View of शैक्षणिक उपलब्धि की अवधारणा पर एक लधु अध्ययन

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VOLUME: 10, Special Issue 01, (IC-IESP-MULTI-2023) Paper id-IJIERM-X-I, January 2023 481

foHkkx%& f'k{kk'kkL=] vks- ih- ts- ,l- fo'ofo|ky;] pq:] jktLFkku

vdknfed miyfC/k dks vkerkSj ij ijh{kkvksa ;k fujarj ewY;kadu }kjk ekik tkrk gS ysfdu bl ij dksbZ lkekU; lgefr ugha gS fd bldk lcls vPNk ijh{k.k dSls fd;k tkrk gS ;k dkSu ls igyw lcls egRoiw.kZ gSaA vdknfed miyfC/k çn'kZu ds ifj.kkeksa dk çfrfuf/kRo djrh gS tks bafxr djrh gS fd fdl gn rd ,d O;fä us fof'k"V y{;ksa dks iwjk fd;k gS tks fo'ks"k :i ls Ldwy]

d‚yst vkSj fo'ofo|ky; esa funsZ'kkRed okrkoj.k esa xfrfof/k;ksa dk dsaæ FksA Ldwy ç.kkfy;k¡

T;knkrj laKkukRed y{;ksa dks ifjHkkf"kr djrh gSa tks ;k rks dbZ fo"k; {ks=ksa ¼tSls] egRoiw.kZ lksp½ ij ykxw gksrs gSa ;k ,d fof'k"V ckSf)d {ks= ¼tSls] la[;kRedrk] lk{kjrk] foKku] bfrgkl½ esa Kku vkSj le> ds vf/kxzg.k dks 'kkfey djrs gSaA

miyfC/k] fof'k"V vkSj le>A

'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k dks bafxr djus okys dbZ ekunaMksa esa] cgqr lkekU; ladsrd gSa tSls 'kSf{kd ç.kkyh esa çkIr çfØ;kRed vkSj ?kks"k.kkRed Kku] vf/kd ikBîp;kZ&vk/kkfjr ekunaM tSls 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ijh{k.k ij xzsM ;k çn'kZu] vkSj 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k ds lap;h ladsrd tSls fd 'kSf{kd fMxzh vkSj çek.k i=A lHkh ekunaM leku gSa fd os ckSf)d ç;klksa dk çfrfuf/kRo djrs gSa vkSj bl çdkj dekscs'k fdlh O;fä dh ckSf)d {kerk dks çfrfcafcr djrs gSaA fodflr lektksa esa] 'kSf{kd miyfC/k çR;sd O;fä ds thou esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA thih, ¼xzsM IokbaV vkSlr½ ;k ,l,Vh

¼Ld‚ySfLVd vlslesaV VsLV½ tSls p;u mís'; ds fy, fMtkbu fd, x, ekudh—r vkdyu }kjk ekih xbZ 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k ;g fu/kkZfjr djrh gS fd D;k Nk= dks viuh f'k{kk tkjh j[kus dk volj feysxk ¼mnkgj.k ds fy,] fdlh fo'ofo|ky; esa Hkkx ysus ds fy,½A blfy,] vdknfed miyfC/k ;g ifjHkkf"kr djrh gS fd D;k dksbZ mPp f'k{kk esa Hkkx ys ldrk gS] vkSj 'kSf{kd fMxzh ds vk/kkj ij] f'k{kk ds ckn fdlh ds O;kolkf;d dSfj;j dks çHkkfor djrk gSA

,d O;fä ds fy, çklafxdrk ds vykok] ,d jk"Vª ds /ku vkSj mldh le`f) ds fy, 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gSA gky gh esa] ihvkbZ,lA ¼varjkZ"Vªh; Nk= ewY;kadu ds fy, dk;ZØe½] vksbZlhMh ¼vkfFkZd lg;ksx vkSj fodkl laxBu½ }kjk ç'kkflr] lekt ds 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k ds Lrj vkSj ldkjkRed lkekftd vkfFkZd fodkl ds chp etcwr laca/k fn[kk;k gSA bu v/;;uksa ds ifj.kke ,d jk"Vª dh 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k ds fofHkUu ladsrdksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh çnku djrs gSaA bl rjg dh tkudkjh dk mi;ksx fdlh jk"Vª dh 'kSf{kd ç.kkyh dh rkdr vkSj detksfj;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k djus vkSj 'kSf{kd uhfr ds fu.kZ;ksa dks funsZf'kr djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

