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486 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT ISSN: 2348-4918

Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal

VOLUME: 10, Special Issue 01, (IC-IESP-MULTI-2023) Paper id-IJIERM-X-I, January 2023

fo"k;& fganh

lg vkpk;Z ,oa v/;{k] fganh foHkkx

vks- ih- ts- ,l- fo'ofo|ky;] pq:] jktLFkku ¼Hkkjr½

Lora=rk çR;sd O;fä dk cqfu;knh vf/kdkj gSA vk/kqfud ;qx esa bls ,d thou&ewY; ds :i esa Hkh ns[kk tkrk gSA lfn;ksa ls ijk/khu jgh ukjh dh blh Lora=rk dh pkg dks ukjhoknh vkanksyu dh laKk feyh gSA vius vkjafHkd dky esa bl vkanksyu dks iq:"k fojks/kh vkanksyu ds :i esa ns[kk x;kA ijUrq ckn esa ;g Li"V gqvk fd ;g vkanksyu iq:"k fojks/kh vkanksyu u gksdj O;oLFkk fojks/kh vkanksyu gS ftlds rgr L=h dk 'kks"k.k fd;k tkrk gSA ;g vkanksyu ifjorZu dh ekax djrk gSA ÞifjorZu ml O;oLFkk esa gksuk pkfg, vFkok ml ekufldrk esa gksuk pkfg, tks ukjh dks xqyke cukrh gSAß oLrqr% ukjhokn L=h dks oLrq ls O;fä cukus dh tíkstgn dk ifj.kke gSA bl lanHkZ esa

^vkSjr ds gd esa* uked iqLrd dh ysf[kdk rLyhek uljhu dk dFku –"VO; gS– Þftl fnu lekt L=h 'kjhj dk ugha] mldh es/kk vkSj Je dk ewY; nsuk lh[k tk,xk flQZ ml fnu L=h euq"; ds :i esa Loh—r gksxhAß

%& lekt] 'kks"k.k vkSj vkanksyuA

oSf'od /kjkry ij –f"Vikr djsa rks lgt gh Kkr gksrk gS fd ukjh ;qxksa ls iq#"k }kjk lapkfyr jgh gSA chloha 'krkCnh esa f'k{kk ds c<+rs çpkj&çlkj] vkfFkZd vkRefuHkZjrk] lkekftd tkx`fr vkfn ds ifj.kke Lo:i igyh ckj og vius vfLrRo dh vksj tkx`r gksrh gSA lu~ 1975 esa varjkZ"Vªh; efgyk o"kZ dk vk;kstu gqvk vkSj blds ckn iwjs fo'o esa ukjh vius vf/kdkjksa ds çfr vf/kd ltx gqbZA

;gha ls lkfgR; esa Hkh ukjhoknh fopkj dk vkxkt gksrk gSA Hkkjrh; lkfgR; esa Hkh ukjhoknh n`f"Vdks.k dh 'kq:vkr yxHkx mlh nkSj esa gqbZA fgUnh esa ukjhoknh –f"Vdks.k ds vkjaHk ls igys vusd ysf[kdk,¡ vius mR—"V lkfgR; ys[ku ds }kjk çfrf"Br gks pqdh FkhA ,slh ysf[kdkvksa esa m"kk fç;aonk] eUuw HkaMkjh] —".kk lkscrh vkfn ds uke mYys[kuh; gSaA ukjhoknh fopkj ls lh/kk lEcU/k u gksrs gq, Hkh bu ysf[kdkvksa us igyh ckj lkfgR; esa L=h dks L=h dh fuxkg ls ns[kus dk ç;kl fd;k gSA blfy, muds lkfgR; dk viuk egRo gSA bu ysf[kdkvksa esa ls eUuw HkaMkjh dh dgkfu;ksa esa fpf=r ukjh dks ;gk¡ ukjhoknh fopkj ds lanHkZ esa tk¡pus&ij[kus dk ç;kl fd;k tk jgk gSA

eUuw HkaMkjh fgUnh dh ofj"B dgkuhdkj ,oa miU;kldkj gSaA Lora=rk ds ckn os fy[kuk 'kq:

