ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal IMPACT FACTOR: 2.104(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) ISSN-2456-1037
Vol.04,Special Issue 04, 2nd Conference (ICIRSTM) April 2019, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE
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gkM+kSrh esa “kSf{kd fodkl o tkx:drk ¼1880 ls 1950 bZ-½ Jherh oUnuk “kekZ
“kkS/kkFkhZ] dsfj;j IokbaV fo-fo-] dksVk
vBkjoha lnh rd jktLFkku esa izkphu Hkkjrh; f”k{kk i)fr tkjh jgh] ftldk /;s; Kku] O;fDrxr dY;k.k vkSj thfodk fuokZg ds lk/ku miyC/k djkuk FkkA f”k{kdkas dks vius gh <ax ls f”k{kk nsus dh Lora=rk FkhA ijEijkxr f”k{kk dk izlkj tkjh jgk] ml le; esa nks izdkj dh f”k{k.k laLFkk,a Fkh&
,d] os ftudk lapkyu dqN O;fDr fo”ks’k vius iq=ksa dh f”k{kk ds fy, djrs gS] ijUrq vU; Nk= Hkh f”k{kd dks “kqYd nsdj mu f”k{k.k laLFkkvksa dk ykHk mBk ldrs FksA nwljh] os f”k{k.k laLFkk,a Fkh ftudk lapkyu Lo;a f”k{kd yksx djrs Fks] vkSj Nk=kas ls feyus okys “kqYd ls viuk fuokZg djrs FksA dqN ,sls f”k{kd Hkh gksrs Fks] tks f”k{kk dks ifo= nkf;Ro le>dj f”k{kk nsus dk dke djrs Fks]
vkSj Ldwy dk O;; vius futh lk/kuksa] pans ;k nku esa feyus okys /ku ls pykrs FksA jkT; ljdkjsa f”k{kdksa vkSj f”k{k.k laLFkkvkas dks le;≤ ij vkfFkZd lgk;rk ,ao Hkwfe vuqnku nsrh jgrh FkhA 1 gkM+kSrh esa Hkh fgUnqvksa dh izkjfEHkd “kkykvksa dks pV”kkyk] ikS”kky vkfn ukeksa ls Hkh iqdkjk tkrk FkkA eqlyekukas dh izkjfEHkd “kkykvksa dks ^edrc dgk tkrk FkkA
dksVk esa f”k{kk ¼KOTAH½ %& lEor~ 1950 ¼1893 bZ-½ esa jkt/kkuh esa ,d yM+dksa dk rFkk ,d yM+fd;ksa dk Ldwy FkkA bykds esa 18 xzke ikB”kkyk,a Fks lEiw.kZ jkT; esa 1085 fo|kFkhZ f”k{kk ikrs Fks]
34 v/;kid Fks vkSj 8710 :i;k f”k{kk foHkkx ij O;; gksrk FkkA 2 eq- f”ko izrki bl foHkkx ds v/;{k gqvk djrs FksA mUgksaus cM+h yxu ls f”k{kk izpkj djuk izkjEHk fd;kA xzkeh.k ikB”kkykvksa esa gkM+kSrh fyfi i<+kbZ tkrh FkhA LFkkuh; ;ksX; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ckgj Hkst dj ,sls fo’k;kas dh f”k{kk fnykus dh uhfr tkjh dh FkhA dbZ yM+ds MkWDVj vkSj baftfu;j cuus ds fy, Hksts x;s FksA d`f’k vksj ckxokuh dk dke lh[kus ds fy, Nk=o`fÙk;ka nh xbZ FkhA
1- jktLFkku dk bfrgkl & dkywjke “kekZ ,ao O;kl ¼1984½ i`’B 582
2- ,MfefUkLVsª”ku fjiksVZ lEor~ & 1956 i`’B 65 ctV lEor~ 1950] n¶rj fglkcA