vdknfed miyfC/k ds O;fäxr vkSj lkekftd egRo dks ns[krs gq,] ;g vk'p;Z dh ckr ugha gS fd vdknfed miyfC/k dbZ oSKkfudksa dk 'kks/k Qksdl gS] fo'ks"k :i ls] euksfoKku ;k 'kSf{kd fo"k;ksa esaA bl rjg dh tkudkjh dk mi;ksx fdlh jk"Vª dh 'kSf{kd ç.kkyh dh rkdr vkSj detksfj;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k djus vkSj 'kSf{kd uhfr ds fu.kZ;ksa dks funsZf'kr djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

gky ds fnuksa esa thou esa çkIr lQyrk esa ,d u;k vk;ke tqM+ tkrk gS vkSj vc bls cqf) ls vf/kd lQyrk ds fy, ftEesnkj Bgjk;k tk jgk gSA 'kCn dks HkkoukRed cqf)eÙkk dgk tkrk gS vkSj bls HkkoukRed HkkxQy ds :i esa ekik tkrk gSA fiNys dbZ o"kksaZ esa] HkkoukRed cqf)eÙkk 'kCn

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us ,d dkjd ds :i esa cgqr vf/kd /;ku vkdf"kZr fd;k gS tks dke ij] ?kj ij] Ldwy vkfn esa O;fä ds çn'kZu dks le>us vkSj Hkfo";ok.kh djus esa mi;ksxh gSA 'kks/k ds fu"d"kksaZ us Nk=ksa dh miyfC/k vkSj 'kS{kf.kd lQyrk esa lq/kkj ds fy, fMtkbu fd, x, HkkoukRed dkS'ky fodkl dk;ZØeksa dks 'kkfey djus dh vko';drk ij cy fn;kA ;g irk pyk gS fd Ldwy esa HkkoukRed vkSj lkekftd dkS'ky fl[kkuk cgqr egRoiw.kZ gS vkSj ;g u dsoy ml o"kZ ds nkSjku cfYd ckn ds o"kksaZ ds nkSjku Hkh vdknfed miyfC/k dks ldkjkRed :i ls çHkkfor djrk gSA

us'kuy lsaVj Q‚j fDyfudy bUQSaV çksxzkEl dh ,d fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] Ldwy esa ,d Nk= dh lQyrk ds fy, lcls egRoiw.kZ rRo ;g le>uk gS fd dSls lh[kuk gS ftls vU;Fkk HkkoukRed cqf)eÙkk ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA HkkoukRed cqf)eÙkk ds çeq[k rRo gSa%

 vkRefo'okl

 ftKklk

 oSpkfjdrk

 vkRe & la;e

 laokn djus dh {kerk

 ,d Vhe esa lg;ksx djus vkSj dke djus dh {kerkA

efLr"d&vk/kkfjr f'k{kk ds 'kks/k ls irk pyrk gS fd çHkkoh lh[kus ds fy, HkkoukRed LokLF;

ekSfyd gSA ;g Hkkoukvksa dks çHkkoh <ax ls vkSj mRiknd :i ls mi;ksx djus dh {kerk gSA ;g rsth ls Li"V gksrk tk jgk gS fd ;s dkS'ky mPp çn'kZu djus okys Nk=ksa vkSj d{kkvksa ds fy, uhao esa ls ,d gSaA