djrh gSaA mudk igyk dgkuh laxzg ^eSa gkj xbZ* 1957 esa çdkf'kr gqvkA vc rd muds yxHkx nl dgkuh laxzg çdkf'kr gks pqds gSaA eUuw Hk.Mkjh dh dgkfu;ksa esa ukjh ds dbZ :i fpf=r gq, gSaA budh ukfj;ksa esa dqN ijaijkxr gSa rks dqN i<+h&fy[kh] dkedkth vkSj ,d fof'k"V oxZ dh ukfj;k¡

gSaA ,sls fof'k"V oxZ dh ukfj;k¡ vius vfLrRo] O;fäRo dh j{kk vkSj çfr"Bk dks ysdj ltx gSaA os u dsoy iq#"k dh vf}rh;rk dk vLohdkj djrh gSa cfYd lgh ek;uksa esa ls mls pqukSrh Hkh nsrh gSaA M‚- lfPpnkuan prqosZnh us fy[kk gS& ^;s fL=;k¡ bl ckr esa fo'okl j[krh gSa fd eu dk larks"k çkIr djus ds fy, fookg Hkh ;fn ck/kd cus rks mls fu%ladksp rksM+ nsuk pkfg, D;ksafd ns[kk x;k gS fd fookg çk;% fL=;ksa dh egRokdka{kkvksa dh iwfrZ esa ck/kd curk gSA^ eUuw HkaMkjh us viuh dgkfu;ksa esa ,slh dbZ fL=;k¡ x<+h gSa tks ?kksj O;fäoknh] Lora= vkSj vius oS;fäd fodkl esa fookg dks ca/ku Lohdkj djus okyh gSaA

muesa ^thrh ckth dh gkj* dh eqjyk] ^vkrs tkrs ;k;koj* dh ferkyh] ^?kqVu* dh çfrek]

^ubZ ukSdjh* dh jek vkfn mYys[kuh; gSaA eqjyk dks fookg esa ca/kuk vius O;fäRo dks cspus leku

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yxrk gSA ysf[kdk us eqjyk vkSj mldh fe=ksa ds fopkjksa dk ifjp; bl rjg fn;k gS& ^,d i<+h&fy[kh yM+dh fdl çdkj vius fopkjksa vkSj O;fäRo dk [kwu djds ifr ds jax esa jax ldrh gS] ;g ckr bu cqf)thoh vkSj vius gh O;fäRo ds Hkkj ls nch yM+fd;ksa ds fy, dYiukrhr FkhA*

eqjyk dks vkRefuHkZjrk ds dkj.k fdlh ds lkFk dh t:jr eglwl ugha gksrhA ^?kqVu* ,d fof'k"V dgkuh gSA blesa eUuwth us nks ,slh ukfj;ksa dh O;Fkk&dFkk dks ok.kh nh gS] tks ijLij fojks/kh dkj.kksa ls O;fFkr gSaA çfrek fookfgr gSA mldk ifr usoh esa bathfu;j gSA og tc ?kj vkrk gS rc [kwc 'kjkc ihdj çfrek dks viuh ckgksa esa tdM+ ysrk gSA çfrek ml tdM+ ls eqä gksus ds fy, NViVkrh gSA çfrek dh ;g NViVkgV ?kqVu esa cny ldrh gS ijUrq eqfä esa ughaA nwljh rjQ eksuk dh 'kknh ugha gSA og vius çseh v:i ls 'kknh djuk pkgrh gS] ijUrq eksuk dh ek¡

ukSdjh&'kqnk eksuk dh 'kknh ugha gksus nsrhA og eksuk dh 'kknh djds viuh vkfFkZd gkyr fcxkM+uk ugha pkgrhA ,sls esa eksuk fdlh dh ckgksa esa tdM+ tkus ds fy, NViVkrh gSA mldh NViVkgV Hkh