vaxzsth f”k{kk & lEor~ 1950 ls iwoZ dsoy jkt/kkuh esa gh vaxzsth dk Ldwy Fkk vksj blesa Hkh dsoy fefMy Dykl rd f”k{kk nh tkrh FkhA eqa- f”koizrkith us viuh fu;qfDr gksrs gh lEor~ 1951 esa uoe d{kk [kksyh vkSj lEor~ 1953 esa loZizFke dksVk jkT; ls ,d yM+dk iz;kx fo”ofo|ky; esa ,UVªsUl dh ijh{kk esa lfEEkfyr gqvkA 3 lEor~ 1951 esa jktiwrksa ds okLrs ,d i`Fkd Ldwy LFkkfir fd;k x;k ftldk uke ukscYl Ldwy j[kk x;kA blesa Hkh gkbZ Ldwy dh Hkkafr i<+kbZ gksus yxh]
ijUrq njckj gkbZ Ldwy ds leku ;g mUur ugh gks ldkA njckj gkbZ Ldwy eq- f”koizrkith ds RkRoko/kku esa mÙkjksÙkj mUur gksrk x;k mudh e`R;q ds le; blesa gkbZ Ldwy ds lc fo’k; i<+k;s tkus yx x;s Fks vkSj jktiwrkus ds izfl) Ldwyks esa fxuk tkrk FkkA lEor~ 1965 rd ;g gkbZ Ldwy dgykrk FkkA ml o’kZ ds fy, ,d vyx bekjr cuuk vkjEHk gqvk ftldk f”kykU;kl duZy pkYlZ gjcVZ] lh- ,l- vkbZ- us rkjh[k 25 ekpZ lu~ 1909 esa fd;kA rc ls gkbZ Ldwy gjcVZ gkbZ Ldwy dgykus yxkA duZy pkYlZ gjcVZ dksVk jkT; dk iksfyfVdy ,ts.V jg pqdk Fkk vkSj egkjko mEesnflagth dk fe= FkkA blh o’kZ ukscYl Ldwy Hkh gjcVZ gkbZ Ldwy esa lfEEkfyr dj fn;k x;kA vuqHko ls fl) gqvk Fkk fd tkfr fo”ks’k ds fy, vyx f”k{kk laLFkk fgrdj ugh gSA 4 ubZ bekjr esa igqWpus ds ckn ;g laLFkk vkSj Hkh mUur gqbZA eqa- f”koizrkith us foKku dh iz;ksx”kkykvksa dks lEiUu rFkk iqLrdky; dks mUur djds bl laLFkk dks lokZax lqUnj cuk fn;kA lEor~ 1978 esa tc yky n;kd`’.k Mk;jsDVj Fks] nks Dykls vkSj c<k nh xbZ vkSj 12 oh Dykl rd bl laLFkk esa f”k{kk nh tkus yxhA rc ls gjcVZ gkbZ Ldwy bUVj dkWyst dgykus yxkA
dLck ckjkW dk vaxzsth feMy Ldwy Hkh blh o’kZ gkbZ Ldwy cuk;k x;kA 4
ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal IMPACT FACTOR: 2.104(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) ISSN-2456-1037
Vol.04,Special Issue 04, 2nd Conference (ICIRSTM) April 2019, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE
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ukeZy Ldwy & f”k{kk foHkkx dk “kklu lw= vius gkFk esa ysrs gh eqa- f”koizrkith us vuqHko fd;k Fkk fd dksVk jkT; esa vko”;d ;ksX;rk ds v/;kid ugha feyrs gSA vr% ;ksX; v/;kid rS;kj djus ds fy, jkt/kkuh esa ukeZy Ldwy LFkkfir fd;kA vkjEHk esa blesa dsoy fgUnh fefMy rd i<+kbZ gksrh FkhA fefMy ikl djus ij yM+dsa v/;kid cuk fn;s tkrs FksA FkksM+s vlsZ ckn bldks okLro esa ukeZy Vsªfuax Ldwy cuk fn;k x;kA bl le; bl Ldwy esa lh- Vh- Dykl Hkh [kksy nh xbZ gSA 5
3- ,MfefuLVsª”ku fjiksVZ] lEor] 1953 i`’B 20A 4- mijksDr lEor~ 1965 i`’B 2]13]2A
5- ,MfefuLVsª”ku fjiksVZ 1980 i`’B 53A