HkkoukRed cqf)eÙkk fofHkUu fLFkfr;ksa esa ge dSls lksprs gSa] eglwl djrs gSa vkSj dk;Z djrs gSa]

bls igpkuus] le>us vkSj pquus dk ,d rjhdk gSA ;g nwljksa ds lkFk gekjh var%fØ;k vkSj Lo;a ds ckjs esa gekjh le> dks vkdkj nsrk gS] ;g ifjHkkf"kr djrk gS fd ge dSls vkSj D;k lh[krs gSa] ;g gesa çkFkfedrk,¡ fu/kkZfjr djus dh vuqefr nsrk gS] ;g gekjs nSfud dk;ksaZ ds cgqer dks fu/kkZfjr djrk gSA 'kks/k ls irk pyrk gS fd ;g gekjs thou esa 80 izfr”kr lQyrk ds fy, ftEesnkj gSA isVªkbM~l ,V vy us 650 xzsM 11 ds Nk=ksa ds fczfV'k uewus esa HkkoukRed cqf)eÙkk] laKkukRed {kerk vkSj 'kS{kf.kd çn'kZu ds chp laca/kksa dh tkap dhA mUgksaus ik;k fd HkkoukRed cqf)eÙkk us 'kS{kf.kd çn'kZu vkSj laKkukRed {kerk ds chp laca/k dks fu;af=r fd;kA ,YMj us crk;k fd Nk=

dh lkexzh dks vPNh rjg ls lh[kus dh {kerk esa Hkkoukvksa dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksrh gS] bl çdkj Hkkouk,a lh[kus dh lqfo/kk çnku dj ldrh gSaA

'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k ds fy, HkkoukRed cqf)eÙkk ,d egRoiw.kZ dkjd gSA blfy,] Nk=ksa dh 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k ds Lrj dks c<+kus ds fy, mUgsa viuh Hkkoukvksa dks vPNh rjg ls çcaf/kr djus esa l{ke cukus dh vko';drk gS] mUgsa vius Mj] fpark vkSj grk'kk dks fu;af=r djus dh {kerk gkfly djukA

fexykuh us vius v/;;u esa HkkoukRed {kerk vkSj vdknfed çn'kZu ds chp ,d egRoiw.kZ laca/k ik;kA vcksgj vks;slksty ,V vyA muds v/;;u esa HkkoukRed cqf) vkSj 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k ds chp egRoiw.kZ ldkjkRed laca/k ik;k x;kA muds v/;;u esa gkbZ Ldwy esa HkkoukRed cqf)eÙkk vkSj 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k ds chp laca/k ik;k x;k fd 'kS{kf.kd lQyrk HkkoukRed cqf)eÙkk ds dbZ vk;keksa ls –<+rk ls tqM+h gqbZ FkhA vksbuyks;s ¼2005½ ek/;fed fo|ky; ds Nk=ksa ds chp HkkoukRed cqf) ds fuEu Lrj ds fy, [kjkc 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k dh leL;k dk Js; nsrs gSaA mudk ekuuk gS fd

^^ftu Nk=ksa esa HkkoukRed cqf)eÙkk dh deh gksrh gS] os dqN lek;kstu pqukSfr;ksa dk çn'kZu djrs gSa

;k dqN ek;uksa esa Ldwy ds dke dh ek¡xksa dks çHkkoh <ax ls laHkkyus esa foQy jgrs gSaA^^ ,sls Nk=

gks ldrs gSaA

dgk tkrk gS fd muds ikl cgqr de ;k dksbZ HkkoukRed cqf)eÙkk ugha gS vkSj os O;fäxr y{;ksa dks çkIr djus esa l{ke ugha gks ldrs gSa ftuesa mPp 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k 'kkfey gS^^A

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jpukRedrk vkSj HkkoukRed cqf)eÙkk 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k esa lq/kkj ds lkFk egRoiw.kZ :i ls lacaf/kr gSaA Qk:d ¼2003½ dk dguk gS fd mPp HkkoukRed cqf) okys Nk= de HkkoukRed cqf) okys Nk=ksa dh rqyuk esa csgrj vdknfed çn'kZu djrs gSaA ukbthfj;kbZ fo'ofo|ky; ds Nk=ksa ds chp blh rjg dh [kkst us 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k ds lkFk HkkoukRed cqf)eÙkk vkSj vdknfed vkRe&çHkkodkfjrk ds chp egRoiw.kZ laca/k çdV fd,A lucqy vkSj vlyu ¼2008½ us leku :i ls HkkoukRed cqf) vkSj 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k ds chp laca/k dh lwpuk nhA vuqla/kku dk ,d egRoiw.kZ fudk; gS tks bafxr djrk gS fd HkkoukRed [kqfQ;k vkSj vU; xSj&ikjaifjd mik; ikjaifjd vkbZD;w ijh{k.kksa ¼yks]