?kqVu esa cny ldrh gS ijUrq ca/ku esa ughaA

^ubZ ukSdjh* dh jek v/;kfidk FkhA i<+uk&i<+kuk mldk 'kkSd FkkA ifr dh çkbosV QeZ dh ubZ ukSdjh ds dkj.k mls viuh ukSdjh NksM+uh iM+rh gSA ifr dh ;g ubZ ukSdjh mlds vfLrRo vkSj O;fäRo dks] mldh bPNk&vkdka{kk dks] ckSf)d fodkl dks fuxy tkrh gSA ,sls esa ,s'kks vkjke Hkjh ftUnxh ds ckotwn og larq"V ugha gSA og ek= ifr dh ijNkbZ cuuk drbZ ilan ugha djrhA ifr dqUnu tc ?kj ls ukSdjh ds fy, fudyrk gS rc og lksprh gS fd dqUnu mls ihNs NksM+dj cgqr vkxs fudy pqdk gSA ;g fLFkfr mlds fy, vlá gSA M‚- lfPpnkuan prqosZnh dk dguk gS fd& ^tks fL=;k¡ Lora= fodkl djuk pkgrh gSa] muds fy, fookg mlh çdkj ck/kd gksrk gS] tSls fd dkxtksa dks Lora= mM+us ls jksdus ds fy, isijosVA^ ^vkrs tkrs ;k;koj* dh ferkyh d‚yst esa i<+krh gSA gksLVsy esa jgrh gSA cgqr igys mldk lgikBh çse ds uke ij laLdkj rksM+us ds cgkus mls Ny pqdk gSA ,sls esa oSpkfjd :i ls iq:"k ds çfr çfr'kks/k dh Hkkouk gksrs gq, Hkh ;k;koj fdLe ds ujsu ls fQj Nyh tkrh gSA iq#"k ijaijkxr laLdkjksa ds uke ij Hkh ukjh ls Nyuk djrk

gS rks vk/kqfudrk ds uke ij HkhA ^vkrs tkrs ;k;koj* dgkuh esa eUuwth us blh dF; dks mtkxj gSA ukjhoknh –f"Vdks.k eUuwth dh ^m¡pkbZ* vkSj ^;gh lp gS* dgkfu;ksa esa rhoz :i ls O;ä gqvk gSA

^m¡pkbZ* dgkuh dh f'kokuh ,d ,slh ukjh gS tks ,d gh le; iRuh vkSj çsfedk nksuksa Hkwfedk vnk djrh gSA fookgsÙkj lEcU/k j[kdj ;fn iq#"k vifo= ugha gksrk rks L=h dSls gks ldrh gS vkSj ifo=rk dk lEcU/k 'kjhj ls ugha eu ls gksrk gS ,slk dgus okyh f'kokuh vius iwoZ çseh vrqy ds lkFk ds mlds 'kkjhfjd lEcU/k dks u rks vuqfpr ekurh gS] u vuSfrdA ;g vk/kqfud ukjh ,d ls vf/kd iq:"kksa ls lEcU/k j[krs gq, Hkh Lora= vfLrRo vkSj O;fäRo dh ^Å¡pkbZ* ij jg ldrh gSA

^;gh lp gS* dh nhik Hkh ijaijkxr ewY; dks vk?kkr igq¡pkdj ukjh dks u;s :i esa çLrqr djrh gSA nhik ,d le; fu'khFk ls çse djrh FkhA fu'khFk ls /kks[kk feyus ij vc og lat; ls çse djrh gSA ijUrq ukSdjh ds fy, bUVjO;w nsus xbZ nhik dh fu'khFk ls iqu% eqykdkr gksrh gS vkSj og mlls Hkh çse dk vuqHko djrh gSA ikjaifjd ekU;rkvksa ds nk;js ls ckgj fudyus dk ç;kl djus okyh nhik lpeqp ,d foæksgh ;qorh gSA vuhrk jktwjdj us nhik ds ckjs esa fy[kk gS– ^nhik u fu'khFk dks pkgrh gS] u lat; dks] og flQZ vius vkidks pkgrh gSA orZeku {k.kksa esa tks mls lq[k nsrk gS] og {k.k gh nhik dh –f"V esa lR; gSA^

^cUn njktksa dk lkFk* dgkuh ifr dh csoQkbZ vk/kqfud L=h dks fdl çdkj rksM+ nsrh gS bl rF; dks lkeus ykrh gSA eatjh fofiu ls /kks[kk [kkus ij fnyhi ls tqM+rh gS ijUrq ,d ls /kks[kk [kkus okyh L=h pkgdj Hkh nwljs ds lkFk lgt thou ugha th ikrhA ^euq"; u rks NqVh gqbZ ftUnxh dks NksM+ ikrk gS vkSj u pquh gqbZ ftUnxh dks viuk ldrk gSA nksuksa vksj [khapk tkdj {kr&fo{kr gks tkrk gSA* eatjh dh dgkuh blh lPpkbZ ls :&c&: djkrh gSA ^,d ckj vkSj* Hkh blh Hkko dh dgkuh gSA bldh ukf;dk fcUuh dk pkSng o"kksaZ rd dqat ds lkFk çse lEcU/k jgrk gSA dqat }kjk vU; L=h ls fookg dj ysus ds ckn dqN yksx fcUuh dks dqUnu ls tksM+us dk ç;kl djrs gSaA ijUrq ukjh dk eu dksbZ ,slh LFkwy oLrq ugha gS fd tgk¡ pkgs mls tksM+k tk ldsA euq"; dk viuh

