ehj ds ml oxZ dk Hkh mRFkku gksxk tks cgqr le; ls gkfl, ij FksA vuqPNsn 370 dh lekfIr ds ckn ,d u;s d”ehj dk fuekZ.k gksxk tks u dsoy viuk fodkl djsxk vfirq Ik;ZVu ,oa izkd`frd laqnjrk esa Hkkjr ds vU; jkT;ksa ds fy, Hkh izsj.kk lzksr cusxkA vuqPNsn 370 dh flfer fLFkfr rFkk dsUnz “kkaflr izns”k ds :Ik esa LFkkfir gksus ij nksuksa u;sa jkT;ksa dk fodkl Hkh rhoz xfr ls gksxk vkSj og ij [kq”kgkyh rFkk lEiUurk esa o`f) gksxhA

lanHkZ lwph

1. MkW- vf”ouh dqekj flag ^^d”ehj leL;k vkradokn vkSj Hkkjrh; lqj{kk** vuqHko ifCyf”kax gkml] bykgkckn] 2012] i`’B la[;k&42

2. MkW- fouksn dqekj flag ,oa MkW- “kqHkzka”kq “ks[kj flag ^^tEew d”ehj esa vkradokn dk Lo:Ik% ,d v/;;u** MkW- ds- ;kno] MkW- d:.ksUnz flag ¼lEik0½** Vsj~fjTe bu lkÅFk ,f”k;k] blql~t] pSusUtst ,.M vkI”ku** fot; izdk”ku eafnj] okjk.klh 2016] i`’B la[;k&271

3. v”kksd dqekj ik.Ms; ^^[kRe gqvk d”ehfj;ksa dh vfLerk dk izrhd** vkmVyqd 26 vxLr 2019] i`’B la[;k&32

4. Okgh] i`’B la[;k&34

5. Okgh] i`’B la[;k&35

(4)

ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING

Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal IMPACT FACTOR: 7.98 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) UGC APPROVED NO. 48767

Vol.03, Issue 05, May 2018, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE

4

6. mnj ekgwjdj] dkSf”kd Msdk] rFkk vfHk”ksd HkYyk ^^d”ehj dh drj&C;ksar** bafM;k VqMs] 21 vxLr 2009 i`’B la[;k&15

7. “kadk dqekj ^^fQfyLrhu ugh cu ldrk d”ehj** jk’Vhª; lgkjk ] gLr{ksi] i`’B la[;k&4

Referensi

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= 155 VOLUME: 10, Issue 01, Paper id-IJIERM-X-I, February 2023 Hkkjr ds chp O;kikj vkSj O;olk; dk çpyu FkkA nksuksa ns'kksa ds chp ckVZj VªsfMax dk çpyu FkkA usiky vkSj Hkkjr