ykseSDl] tSDlu ,aM usYlu 2004] yks ,aM usYlu 2005] LV‚Vyses;j] 2002½ ds :i esa lQyrk dh Hkfo";ok.kh dj jgs gSaA ukflj vkSj elwj ¼2010½ us ik;k fd HkkoukRed cqf)eÙkk us vdknfed miyfC/k dh egRoiw.kZ Hkfo";ok.kh dhA dkjesu ,V vyA ¼2009½ us ik;k fd 'kS{kf.kd {kerk gh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k dk ,dek= Hkfo";oäk ugha gS vkSj HkkoukRed cqf)eÙkk dk lh[kus ij cgqr egRoiw.kZ çHkko iM+rk gSA

HkkoukRed cqf)eÙkk dkS'ky lh[kus vkSj ykxw djus ls gkbZ Ldwy ls d‚yst vkSj mlds ckn ds egRoiw.kZ laØe.k dky ds nkSjku Nk=ksa dh lQyrk ij lh/kk çHkko iM+kA Hkkoukvksa dks fu;af=r djuk HkkoukRed cqf)eÙkk dk ,d igyw gS tks vdknfed miyfC/k dk ,d egRoiw.kZ Hkfo";oäk FkkA blds vykok] ,d Lukrd uewus esa] lexz HkkoukRed cqf)eÙkk] HkkoukRed /kkj.kk vkSj HkkoukRed fofu;eu esa o`f) gqbZ miyfC/k vkSj laKkukRed&vk/kkfjr çn'kZu ds fy, ftEesnkj gSA gksxu vkSj etsLdh ¼2004½ us ik;k fd laØe.k dky ds nkSjku vdknfed :i ls lQy vkSj vdknfed :i ls vlQy Nk=ksa dh igpku djus esa HkkoukRed cqf)eÙkk ,d Hkfo";oäk gSA

jpukRed lksp ,d vU; igyw ;k pj gS tks Nk=ksa dh 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k dks çHkkfor dj ldrk gSA

;g ,d 'kfä'kkyh ekufld ladk; gS tks nqfu;k esa ubZ ?kVuk,a ykrk gSA gkyk¡fd vyx&vyx v/;;u bl laca/k dks vyx rjg ls ns[krs gSaA dkSj ¼1992½ us ik;k fd jpukRedrk vkSj 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k ds chp de ldkjkRed laca/k ekStwn gSA ikaMk ¼1997½ us 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k ij jpukRedrk vkSj lek;kstu ds çHkko dk v/;;u fd;k vkSj ik;k fd Nk= dh 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k dh çxfr ds fy, jpukRedrk vkSj lek;kstu vko';d dkjd FksA 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k vkSj jpukRedrk] 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k vkSj lek;kstu ds chp laca/k us fn[kk;k fd muds chp ,d laca/k FkkA blfy, Nk=ksa esa jpukRed 'kfä fodflr djus ds fy, mfpr ruko fn;k tk ldrk gS] rkfd os larqfyr gks ldsa vkSj varr% csgrj 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k gkfly dj ldsaA

vkerkSj ij ;g ekuk tkrk gS fd ftu Nk=ksa us viuh i<+kbZ dh 'kq#vkrh d{kkvksa esa csgrj ;k mPp çn'kZu fn[kk;k] mUgksaus fMxzh Lrj ij Hkfo"; ds 'kS{kf.kd o"kksaZ esa Hkh csgrj çn'kZu fd;kA bl /kkj.kk ls gj dksbZ gSjku gks ldrk gS vxj bls oSKkfud :i ls fl) fd;k tk ldsA fiNys nks n'kdksa ls