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Hkkoukvksa ij dgk¡ vf/kdkj gksrk gS\ blfy, fcUuh pkgrs gq, Hkh uUnu ls fj'rk ugha cuk ikrhA oLrq ls O;fä cuus dh ukjh dh blh tíkstgn dks eUuwth us bl dgkuh esa mHkkjk gSA

^rhu fuxkgksa dh ,d rLohj* dgkuh dh n'kZuk ifjR;äk gksdj Hkh fdlh dh n;k ugha ysrh vkSj ukSdjh ds lgkjs th ysus dk fu.kZ; djrh gSA ^nhokj] cPps vkSj cjlkr* dgkuh dh ukf;dk vius Lora= O;fäRo ij ifr }kjk vkap vkrs ns[kdj 'kknh ds fj'rs dks rksM+ nsrh gS rks ^gkj* dgkuh dh nhik jktuhfr ds {ks= esa iq#"k ds ,dkf/kdkj dks rksM+dj ukjh dh Js"Brk fl) djrh gSA ^dejs]

dejk vkSj dejs* dh uhfyek d‚yst dh gksugkj çk/;kfidk gS ijUrq 'kknh ds ckn og viuh ukSdjh NksM+ nsrh gS vkSj ckn esa mldk O;fäRo dqafBr gks tkrk gSA vius ^Lo* dks frykatfy nsus okyh ukjh dh VwVu uhfyek esa O;ä gqbZ gSA

dqy feykdj ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd eUuw HkaMkjh ukjhoknh vkanksyu ls tqM+h gqbZ ysf[kdk ugha gSA ckotwn blds ubZ f'k{kk vkSj lkekftd fodkl ds dkj.k mudh dgkfu;ksa esa oS;fäd psruk ls Hkjh gqbZ ukfj;ksa dh Hkjekj gSA vius ^Lo* dh j{kk ds fy, ;s ukfj;k¡ lEcU/kksa dks rksM+us dk tksf[ke Hkh mBkrh gSA ukjh dk nks;e ntkZ mUgsa Loh—r ugha gSA iq#"k dsfUær lksp dks os Hkys gh feVk ugha ldrha ijUrq mlds lkeus ç'ufpà rks vo'; [kM+k djrh gSa] vFkok ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd ml lksp dks m[kkM+ Qsadus ds fy, os fujarj ç;Ru'khy fn[kkbZ nsrh gSaA vius blh ç;Ru ds pyrs dbZ ckj ifjokj vkSj lekt ls la?k"kZ djrh gqbZ VwVrh&fc[kjrh Hkh gSa rks dbZ ckj vius vkidks LFkkfir Hkh djrh gSaA lpeqp eUuwth ukjh thou ds u;s HkkoHkks/k dk vkys[ku djus okyh l'kä dgkuhdkj gSaA

^vkidk caVh^ vkSj ^egkHkkst^ tSlh pfpZr —fr;ksa dh jpuk djus okyha çfl) ysf[kdk eUuw HkaMkjh efgykvksa dks ,d ubZ jks'kuh esa fpf=r djus ds fy, tkuh tkrh gSaA mUgksaus y?kq dFkk,a] miU;kl vkSj ukVdksa dks dyec) fd;kA muds vk[;kuksa us mu la?k"kksaZ vkSj dfBukb;ksa dks mtkxj fd;k gS]

ftudk efgykvksa us vrhr esa yxkrkj lkeuk fd;k gSA

1931 esa e/;çns'k ds Hkkuiqjk esa tUeha HkaMkjh dh çkjafHkd f'k{kk vtesj esa gqbZA mUgksaus dydÙkk fo'ofo|ky; ls Lukrd dh mikf/k çkIr dh vkSj dk'kh fganw fo'ofo|ky; ls fganh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; esa ,e, fd;kA mudk fookg çfl) lkfgR;dkj jktsaæ ;kno ls gqvk FkkA jktsaæ ;kno dks HkaMkjh ds lkFk feydj ^u;h dgkuh^ ds uke ls fgUnh lkfgR; esa ,d u;h fo/kk dk lw=ikr djus dk Js; fn;k tkrk gSA eUuw HkaMkjh dks mR—"V lkfgfR;d miyfC/k;ksa ds fy, fnYyh f'k[kj lEeku vkSj dsds fcjyk QkmaMs'ku ds O;kl lEeku lfgr dbZ iqjLdkjksa ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA muds çfl) miU;kl ^;gh lp gS^ dks ysdj 1974 esa cuh fQYe ^jtuhxa/kk^ us 1975 esa dbZ fQYeQs;j iqjLdkj thrs FksA HkaMkjh ds ifjokj esa mudh csVh jpuk ;kno gSaAçfl) lkfgR;dkj eS=s;h iq"ik us dgk&—".kk lkscrh] eUuw HkaMkjh vkSj Å"kk fç;aonk ^ubZ dgkuh^ ds tekus esa rhu cM+h ysf[kdk,a gSaA mlls igys fL=;ksa dk fy[kk gqvk mruh xaHkhjrk ls ugha fy;k tkrk FkkA rc egknsoh oekZ lfgr dbZ ysf[kdk,a Hkh FkhaA eUuw HkaMkjh ds ys[ku dk rsoj yphyk FkkA eSaus mudh —fr

^vkidk caVh^ vkSj ^egkHkkst^ Hkh i<+h gSA ^vkidk caVh^ ij geus dqN loky Hkh mBk, Fks] ysfdu mUgksaus ,d rykd'kqnk L=h ds thou ds ckjs esa dkQh –<+rk ls fy[kkA tc rd mUgksaus ugha fy[kk Fkk] rc rd rykd'kqnk L=h dh ihM+k ml rjg lkeus ugha vkbZ FkhA cPps ij mldk D;k euksoSKkfud çHkko iM+rk gS] ;g mlesa c[kwch n'kkZ;k x;k gSA og gekjh igyh ih<+h dh ysf[kdk FkhaA eUuw HkaMkjh vkSj —".kk lkscrh /kjksgj gSaA eSa muds lkFk dkQh le; jgh gwWA eSa ubZ&ubZ lkfgR;

txr esa vkbZ Fkh rks eUuw th gh gesa xksf"B;ksa esa ys tkrh Fkha vkSj nsj gksus ij ?kj Hkh NksM+rh FkhaA laxksf"B;ksa ds fy, ckgj Hkh tkuk iM+rk FkkA bykgkckn esa ,d dk;ZØe ds nkSjku eSa vkSj eUuw th lkFk x, Fks vkSj lkFk gh Bgjs FksA gekjs laca/k dkQh djhch FksA

çfl) lkfgR;dkj e`nqyk xxZ us dgk] eUuw Hk.Mkjh th dks eSa cgqr yacs le; ls tkurh gwWaaA 1975 esa esjk igyk miU;kl çdkf'kr gksus ij muls esjk ifjfp; gqvk FkkA D;ksafd] ;g v{kj

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çdk'ku esa Nik Fkk] tks jktsaæ ;kno dk FkkA 'kq:&'kq: esa eUuw HkaMkjh ls ogha feyuk gqvk FkkA og lgt ç—fr dh Fkha] ysfdu viuh ckr dgus esa tjk Hkh ugha fgpdrh FkhaA mUgksaus tc ^egkHkkst^

fy[kk rks mldh dkQh ppkZ gqbZA fQYeksa ds fy, Hkh dkQh fy[kkA ;qokvksa ds chp dkQh yksdfç;

jghaA mudk tkuk ,d ;qx dk var gSA

dyk leh{kd johUæ f=ikBh us dgk fd eUuw HkaMkjh dk fu/ku viwj.kh; {kfr gSA eq>s mUgksaus fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; esa dFkk lkfgR; dk fo'ks"k isij i<+k;k FkkA fganh dh bl ew/kZU; dgkuhdkj vkSj miU;kldkj dks esjh fouez J)katfyA lkfgR; vdkneh ds lfpo M‚- ds- Jhfuokl jko us crk;k fd lkfgR; txr dh og ,d l'kä gLrk{kj FkhaA ;g {kfr iwjh ugha dh tk ldrh gSA ^ubZ dgkuh^