;g mYys[kuh; :i ls ns[kk x;k gS fd 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k ds ladsrdksa ls lacaf/kr vuqla/kku lkfgR;

vkSj leh{kk lkexzh esa dkQh o`f) gqbZ gSA

de vk; okys ifjokjksa ls vkus okys cPps lh[kus ds ifj.kkeksa ds ekeys esa ckn ds e‚My dks tkurs gSa] fuEu lk{kjrk Lrj] de çfr/kkj.k nj] fo|ky; O;ogkj esa leL;k,¡ rFkk vius v/;;u esa vf/kd dfBukbZ rFkk vf/kdrj v/;;u ,oa fo|ky; ds çfr udkjkRed vfHko`fÙk çnf'kZr djrs gSaA bZeksu ds vuqlkj] bZeksu ds bl dFku ls dalhMhu vkSj tIiyk dk –f"Vdks.k vf/kd etcwr gS & os Nk= vkerkSj ij fuEu lkekftd&vkfFkZd fLFkfr ;k {ks= ls ckgj vkrs gSa tks v/;;u esa de çn'kZu fn[kkrs gSa vkSj vU; dh rqyuk esa de vad çkIr djrs gSaA

lkekftd vkSj 'kSf{kd i`"BHkwfe ij vius v/;;u esa crk;k fd os Nk= tks T;knkrj oafpr lkekftd&vkfFkZd vkSj 'kSf{kd i`"BHkwfe ls vkrs gSa] mPp lkekftd&vkfFkZd vkSj 'kSf{kd {ks= ls vkus

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okys Nk=ksa dh rqyuk esa vis{kk—r csgrj çn'kZu djrs gSaA mUgksaus bl ?kVuk dks 'kSf{kd yksp dk uke fn;kA ;g Li"V vkSj lR; gS fd fofHkUu ns'kksa esa lkekftd&vkfFkZd ekud dks oxhZ—r djus ds ekunaM muds ekunaMksa vkSj ewY;ksa ds vk/kkj ij vyx&vyx gSaA fodflr ns'k ds fy, fuEu lkekftd&vkfFkZd fLFkfr dk ekunaM fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds ekunaM ls vyx gksxk vkSj fodkl'khy vkSj fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds ekeys esa Hkh ;gh gksxkA & ifjokjksa dh dqy vk;] ekfld ;k okf"kZd vkSj muds O;; Hkh ;qokvksa ds fy, lh[kus vkSj 'kS{kf.kd voljksa vkSj mudh 'kSf{kd lQyrk dh laHkkoukvksa ij cgqr çHkko Mkyrs gSaA blds vykok] mUgksaus ;g Hkh crk;k fd vkoklh; Lrjhdj.k vkSj vyxko ds dkj.k] fuEu&vk; i`"BHkwfe okys Nk= vkerkSj ij de QaM okys Ldwyksa esa tkrs gSaA

'kks/kdrkZvksa ds fy, ;g tkuuk ,d fnypLi {ks= jgk gS fd 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k ij fyax dk dksbZ çHkko gS ;k ughaA bl ij v/;;u fd, x, gSa vkSj ifj.kkeksa dks eksVs rkSj ij rhu çdkjksa esa la{ksfir fd;k tk ldrk gSA dqN v/;;u dgrs gSa fd yM+fd;ka yM+dksa ls csgrj gSa] tcfd dqN blds foijhr dgrs gSaA rhljh Js.kh miyfC/k ds laca/k esa nksuksa ds chp dksbZ varj ugha ikrh gSA vkb, bu rhuksa ij muds lacaf/kr ifjek.k esa ppkZ djsaA u, 'kks/k ls irk pyk gS fd 70 izfr”kr ns'kksa esa yM+fd;ka 'kSf{kd miyfC/k esa yM+dksa dk usr`Ro djrh gSaA ;gka rd fd mu ns'kksa esa tgka efgykvksa dh Lora=rk xaHkhj :i ls çfrcaf/kr gS] yM+fd;ksa dks 15 lky dh mez rd xf.kr] i<+us vkSj foKku lk{kjrk fo"k;ksa esa yM+dksa ls csgrj çn'kZu djrs fn[kk;k x;k gSA 1- 2000 vkSj 2010 ds chp çksxzke Q‚j baVjus'kuy LVwMsaV vlslesaV MsVk dk mi;ksx djds nqfu;k Hkj ls 5 fefy;u 15 o"kZ ds cPpsA

^baVsfytsal^ if=dk esa çdkf'kr fu"d"kZ crkrs gSa fd lkekftd] jktuhfrd vkSj vkfFkZd Lrj ds mPp Lrj okys ns'k lekurk vHkh Hkh 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k esa ySafxd varj dk vuqHko djrh gSA fojks/kkHkklh :i ls] drj] t‚MZu vkSj la;qä vjc vehjkr tSls vis{kk—r de ySafxd lekurk jsfVax ds fy, tkus tkus okys dqN ns'k ,sls gSa tgka yM+fd;ksa ds i{k esa 'kSf{kd miyfC/k dk varj vis{kk—r cM+k gSA

'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k esa jktuhfrd vkSj vkfFkZd lekurk vHkh Hkh ySafxd varj dk vuqHko djrh gSA fojks/kkHkklh :i ls] drj] t‚MZu vkSj la;qä vjc vehjkr tSls vis{kk—r de ySafxd lekurk jsfVax ds fy, tkus tkus okys dqN ns'k ,sls gSa tgka yM+fd;ksa ds i{k esa 'kSf{kd miyfC/k dk varj vis{kk—r cM+k gSA 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k esa jktuhfrd vkSj vkfFkZd lekurk vHkh Hkh ySafxd varj dk vuqHko djrh gSA fojks/kkHkklh :i ls] drj] t‚MZu vkSj la;qä vjc vehjkr tSls vis{kk—r de ySafxd lekurk jsfVax ds fy, tkus tkus okys dqN ns'k ,sls gSa tgka yM+fd;ksa ds i{k esa 'kSf{kd miyfC/k dk varj vis{kk—r cM+k gSA

xf.kr] i<+us vkSj foKku esa la;qä miyfC/k;ksa ij fopkj djrs le;] yM+ds 70 izfr”kr ns'kksa esa fiNM+ tkrs gSa] tcfd dsoy rhu ns'k@{ks= ¼losZ{k.k esa 'kkfey 4%½ gSa tgk¡ yM+ds yM+fd;ksa ls csgrj çn'kZu djrs gSa ¼vFkkZr~ dksyafc;k] dksLVk fjdk vkSj Hkkjrh; jkT; fgekpy çns'k½A

;wukbVsM fdaxMe vkSj la;qä jkT; mu ns'kksa ls lacaf/kr Fks tgka la;qä miyfC/k esa dksbZ ¼lkaf[;dh;

:i ls egRoiw.kZ½ fyax varj ugha ik;k x;k FkkA

fo'ys"k.kksa esa 'kkfey dkedkt ds lHkh igyw vdknfed çn'kZu ds dqN ladsrdksa ls tqM+s gSa & lcls yxkrkj xzsM ds lkFkA dk;kZRed laKkukRed dkS'ky dk dkedkt ds mik;ksa ds 'kS{kf.kd çn'kZu ij O;kid çHkko iM+rk gSA mPp laKkukRed dkS'ky okys ;qok dqN gn rd de xzsM çkIr djrs gSa] Hkys gh Ldwy ds dk;ZØeksa vkSj IyslesaV esa varj gksA gkykafd] dk;kZRed laKkukRed dkS'ky ds fuEu Lrj okys ;qokvksa dh rqyuk esa mEehnksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq,] mPp dk;kZRed laKkukRed dkS'ky Lrj okys ;qok Øe'k% i<+us vkSj xf.kr esa xzsM Lrj ds djhc 1-6 vkSj 1-8 o"kZ gSaA

(5)

lkekftd dkS'ky dh jsfVax Hkh xzsM vkSj vdknfed dkS'ky nksuksa ls –<+rk ls lacaf/kr gSa]

ysfdu laca/kksa dh fn'kk laKkukRed dkS'ky ds foijhr gSA mPp lkekftd dkS'ky okys ;qok vius lkekftd :i ls de fuiq.k lkfFk;ksa dh rqyuk esa dkQh vf/kd xzsM çkIr djrs gSa] ysfdu os i<+us esa fuEu xzsM Lrj ij çn'kZu djrs gSaA Lo&ns[kHkky dkS'ky vkSj –<+rk nksuksa gh Nk=ksa ds xzsM ls lacaf/kr gSa] ysfdu muds okLrfod 'kS{kf.kd dkS'ky ls ughaA gkyk¡fd] fj'rs foijhr fn'kkvksa esa tkrs gSaA

ftu ;qokvksa dks dk;ksaZ dks iwjk djus esa vf/kd –<+rk ¼'kk;n x`gdk;Z lfgr½ dh lwpuk nh tkrh gS] os mEehn ds eqrkfcd de yxkrkj ;qokvksa dh rqyuk esa mPp xzsM çkIr djrs gSaA gkykafd]

mPp Lo&ns[kHkky dkS'ky fuEu xzsM ls tqM+s gSa] tks ;qokvksa ds chp vU; varjksa ls Lora= gSaA