dh bl çfl) ys[kdk ds ys[ku esa ,sls dbZ rRo gSa tks lelkef;d fo"k;ksa dks Nwrs gSaA og viuh jpukvksa ds ek/;e ls ikBdksa ds eu esa lnSo cuh jgsaxhA

lkfgR;dkj enu d';i us fy[kk gS fd ,d egku ysf[kdk pqipki pyh xbZA lkfgR; dh laLFkk,a dqN vkSj ckSuh gks xbZaA foosd rstqtk us V~ohV fd;k] ^lkfgR; dh nqfu;k ds fy, ;g fdruh cM+h {kfr gSA eq>s ;kn gS fd eSaus ^jtuhxa/kk^ fQYe ns[kh Fkh vkSj lksp jgk Fkk fd ;g fdruh çxfr'khy gSA rHkh eq>s irk pyk fd ;g eUuw HkaMkjh dh fy[kh ,d dgkuh ij vk/kkfjr gSA jksyh cqDl dh fç;k diwj us dgk] ^eUuw HkaMkjh Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dh egkukf;dk FkhaA cnyrs 'kgjh Hkkjr] fir`lÙkk] ;qok ns'k ds u, çfrekuksa ls çHkkfor ikfjokfjd thou ds ,d rst ysfdu laosnu'khy i;Zos{kd jgha HkaMkjh dk dke vkt Hkh çklafxd gSA

,d IysV lSykc] eSa gkj xbZ] rhu fuxkgksa dh ,d rLohj] ;gh lp gS] f='kadq] Js"B dgkfu;ka] vka[kksa ns[kk >wB] uk;d [kyuk;d fonw"kdA budh ,d pfpZr dgkuh ^vdsyh gS tks lksek cqvk uke ds ik=

dks dsaæ esa j[kdj fy[kh xbZ gSA lksek vius ikl&iM+ksl ls ?kqyus&feyus ds ç;klksa ds ckotwn vdsyh iM+ tkrh gSaA og vdsyh blfy, gSa] D;ksafd og ifjR;äk gSa] cw<+h gks pyh gSa rFkk mudk iq=

Hkh mUgsa NksM+dj tk pqdk gSA vius ifjos'k ds lkFk ?kqyus&feyus ds mlds ç;kl Hkh ,drjQk gSA

1. n l[kku] ,e- fQjkst ¼M‚-½ fu;kc] 'kxq¶rk ¼M‚-½ ukjhfoe'kZ% n'kk vkSj fn'kk] vkdk'k ifCy'klZ ,.M fMLVªhC;wVlZ]

bZ&10@663] mÙkjkapy d‚yksuh] yksuh cksMZj] xkft;kckn&201102] çFke laLdj.k& 2010

2. cæhukjk;.k] lkfgR; vkSj le; ¼vUr% lEcU/kksa ij iqufoZpkj½ ok.kh çdk'ku] 4695] 21,] nfj;kxat] u;h fnYyh&110002] çFke laLdj.k % 2010-

3. oekZ] jrudqekjh] efgyk lkfgR;dkjksa dk ukjh fp=.k ¼fgUnh dgkfu;ksa ds lanHkZ esa½] v/;;u ifCy'klZ ,.M fMLVªhC;wVlZ 4378@4] 105] ts- ,e- Mh- gkml] eqjkjh yky LVªhV] valkjh jksM] nfj;kxat] u;h fnYyh&11002]

laLdj.k % 2009

4. CtsD'ku v‚Q foeSu] t‚u LVqvVZ fey vuq- ;qxkad /khjA

5. dqdkark jk/kokuh] M‚- vuhrk flag ¼2018½ ^^eUuw Hkaoj dh efgyk ds fookg esa efgyk ds la?k^^ ij] varjkZ"Vªh; 'kks/k if=dk] o‚Y;we] 6 uacj 5

6. M‚- eqds'k ;kno ¼2017½ ^^20oha lnh ds Hkkjrh; y?kq dgkuh ys[kdksa esa tsaMj fMLdkslZ^^] baVjus'kuy tuZy v‚Q áweSfuVht lks'ky lkbalst ,aM ,tqds'ku ¼vkbZts,p,l,lbZ½ o‚Y;we 4] vad 10