1. vUukeykbZ] ,-vkj- ¼2020½A ^^v/;kiu ds çfr f'k{kdksa dk joS;k^^] f'k{kk esa ç;ksx] [kaM 28] la[;k 4] vçSy 2020] ihih-69&71A

2. gksukgsjk] ,y- vkSj jkmy] ,lds ¼2014½A &ch-,M- dk çn'kZuA Vªsuht bu fjys'ku Vw ns;j tsaMj] ,dsMfed cSdxzkmaM ,aM Vkbi v‚Q baLVhVîw'ku^] n ,tqds'kuy fjO;w] o‚Y;we 47] uacj 11] uoacj 2014] ihih 206&211A

3. chå ,ylqcze.;u] ih vkSj f'kodqekj] vkj- ¼2011½A ^^çkFkfed f'k{kd çf'k{k.k Nk=ksa dh vdknfed miyfC/k dk ,d rqyukRed v/;;u^^] 'kSf{kd leh{kk] o‚Y;we -44] la[;k 12] fnlacj 2011] ihihA 323&228A

4. HkkLdj jko] Mh- lkselw;kZ çdk'k jko] ,- Hkqous'oj y{eh] th ¼2014½% n ,tqds'kuy fjO;w] tuojh 2014] 387]

9oka Ø‚l] egky{eh yks;vkmV] cSaxyksj&560086A

5. pØorhZ] ,l- ¼2012½- ^^f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa }kjk lkeuk dh tkus okyh ikfjokfjd leL;kvksa dk ,d egRoiw.kZ v/;;u]

lkekftd&vkfFkZd fLFkfr] lk{kjrk dsaæksa esa miyC/k HkkSfrd lqfo/kk,a] lk{kjrk dk;ZØe ds laxBukRed vkSj funsZ'kkRed igyw vkSj if'pe caxky esa efgyk f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa dh lk{kjrk miyfC/k ds lkFk mudk laca/k^^]

vuqla/kku ifj;kstuk] fo'ofo|ky; dydÙkk] bafM;u ,tqds'kuy ,CLVªSDV~l lsA

6. djh] vkj,y ¼2012½A ^^6 oha d{kk ds cPpksa dh Ldwy miyfC/k ij lkekftd&vkfFkZd fLFkfr dk çHkko^^]

fczfV'k tuZy v‚Q ,tqds'kuy lkbdksy‚th] ihihA 46&49A

7. Mkolu] ,QA ¼2020½A ^^iwoZ&fd'kksjkoLFkk esa dqN ;kSu budkjksa ds ekr` jkstxkj ds çHkkoksa dk ,d fo'ys"k.kkRed v/;;u vkSj fd'kksjksa ds ,d uewus esa Lo&okLrfodrk miyfC/k ij vkoklh; xfr'khyrk^^] fuca/k lkj varjkZ"Vªh;] o‚Y;weA 3] i`-924A

8. ejuk,ubZvkj] lh,y ¼2020½A ^^lekurk,a vkSj vyx&vyx miyfC/k gkfly djus vkSj Nk=ksa dks çkIr djus esa varj^^] O;fäxr ekxZn'kZu tuZy] o‚Y;we -38] la[;k 5] ihih-396&400A

9. bfy;V] lhMh ¼2012½A ^^ilZuSfyVh QSDVlZ ,aM Ld‚ySfLVd vVsuesaV^^] fczfV'k tuZy v‚Q ,tqds'kuy lkbdksy‚th^^] o‚Y;we 42] ihihA 23&32A

10. ,aVfoly] ,uts ¼2012½A ^^ilZuSfyVh ,aM ,dsMfed vphoesaV^^] fczfV'k tuZy v‚Q ,tqds'kuy lkbdksy‚th^^]

o‚Y;we -42] ihih--137&151A